Dépouillements

Editorial: The developmental psychopathologist as scientist-sleuth – can large-scale longitudinal birth cohort studies provide the missing clues? / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p. 619–621 Titre : Editorial: The developmental psychopathologist as scientist-sleuth – can large-scale longitudinal birth cohort studies provide the missing clues? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 619–621 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02562.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Editorial: The developmental psychopathologist as scientist-sleuth – can large-scale longitudinal birth cohort studies provide the missing clues? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p. 619–621. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p. 619–621 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02562.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

The role of maternal factors in sibling relationship quality: a multilevel study of multiple dyads per family / Jennifer M. JENKINS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.622–629 Titre : The role of maternal factors in sibling relationship quality: a multilevel study of multiple dyads per family Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer M. JENKINS, Auteur ; Jon RASBASH, Auteur ; George LECKIE, Auteur ; Krista GASS, Auteur ; Judy DUNN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.622–629 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Siblings  maternal depression  parent–child relationships  research design  family factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Although many children grow up with more than one sibling, we do not yet know if sibling dyads within families show similarities to one another on sibling affection and hostility. In the present study the hypotheses were tested that (a) there will be significant between family variation in change in sibling affection and hostility and (b) this between family variation will be explained by maternal affective climate, operationalized as positive and negative ambient parenting, differential parenting and maternal malaise. Methods:  A general population sample of families with single and multiple sibling dyads were visited twice, 2 years apart. Up to 2 children in a family acted as informants; 253 relationships were rated in 118 families. A cross-classified, multilevel model was fit to separate between-family and within-family variance in sibling relationships while simultaneously controlling for informant and partner influences. Results:  Thirty-seven percent of the variance in change in sibling affection and 32% of the variance in change in sibling hostility was between family variance. The measured maternal affective climate including, maternal malaise and maternal ambient and differential hostility and affection explained between family differences. Conclusions:  Sibling relationship quality clusters in families and is partly explained by maternal affective climate. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02484.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] The role of maternal factors in sibling relationship quality: a multilevel study of multiple dyads per family [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer M. JENKINS, Auteur ; Jon RASBASH, Auteur ; George LECKIE, Auteur ; Krista GASS, Auteur ; Judy DUNN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.622–629. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.622–629 Mots-clés : Siblings  maternal depression  parent–child relationships  research design  family factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Although many children grow up with more than one sibling, we do not yet know if sibling dyads within families show similarities to one another on sibling affection and hostility. In the present study the hypotheses were tested that (a) there will be significant between family variation in change in sibling affection and hostility and (b) this between family variation will be explained by maternal affective climate, operationalized as positive and negative ambient parenting, differential parenting and maternal malaise. Methods:  A general population sample of families with single and multiple sibling dyads were visited twice, 2 years apart. Up to 2 children in a family acted as informants; 253 relationships were rated in 118 families. A cross-classified, multilevel model was fit to separate between-family and within-family variance in sibling relationships while simultaneously controlling for informant and partner influences. Results:  Thirty-seven percent of the variance in change in sibling affection and 32% of the variance in change in sibling hostility was between family variance. The measured maternal affective climate including, maternal malaise and maternal ambient and differential hostility and affection explained between family differences. Conclusions:  Sibling relationship quality clusters in families and is partly explained by maternal affective climate. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02484.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Commentary: Are siblings birds of a feather? – reflections on Jenkins et al. (2012) / Alison PIKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.630–631 Titre : Commentary: Are siblings birds of a feather? – reflections on Jenkins et al. (2012) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alison PIKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.630–631 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02536.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Commentary: Are siblings birds of a feather? – reflections on Jenkins et al. (2012) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alison PIKE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.630–631. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.630–631 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02536.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

The timing of maternal depressive symptoms and child cognitive development: a longitudinal study / Jonathan P. EVANS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.632–640 Titre : The timing of maternal depressive symptoms and child cognitive development: a longitudinal study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonathan P. EVANS, Auteur ; Roberto MELOTTI, Auteur ; Jon HERON, Auteur ; Paul G. RAMCHANDANI, Auteur ; Nicola WILES, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Alan STEIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.632–640 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Perinatal  maternal depression  child development  depression  intelligence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Maternal depression is known to be associated with impairments in child cognitive development, although the effect of timing of exposure to maternal depression is unclear. Methods:  Data collected for the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a longitudinal study beginning in pregnancy, included self-report measures of maternal depression the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, completed on 6 occasions up to 3 years of age, and IQ of the index child (WISC) measured at aged 8 years. We used these data to assign women to 8 groups according to whether depression occurred in the antenatal, postnatal, preschool period, any combination of these times, or not at all. We compared a model comprising all patterns of depression (saturated model) with models nested within this to test whether there is a relationship between depression and child cognitive development and, if so, whether there is a sensitive period. We then investigated the relationship with child IQ for each model, following adjustment for confounders. Results:  Six thousand seven hundred and thirty-five of 13,615 children from singleton births (49.5%, of eligible core sample) attended a research clinic at 8 years and completed a WISC with a score ≥ 70. A total of 5,029 mothers of these children had completed mood assessments over the 3 time periods. In unadjusted analyses, all three sensitive period models were as good as the saturated model, as was an accumulation model. Of the sensitive period models, only that for antenatal exposure was a consistently better fit than the accumulation model. After multiple imputation for missing data (to n = 6,735), there was no effect of postnatal depression on child IQ independent of depression at other times [−0.19 IQ points, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.5 to 1.1 points]. There was an effect of antenatal depression (−3.19 IQ points, 95% CI: −4.33 to −2.06) which attenuated following adjustment (−0.64 IQ points, 95% CI: −1.68 to 0.40). Conclusions:  The postnatal period is not a sensitive one for the effect of maternal depression on child cognitive development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02513.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] The timing of maternal depressive symptoms and child cognitive development: a longitudinal study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonathan P. EVANS, Auteur ; Roberto MELOTTI, Auteur ; Jon HERON, Auteur ; Paul G. RAMCHANDANI, Auteur ; Nicola WILES, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Alan STEIN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.632–640. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.632–640 Mots-clés : Perinatal  maternal depression  child development  depression  intelligence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Maternal depression is known to be associated with impairments in child cognitive development, although the effect of timing of exposure to maternal depression is unclear. Methods:  Data collected for the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a longitudinal study beginning in pregnancy, included self-report measures of maternal depression the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, completed on 6 occasions up to 3 years of age, and IQ of the index child (WISC) measured at aged 8 years. We used these data to assign women to 8 groups according to whether depression occurred in the antenatal, postnatal, preschool period, any combination of these times, or not at all. We compared a model comprising all patterns of depression (saturated model) with models nested within this to test whether there is a relationship between depression and child cognitive development and, if so, whether there is a sensitive period. We then investigated the relationship with child IQ for each model, following adjustment for confounders. Results:  Six thousand seven hundred and thirty-five of 13,615 children from singleton births (49.5%, of eligible core sample) attended a research clinic at 8 years and completed a WISC with a score ≥ 70. A total of 5,029 mothers of these children had completed mood assessments over the 3 time periods. In unadjusted analyses, all three sensitive period models were as good as the saturated model, as was an accumulation model. Of the sensitive period models, only that for antenatal exposure was a consistently better fit than the accumulation model. After multiple imputation for missing data (to n = 6,735), there was no effect of postnatal depression on child IQ independent of depression at other times [−0.19 IQ points, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.5 to 1.1 points]. There was an effect of antenatal depression (−3.19 IQ points, 95% CI: −4.33 to −2.06) which attenuated following adjustment (−0.64 IQ points, 95% CI: −1.68 to 0.40). Conclusions:  The postnatal period is not a sensitive one for the effect of maternal depression on child cognitive development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02513.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Attention across modalities as a longitudinal predictor of early outcomes: the case of fragile X syndrome / Gaia SCERIF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.641–650 Titre : Attention across modalities as a longitudinal predictor of early outcomes: the case of fragile X syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Elena LONGHI, Auteur ; Victoria COLE, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur ; Kim CORNISH, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.641–650 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fragile X syndrome  attention deficits  longitudinal predictors of outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an early diagnosed monogenic disorder, associated with a striking pattern of cognitive/attentional difficulties and a high risk of poor behavioural outcomes. FXS therefore represents an ideal model disorder to study prospectively the impact of early attention deficits on behaviour. Methods:  Thirty-seven boys with FXS aged 4–10 years and 74 typically developing (TD) boys took part. Study 1 was designed to assess visual and auditory attention at two time-points, 1 year apart. Study 2 investigated attention to multimodal information. Both tested attention markers as longitudinal predictors of risk for poor behaviour in FXS. Results:  Children with FXS attended less well than mental-age matched TD boys and experienced greater difficulties with auditory compared to visual stimuli. In addition, unlike TD children, they did not benefit from multimodal information. Attention markers were significant predictors of later behavioural difficulties in boys with FXS. Conclusions:  Findings demonstrate, for the first time, greater difficulties with auditory attention and atypical processing of multimodal information, in addition to pervasive global attentional difficulties in boys with FXS. Attention predicted outcomes longitudinally, underscoring the need to dissect what drives differing developmental trajectories for individual children within a seemingly homogeneous group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02515.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Attention across modalities as a longitudinal predictor of early outcomes: the case of fragile X syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Elena LONGHI, Auteur ; Victoria COLE, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur ; Kim CORNISH, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.641–650. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.641–650 Mots-clés : Fragile X syndrome  attention deficits  longitudinal predictors of outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an early diagnosed monogenic disorder, associated with a striking pattern of cognitive/attentional difficulties and a high risk of poor behavioural outcomes. FXS therefore represents an ideal model disorder to study prospectively the impact of early attention deficits on behaviour. Methods:  Thirty-seven boys with FXS aged 4–10 years and 74 typically developing (TD) boys took part. Study 1 was designed to assess visual and auditory attention at two time-points, 1 year apart. Study 2 investigated attention to multimodal information. Both tested attention markers as longitudinal predictors of risk for poor behaviour in FXS. Results:  Children with FXS attended less well than mental-age matched TD boys and experienced greater difficulties with auditory compared to visual stimuli. In addition, unlike TD children, they did not benefit from multimodal information. Attention markers were significant predictors of later behavioural difficulties in boys with FXS. Conclusions:  Findings demonstrate, for the first time, greater difficulties with auditory attention and atypical processing of multimodal information, in addition to pervasive global attentional difficulties in boys with FXS. Attention predicted outcomes longitudinally, underscoring the need to dissect what drives differing developmental trajectories for individual children within a seemingly homogeneous group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02515.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects / Christina SCHWENCK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.651–659 Titre : Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christina SCHWENCK, Auteur ; Julia MERGENTHALER, Auteur ; Katharina KELLER, Auteur ; Julie ZECH, Auteur ; Sarah SALEHI, Auteur ; Regina TAURINES, Auteur ; Marcel ROMANOS, Auteur ; Martin SCHECKELMANN, Auteur ; Wolfgang SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Andreas WARNKE, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.651–659 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Empathy  autism spectrum disorder  conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A deficit in empathy is discussed to underlie difficulties in social interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD). To date, no study has compared children with ASD and different subtypes of CD to describe disorder-specific empathy profiles in clinical samples. Furthermore, little is known about age influences on the development of empathic skills. The aim of the current study was to compare cognitive and emotional empathy in different age groups of children with ASD, CD with elevated or low callous-unemotional-traits (CU+ vs. CU−) and a matched control group (CG). Methods:  Fifty-five boys with ASD, 36 boys with CD-CU+, 34 boys with CD-CU− and 67 controls were included. The study implemented three tasks on emotion recognition, perspective taking and emotional affection induced by another person’s situation. Multivariate Analysis of variance with the factors group and age (median split) including their interaction term was performed to describe disorder-specific profiles. Results:  Empathy profiles showed differential impairment in children with ASD and CD-CU+. Boys with ASD were impaired in cognitive empathy while participants with CD-CU+ were impaired in emotional empathy. Children with CD-CU− did not differ from the CG. However, boys with CD-CU− were less emotionally reactive in response to film stimuli than children with ASD. Furthermore, we found strong age effects indicating an increase in cognitive and affective empathic skills beyond early infancy in all groups. Conclusions:  In this study, distinct empathic profiles in children with ASD and CD-CU+ were found. Furthermore, the work demonstrates improvement of empathic skills throughout childhood and adolescence, which is comparable for individuals with psychiatric disorders and control children. These results yield implications for further research as well as for therapeutic interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02499.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christina SCHWENCK, Auteur ; Julia MERGENTHALER, Auteur ; Katharina KELLER, Auteur ; Julie ZECH, Auteur ; Sarah SALEHI, Auteur ; Regina TAURINES, Auteur ; Marcel ROMANOS, Auteur ; Martin SCHECKELMANN, Auteur ; Wolfgang SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Andreas WARNKE, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.651–659. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.651–659 Mots-clés : Empathy  autism spectrum disorder  conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A deficit in empathy is discussed to underlie difficulties in social interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD). To date, no study has compared children with ASD and different subtypes of CD to describe disorder-specific empathy profiles in clinical samples. Furthermore, little is known about age influences on the development of empathic skills. The aim of the current study was to compare cognitive and emotional empathy in different age groups of children with ASD, CD with elevated or low callous-unemotional-traits (CU+ vs. CU−) and a matched control group (CG). Methods:  Fifty-five boys with ASD, 36 boys with CD-CU+, 34 boys with CD-CU− and 67 controls were included. The study implemented three tasks on emotion recognition, perspective taking and emotional affection induced by another person’s situation. Multivariate Analysis of variance with the factors group and age (median split) including their interaction term was performed to describe disorder-specific profiles. Results:  Empathy profiles showed differential impairment in children with ASD and CD-CU+. Boys with ASD were impaired in cognitive empathy while participants with CD-CU+ were impaired in emotional empathy. Children with CD-CU− did not differ from the CG. However, boys with CD-CU− were less emotionally reactive in response to film stimuli than children with ASD. Furthermore, we found strong age effects indicating an increase in cognitive and affective empathic skills beyond early infancy in all groups. Conclusions:  In this study, distinct empathic profiles in children with ASD and CD-CU+ were found. Furthermore, the work demonstrates improvement of empathic skills throughout childhood and adolescence, which is comparable for individuals with psychiatric disorders and control children. These results yield implications for further research as well as for therapeutic interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02499.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Double trouble? The effects of sleep deprivation and chronotype on adolescent affect / Natasha DAGYS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.660–667 Titre : Double trouble? The effects of sleep deprivation and chronotype on adolescent affect Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natasha DAGYS, Auteur ; Eleanor L. MCGLINCHEY, Auteur ; Lisa S. TALBOT, Auteur ; Katherine A. KAPLAN, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Allison G. HARVEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.660–667 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  circadian rhythm  emotion  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Two understudied risk factors that have been linked to emotional difficulties in adolescence are chronotype and sleep deprivation. This study extended past research by using an experimental design to investigate the role of sleep deprivation and chronotype on emotion in adolescents. It was hypothesized that sleep deprivation and an evening chronotype would be associated with decreased positive affect (PA), increased negative affect (NA), and lower positivity ratios. Methods:  Forty-seven healthy adolescents (aged 10–15 for girls, 11–16 for boys) participated in a sleep deprivation and a rested condition. A subsample of 24 adolescents was selected on the basis of extreme morningness or eveningness scores (based on outer quartiles of scores on the Children’s Morningness-Eveningness Preferences Scale). PA and NA were measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, and positivity ratios were calculated by dividing PA by NA. Results:  Participants reported less positive affect and lower positivity ratios when sleep deprived, relative to when rested. Evening chronotypes reported less positive affect and lower positivity ratios than morning chronotypes in both rested and sleep deprivation conditions. Conclusions:  These findings extend previous research by suggesting that adolescents are adversely impacted by sleep deprivation, and that an evening chronotype might serve as a useful marker of emotional vulnerability. Early intervention and prevention strategies can focus on improving sleep and on using chronotherapy principles to reduce eveningness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02502.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Double trouble? The effects of sleep deprivation and chronotype on adolescent affect [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natasha DAGYS, Auteur ; Eleanor L. MCGLINCHEY, Auteur ; Lisa S. TALBOT, Auteur ; Katherine A. KAPLAN, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Allison G. HARVEY, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.660–667. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.660–667 Mots-clés : Adolescence  circadian rhythm  emotion  sleep Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Two understudied risk factors that have been linked to emotional difficulties in adolescence are chronotype and sleep deprivation. This study extended past research by using an experimental design to investigate the role of sleep deprivation and chronotype on emotion in adolescents. It was hypothesized that sleep deprivation and an evening chronotype would be associated with decreased positive affect (PA), increased negative affect (NA), and lower positivity ratios. Methods:  Forty-seven healthy adolescents (aged 10–15 for girls, 11–16 for boys) participated in a sleep deprivation and a rested condition. A subsample of 24 adolescents was selected on the basis of extreme morningness or eveningness scores (based on outer quartiles of scores on the Children’s Morningness-Eveningness Preferences Scale). PA and NA were measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, and positivity ratios were calculated by dividing PA by NA. Results:  Participants reported less positive affect and lower positivity ratios when sleep deprived, relative to when rested. Evening chronotypes reported less positive affect and lower positivity ratios than morning chronotypes in both rested and sleep deprivation conditions. Conclusions:  These findings extend previous research by suggesting that adolescents are adversely impacted by sleep deprivation, and that an evening chronotype might serve as a useful marker of emotional vulnerability. Early intervention and prevention strategies can focus on improving sleep and on using chronotherapy principles to reduce eveningness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02502.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Unraveling the effect of genes and environment in the transmission of parental antisocial behavior to children’s conduct disturbance, depression and hyperactivity / Judy L. SILBERG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.668–677 Titre : Unraveling the effect of genes and environment in the transmission of parental antisocial behavior to children’s conduct disturbance, depression and hyperactivity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judy L. SILBERG, Auteur ; Hermine H. MAES, Auteur ; Lindon J. EAVES, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.668–677 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Children of twins  parental antisocial behavior  juvenile depression  conduct disturbance  hyperactivity  genetic risk  family environment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A critical issue in devising effective interventions for the treatment of children’s behavioral and emotional problems identifying genuine family environmental factors that place children at risk. In most twin and family studies, environmental factors are confounded with both direct genetic risk from parents and the indirect effect of genes influencing parents’ ability to provide an optimal rearing environment. The present study was undertaken to determine whether parental psychopathology, specifically parental antisocial behavior (ASP), is a genuine environmental risk factor for juvenile conduct disturbance, depression and hyperactivity, or whether the association between parental ASP and children’s behavioral and emotional problems can be explained as a secondary consequence of the intergenerational transmission of genetic factors. Methods:  An extended children of twins design comprised of data collected on 2,674 adult female and male twins, their spouses, and 2,454 of their children was used to test whether genetic and/or family environmental factors best accounted for the association between parental antisocial behavior and children’s behavioral problems. An age-matched sample of 2,826 juvenile twin pairs from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development was also included to examine developmental differences in gene expression by partitioning child-specific transmissible effects from those effects that persist into adulthood. The fit of alternative models was evaluated using the statistical program Mx. Results:  We found distinct patterns of transmission between parental antisocial behavior and juvenile conduct, depression and hyperactivity. Genetic and family environmental factors accounted for the resemblance between parents’ ASP and children’s conduct disturbance. Family environmental factors alone explained the association between child depression and parental ASP, and the impact of parental ASP on hyperactivity was entirely genetic. Conclusions:  These findings underscore differences in the contribution of genetic and environmental factors on the patterns of association between parental antisocial behavior and juvenile psychopathology, having important clinical implications for the prevention and amelioration of child behavioral and emotional problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02494.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Unraveling the effect of genes and environment in the transmission of parental antisocial behavior to children’s conduct disturbance, depression and hyperactivity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judy L. SILBERG, Auteur ; Hermine H. MAES, Auteur ; Lindon J. EAVES, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.668–677. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.668–677 Mots-clés : Children of twins  parental antisocial behavior  juvenile depression  conduct disturbance  hyperactivity  genetic risk  family environment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A critical issue in devising effective interventions for the treatment of children’s behavioral and emotional problems identifying genuine family environmental factors that place children at risk. In most twin and family studies, environmental factors are confounded with both direct genetic risk from parents and the indirect effect of genes influencing parents’ ability to provide an optimal rearing environment. The present study was undertaken to determine whether parental psychopathology, specifically parental antisocial behavior (ASP), is a genuine environmental risk factor for juvenile conduct disturbance, depression and hyperactivity, or whether the association between parental ASP and children’s behavioral and emotional problems can be explained as a secondary consequence of the intergenerational transmission of genetic factors. Methods:  An extended children of twins design comprised of data collected on 2,674 adult female and male twins, their spouses, and 2,454 of their children was used to test whether genetic and/or family environmental factors best accounted for the association between parental antisocial behavior and children’s behavioral problems. An age-matched sample of 2,826 juvenile twin pairs from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development was also included to examine developmental differences in gene expression by partitioning child-specific transmissible effects from those effects that persist into adulthood. The fit of alternative models was evaluated using the statistical program Mx. Results:  We found distinct patterns of transmission between parental antisocial behavior and juvenile conduct, depression and hyperactivity. Genetic and family environmental factors accounted for the resemblance between parents’ ASP and children’s conduct disturbance. Family environmental factors alone explained the association between child depression and parental ASP, and the impact of parental ASP on hyperactivity was entirely genetic. Conclusions:  These findings underscore differences in the contribution of genetic and environmental factors on the patterns of association between parental antisocial behavior and juvenile psychopathology, having important clinical implications for the prevention and amelioration of child behavioral and emotional problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02494.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Isolating neural components of threat bias in pediatric anxiety / Jennifer C. BRITTON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.678–686 Titre : Isolating neural components of threat bias in pediatric anxiety Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer C. BRITTON, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Frederick W. CARVER, Auteur ; Tom HOLROYD, Auteur ; Maxine A. NORCROSS, Auteur ; Allison DETLOFF, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.678–686 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : magnetoencephalography  ventrolateral prefrontal cortex  attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Attention biases toward threat are often detected in individuals with anxiety disorders. Threat biases can be measured experimentally through dot-probe paradigms, in which individuals detect a probe following a stimulus pair including a threat. On these tasks, individuals with anxiety tend to detect probes that occur in a location previously occupied by a threat (i.e., congruent) faster than when opposite threats (i.e., incongruent). In pediatric anxiety disorders, dot-probe paradigms detect abnormal attention biases toward threat and abnormal ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) function. However, it remains unclear if this aberrant vlPFC activation occurs while subjects process threats (e.g., angry faces) or, alternatively, while they process and respond to probes. This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study was designed to answer this question. Methods:  Adolescents with either generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, n = 17) or no psychiatric diagnosis (n = 25) performed a dot-probe task involving angry and neutral faces while MEG data were collected. Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry (SAM) beamformer technique was used to determine whether there were group differences in power ratios while subjects processed threats (i.e., angry vs. neutral faces) or when subjects responded to incongruent versus. congruent probes. Results:  Group differences in vlPFC activation during the response period emerged with a 1–30 Hz frequency band. No group differences in vlPFC activation were detected in response to angry-face cues. Conclusions:  In the dot-probe task, anxiety-related perturbations in vlPFC activation reflect abnormal attention control when responding to behaviorally relevant probes, but not to angry faces. Given that motor responses to these probes are used to calculate threat bias, this study provides insight into the pathophysiology reflected in this commonly used marker of anxiety. In addition, this finding may inform the development of novel anxiety-disorder treatments targeting the vlPFC to enhance attention control to task-relevant demands. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02503.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Isolating neural components of threat bias in pediatric anxiety [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer C. BRITTON, Auteur ; Yair BAR-HAIM, Auteur ; Frederick W. CARVER, Auteur ; Tom HOLROYD, Auteur ; Maxine A. NORCROSS, Auteur ; Allison DETLOFF, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Monique ERNST, Auteur ; Daniel Samuel PINE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.678–686. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.678–686 Mots-clés : magnetoencephalography  ventrolateral prefrontal cortex  attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Attention biases toward threat are often detected in individuals with anxiety disorders. Threat biases can be measured experimentally through dot-probe paradigms, in which individuals detect a probe following a stimulus pair including a threat. On these tasks, individuals with anxiety tend to detect probes that occur in a location previously occupied by a threat (i.e., congruent) faster than when opposite threats (i.e., incongruent). In pediatric anxiety disorders, dot-probe paradigms detect abnormal attention biases toward threat and abnormal ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) function. However, it remains unclear if this aberrant vlPFC activation occurs while subjects process threats (e.g., angry faces) or, alternatively, while they process and respond to probes. This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study was designed to answer this question. Methods:  Adolescents with either generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, n = 17) or no psychiatric diagnosis (n = 25) performed a dot-probe task involving angry and neutral faces while MEG data were collected. Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry (SAM) beamformer technique was used to determine whether there were group differences in power ratios while subjects processed threats (i.e., angry vs. neutral faces) or when subjects responded to incongruent versus. congruent probes. Results:  Group differences in vlPFC activation during the response period emerged with a 1–30 Hz frequency band. No group differences in vlPFC activation were detected in response to angry-face cues. Conclusions:  In the dot-probe task, anxiety-related perturbations in vlPFC activation reflect abnormal attention control when responding to behaviorally relevant probes, but not to angry faces. Given that motor responses to these probes are used to calculate threat bias, this study provides insight into the pathophysiology reflected in this commonly used marker of anxiety. In addition, this finding may inform the development of novel anxiety-disorder treatments targeting the vlPFC to enhance attention control to task-relevant demands. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02503.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Prevalence and mental health outcomes of homicide survivors in a representative US sample of adolescents: data from the 2005 National Survey of Adolescents / Alyssa A. RHEINGOLD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.687–694 Titre : Prevalence and mental health outcomes of homicide survivors in a representative US sample of adolescents: data from the 2005 National Survey of Adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alyssa A. RHEINGOLD, Auteur ; Heidi M. ZINZOW, Auteur ; Alesia HAWKINS, Auteur ; Benjamin E. SAUNDERS, Auteur ; Dean G. KILPATRICK, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.687–694 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Homicide survivors  adolescents  mental health  prevalence  posttraumatic stress disorder  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Each homicide leaves behind several friends and family members, or homicide survivors. However, limited information is available on the impact of homicide on adolescent survivors. The purpose of the current study was to identify the prevalence of homicide survivorship and to determine mental health outcomes within a sample of US adolescent survivors. Methods:  A nationally representative sample of American adolescents (N = 3,614) between the ages of 12 and 17 completed structured telephone interviews assessing homicide survivorship and mental health consequences including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, drug use, and alcohol abuse. Results:  Reported prevalence within this sample of losing a loved one to criminal homicide was 9%, losing a loved one to vehicular homicide was 7%, and losing a loved one to both types of homicide was 2%. Logistic regression analyses found that adolescents who reported being homicide survivors were significantly more likely to report depression, drug use, and alcohol abuse after controlling for demographic factors and other violence exposure. Conclusions:  If the results from this study are generalizable to the US population, roughly 1 in 5 American adolescents may be impacted by homicide. Further, adolescents exposed to such a loss are at increased risk for mental health sequelae. Results suggest that greater attention needs to be paid to address the needs of these often underserved victims. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02491.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Prevalence and mental health outcomes of homicide survivors in a representative US sample of adolescents: data from the 2005 National Survey of Adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alyssa A. RHEINGOLD, Auteur ; Heidi M. ZINZOW, Auteur ; Alesia HAWKINS, Auteur ; Benjamin E. SAUNDERS, Auteur ; Dean G. KILPATRICK, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.687–694. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.687–694 Mots-clés : Homicide survivors  adolescents  mental health  prevalence  posttraumatic stress disorder  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Each homicide leaves behind several friends and family members, or homicide survivors. However, limited information is available on the impact of homicide on adolescent survivors. The purpose of the current study was to identify the prevalence of homicide survivorship and to determine mental health outcomes within a sample of US adolescent survivors. Methods:  A nationally representative sample of American adolescents (N = 3,614) between the ages of 12 and 17 completed structured telephone interviews assessing homicide survivorship and mental health consequences including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, drug use, and alcohol abuse. Results:  Reported prevalence within this sample of losing a loved one to criminal homicide was 9%, losing a loved one to vehicular homicide was 7%, and losing a loved one to both types of homicide was 2%. Logistic regression analyses found that adolescents who reported being homicide survivors were significantly more likely to report depression, drug use, and alcohol abuse after controlling for demographic factors and other violence exposure. Conclusions:  If the results from this study are generalizable to the US population, roughly 1 in 5 American adolescents may be impacted by homicide. Further, adolescents exposed to such a loss are at increased risk for mental health sequelae. Results suggest that greater attention needs to be paid to address the needs of these often underserved victims. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02491.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers / Lars WICHSTROM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.695–705 Titre : Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lars WICHSTROM, Auteur ; Turid Suzanne BERG-NIELSEN, Auteur ; Adrian ANGOLD, Auteur ; Helen Link EGGER, Auteur ; Elisabet SOLHEIM, Auteur ; Trude Hamre SVEEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.695–705 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Diagnostic interview  ADHD  oppositional defiant disorder  conduct disorder  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Many disorders in childhood and adolescence were already present in the preschool years. However, there is little empirical research on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young children. A true community study using structured diagnostic tools has yet to be published. Methods:  All children born in 2003 or 2004 in the city of Trondheim, Norway, who attended the regular community health check-up for 4-year-olds (97.2% of eligible children) whose parents consented to take part in the study (N = 2,475, 82.0%) were screened for behavioral and emotional problems with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A screen-stratified subsample of 1,250 children took part in a furthermore comprehensive study including a structured diagnostic interview (the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, PAPA), which 995 parents (79.6%) completed. Results:  The estimated population rate for any psychiatric disorder (excluding encopresis – 6.4%) was 7.1%. The most common disorders were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (1.9%), oppositional defiant disorder (1.8%), conduct disorder (0.7%), anxiety disorders (1.5%), and depressive disorders (2.0%). Comorbidity among disorders was common. More emotional and behavioral disorders were seen in children whose parents did not live together and in those of low socioeconomic status. Boys more often had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depressive disorders than girls. Conclusions:  The prevalence of disorders among preschoolers was lower than in previous studies from the USA. Comorbidity was frequent and there was a male preponderance in ADHD and depression at this early age. These results underscore the fact that the most common disorders of childhood can already be diagnosed in preschoolers. However, rates of disorder in Norway may be lower than in the USA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lars WICHSTROM, Auteur ; Turid Suzanne BERG-NIELSEN, Auteur ; Adrian ANGOLD, Auteur ; Helen Link EGGER, Auteur ; Elisabet SOLHEIM, Auteur ; Trude Hamre SVEEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.695–705. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.695–705 Mots-clés : Diagnostic interview  ADHD  oppositional defiant disorder  conduct disorder  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Many disorders in childhood and adolescence were already present in the preschool years. However, there is little empirical research on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young children. A true community study using structured diagnostic tools has yet to be published. Methods:  All children born in 2003 or 2004 in the city of Trondheim, Norway, who attended the regular community health check-up for 4-year-olds (97.2% of eligible children) whose parents consented to take part in the study (N = 2,475, 82.0%) were screened for behavioral and emotional problems with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A screen-stratified subsample of 1,250 children took part in a furthermore comprehensive study including a structured diagnostic interview (the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, PAPA), which 995 parents (79.6%) completed. Results:  The estimated population rate for any psychiatric disorder (excluding encopresis – 6.4%) was 7.1%. The most common disorders were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (1.9%), oppositional defiant disorder (1.8%), conduct disorder (0.7%), anxiety disorders (1.5%), and depressive disorders (2.0%). Comorbidity among disorders was common. More emotional and behavioral disorders were seen in children whose parents did not live together and in those of low socioeconomic status. Boys more often had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depressive disorders than girls. Conclusions:  The prevalence of disorders among preschoolers was lower than in previous studies from the USA. Comorbidity was frequent and there was a male preponderance in ADHD and depression at this early age. These results underscore the fact that the most common disorders of childhood can already be diagnosed in preschoolers. However, rates of disorder in Norway may be lower than in the USA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Shared genetic influences on ADHD symptoms and very low-frequency EEG activity: a twin study / Charlotte TYE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.706–715 Titre : Shared genetic influences on ADHD symptoms and very low-frequency EEG activity: a twin study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charlotte TYE, Auteur ; Frühling V. RIJSDIJK, Auteur ; Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Gráinne MCLOUGHLIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.706–715 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  very low-frequency activity  endophenotype  genetics  heritability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex aetiology. The identification of candidate intermediate phenotypes that are both heritable and genetically linked to ADHD may facilitate the detection of susceptibility genes and elucidate aetiological pathways. Very low-frequency (VLF; <0.5 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) activity represents a promising indicator of risk for ADHD, but it currently remains unclear as to whether it is heritable or genetically linked to the disorder. Methods:  Direct-current (DC)-EEG was recorded during a cognitive activation condition in 30 monozygotic and dizygotic adolescent twin pairs concordant or discordant for high ADHD symptom scores, and 37 monozygotic and dizygotic matched-control twin pairs with low ADHD symptom scores. Structural equation modelling was used to quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to the phenotypic covariance between ADHD and VLF activity. Results:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was significantly associated with reduced VLF power during cognitive activation, which suggests reduced synchronization of widespread neuronal activity. Very low-frequency power demonstrated modest heritability (0.31), and the genetic correlation (−0.80) indicated a substantial degree of overlap in genetic influences on ADHD and VLF activity. Conclusions:  Altered VLF activity is a potential candidate intermediate phenotype of ADHD, which warrants further investigation of underlying neurobiological and genetic mechanisms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02501.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Shared genetic influences on ADHD symptoms and very low-frequency EEG activity: a twin study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charlotte TYE, Auteur ; Frühling V. RIJSDIJK, Auteur ; Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Jonna KUNTSI, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Gráinne MCLOUGHLIN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.706–715. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.706–715 Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  very low-frequency activity  endophenotype  genetics  heritability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex aetiology. The identification of candidate intermediate phenotypes that are both heritable and genetically linked to ADHD may facilitate the detection of susceptibility genes and elucidate aetiological pathways. Very low-frequency (VLF; <0.5 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) activity represents a promising indicator of risk for ADHD, but it currently remains unclear as to whether it is heritable or genetically linked to the disorder. Methods:  Direct-current (DC)-EEG was recorded during a cognitive activation condition in 30 monozygotic and dizygotic adolescent twin pairs concordant or discordant for high ADHD symptom scores, and 37 monozygotic and dizygotic matched-control twin pairs with low ADHD symptom scores. Structural equation modelling was used to quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to the phenotypic covariance between ADHD and VLF activity. Results:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was significantly associated with reduced VLF power during cognitive activation, which suggests reduced synchronization of widespread neuronal activity. Very low-frequency power demonstrated modest heritability (0.31), and the genetic correlation (−0.80) indicated a substantial degree of overlap in genetic influences on ADHD and VLF activity. Conclusions:  Altered VLF activity is a potential candidate intermediate phenotype of ADHD, which warrants further investigation of underlying neurobiological and genetic mechanisms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02501.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

Childhood personality types: vulnerability and adaptation over time / Barbara DE CLERCQ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.716–722 Titre : Childhood personality types: vulnerability and adaptation over time Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Barbara DE CLERCQ, Auteur ; David RETTEW, Auteur ; Robert R. ALTHOFF, Auteur ; Marleen DE BOLLE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.716–722 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  personality  psychopathology  adaptation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Substantial evidence suggests that a Five-Factor Model personality assessment generates a valid description of childhood individual differences and relates to a range of psychological outcomes. Less is known, however, about naturally occurring profiles of personality and their links to psychopathology. The current study explores whether childhood personality characteristics tend to cluster in particular personality profiles that show unique associations with psychopathology and quality of life across time. Methods:  Latent class analysis was conducted on maternal rated general personality of a Flemish childhood community sample (N = 477; mean age 10.6 years). The associations of latent class membership probability with psychopathology and quality of life 2 years later were examined, using a multi-informant perspective. Results:  Four distinguishable latent classes were found, representing a Moderate, a Protected, an Undercontrolled and a Vulnerable childhood personality type. Each of these types showed unique associations with childhood outcomes across raters. Conclusions:  Four different personality types can be delineated at young age and have a significant value in understanding vulnerability and adaptation over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02512.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Childhood personality types: vulnerability and adaptation over time [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Barbara DE CLERCQ, Auteur ; David RETTEW, Auteur ; Robert R. ALTHOFF, Auteur ; Marleen DE BOLLE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.716–722. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.716–722 Mots-clés : Child  personality  psychopathology  adaptation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Substantial evidence suggests that a Five-Factor Model personality assessment generates a valid description of childhood individual differences and relates to a range of psychological outcomes. Less is known, however, about naturally occurring profiles of personality and their links to psychopathology. The current study explores whether childhood personality characteristics tend to cluster in particular personality profiles that show unique associations with psychopathology and quality of life across time. Methods:  Latent class analysis was conducted on maternal rated general personality of a Flemish childhood community sample (N = 477; mean age 10.6 years). The associations of latent class membership probability with psychopathology and quality of life 2 years later were examined, using a multi-informant perspective. Results:  Four distinguishable latent classes were found, representing a Moderate, a Protected, an Undercontrolled and a Vulnerable childhood personality type. Each of these types showed unique associations with childhood outcomes across raters. Conclusions:  Four different personality types can be delineated at young age and have a significant value in understanding vulnerability and adaptation over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02512.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157