Dépouillements

Issue Information in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) Titre : Issue Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Issue Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique]. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1417 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Empathic Embarrassment Accuracy in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Noga ADLER in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.241-249 Titre : Empathic Embarrassment Accuracy in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noga ADLER, Auteur ; Jonathan DVASH, Auteur ; Simone G. SHAMAY-TSOORY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.241-249 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : empathic embarrassment  empathic embarrassment accuracy  empathy  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Empathic accuracy refers to the ability of perceivers to accurately share the emotions of protagonists. Using a novel task assessing embarrassment, the current study sought to compare levels of empathic embarrassment accuracy among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with those of matched controls. To assess empathic embarrassment accuracy, we compared the level of embarrassment experienced by protagonists to the embarrassment felt by participants while watching the protagonists. The results show that while the embarrassment ratings of participants and protagonists were highly matched among controls, individuals with ASD failed to exhibit this matching effect. Furthermore, individuals with ASD rated their embarrassment higher than controls when viewing themselves and protagonists on film, but not while performing the task itself. These findings suggest that individuals with ASD tend to have higher ratings of empathic embarrassment, perhaps due to difficulties in emotion regulation that may account for their impaired empathic accuracy and aberrant social behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1439 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Empathic Embarrassment Accuracy in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noga ADLER, Auteur ; Jonathan DVASH, Auteur ; Simone G. SHAMAY-TSOORY, Auteur . - p.241-249. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.241-249 Mots-clés : empathic embarrassment  empathic embarrassment accuracy  empathy  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Empathic accuracy refers to the ability of perceivers to accurately share the emotions of protagonists. Using a novel task assessing embarrassment, the current study sought to compare levels of empathic embarrassment accuracy among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with those of matched controls. To assess empathic embarrassment accuracy, we compared the level of embarrassment experienced by protagonists to the embarrassment felt by participants while watching the protagonists. The results show that while the embarrassment ratings of participants and protagonists were highly matched among controls, individuals with ASD failed to exhibit this matching effect. Furthermore, individuals with ASD rated their embarrassment higher than controls when viewing themselves and protagonists on film, but not while performing the task itself. These findings suggest that individuals with ASD tend to have higher ratings of empathic embarrassment, perhaps due to difficulties in emotion regulation that may account for their impaired empathic accuracy and aberrant social behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1439 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Exploring the Underdiagnosis and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Beijing / Xiang SUN in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.250-260 Titre : Exploring the Underdiagnosis and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Beijing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Zhixiang ZHANG, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.250-260 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  prevalence  screening  diagnosis  CAST  China Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies reported that the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) in mainland China is much lower than estimates from developed countries (around 1%). The aim of the study is to apply current screening and standardized diagnostic instruments to a Chinese population to establish a prevalence estimate of ASC in an undiagnosed population in mainland China. We followed the design development used previously in the UK published in 2009 by Baron-Cohen and colleagues. The Mandarin Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) was validated by screening primary school pupils (n?=?737 children age 6–10 years old) in Beijing and by conducting diagnostic assessments using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. The prevalence estimate was generated after adjusting and imputing for missing values using the inverse probability weighting. Response was high (97%). Using the UK cutoff (?15), CAST performance has 84% sensitivity and 96% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46, 98, and 96, 97, respectively). Six out of 103 children, not previously diagnosed, were found to the meet diagnostic criteria (8.5 after adjustment, 95% CI: 1.6, 15.4). The preliminary prevalence in an undiagnosed primary school population in mainland China was 119 per 10,000 (95% CI: 53, 265). The utility of CAST is acceptable as a screening instrument for ASC in large epidemiological studies in China. Using a comparable method, the preliminary prevalence estimate of ASC in mainland China is similar to that of those from developed countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Exploring the Underdiagnosis and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Beijing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Fiona E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Zhixiang ZHANG, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur . - p.250-260. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.250-260 Mots-clés : autism  prevalence  screening  diagnosis  CAST  China Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies reported that the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) in mainland China is much lower than estimates from developed countries (around 1%). The aim of the study is to apply current screening and standardized diagnostic instruments to a Chinese population to establish a prevalence estimate of ASC in an undiagnosed population in mainland China. We followed the design development used previously in the UK published in 2009 by Baron-Cohen and colleagues. The Mandarin Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) was validated by screening primary school pupils (n?=?737 children age 6–10 years old) in Beijing and by conducting diagnostic assessments using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. The prevalence estimate was generated after adjusting and imputing for missing values using the inverse probability weighting. Response was high (97%). Using the UK cutoff (?15), CAST performance has 84% sensitivity and 96% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46, 98, and 96, 97, respectively). Six out of 103 children, not previously diagnosed, were found to the meet diagnostic criteria (8.5 after adjustment, 95% CI: 1.6, 15.4). The preliminary prevalence in an undiagnosed primary school population in mainland China was 119 per 10,000 (95% CI: 53, 265). The utility of CAST is acceptable as a screening instrument for ASC in large epidemiological studies in China. Using a comparable method, the preliminary prevalence estimate of ASC in mainland China is similar to that of those from developed countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Childhood Facial Recognition Predicts Adolescent Symptom Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Mart L. J. M. EUSSEN in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.261-271 Titre : Childhood Facial Recognition Predicts Adolescent Symptom Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mart L. J. M. EUSSEN, Auteur ; Anneke LOUWERSE, Auteur ; Catherine M. HERBA, Auteur ; Arthur R. VAN GOOL, Auteur ; Fop VERHEIJ, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Kirstin GREAVES-LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.261-271 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : social cognition  face perception  neuropsychology  follow-up study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Limited accuracy and speed in facial recognition (FR) and in the identification of facial emotions (IFE) have been shown in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study aimed at evaluating the predictive value of atypicalities in FR and IFE for future symptom severity in children with ASD. Therefore we performed a seven-year follow-up study in 87 children with ASD. FR and IFE were assessed in childhood (T1: age 6–12) using the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks (ANT). Symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in childhood and again seven years later during adolescence (T2: age 12–19). Multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate whether FR and IFE in childhood predicted ASD symptom severity in adolescence, while controlling for ASD symptom severity in childhood. We found that more accurate FR significantly predicted lower adolescent ASD symptom severity scores (?R2 = .09), even when controlling for childhood ASD symptom severity. IFE was not a significant predictor of ASD symptom severity in adolescence. From these results it can be concluded, that in children with ASD the accuracy of FR in childhood is a relevant predictor of ASD symptom severity in adolescence. Test results on FR in children with ASD may have prognostic value regarding later symptom severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1443 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Childhood Facial Recognition Predicts Adolescent Symptom Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mart L. J. M. EUSSEN, Auteur ; Anneke LOUWERSE, Auteur ; Catherine M. HERBA, Auteur ; Arthur R. VAN GOOL, Auteur ; Fop VERHEIJ, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Kirstin GREAVES-LORD, Auteur . - p.261-271. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.261-271 Mots-clés : social cognition  face perception  neuropsychology  follow-up study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Limited accuracy and speed in facial recognition (FR) and in the identification of facial emotions (IFE) have been shown in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study aimed at evaluating the predictive value of atypicalities in FR and IFE for future symptom severity in children with ASD. Therefore we performed a seven-year follow-up study in 87 children with ASD. FR and IFE were assessed in childhood (T1: age 6–12) using the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks (ANT). Symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in childhood and again seven years later during adolescence (T2: age 12–19). Multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate whether FR and IFE in childhood predicted ASD symptom severity in adolescence, while controlling for ASD symptom severity in childhood. We found that more accurate FR significantly predicted lower adolescent ASD symptom severity scores (?R2 = .09), even when controlling for childhood ASD symptom severity. IFE was not a significant predictor of ASD symptom severity in adolescence. From these results it can be concluded, that in children with ASD the accuracy of FR in childhood is a relevant predictor of ASD symptom severity in adolescence. Test results on FR in children with ASD may have prognostic value regarding later symptom severity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1443 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Bisphenol A Exposure in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders / T. Peter STEIN in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.272-283 Titre : Bisphenol A Exposure in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. Peter STEIN, Auteur ; Margaret D. SCHLUTER, Auteur ; Robert A. STEER, Auteur ; Lining GUO, Auteur ; Xue MING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.272-283 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : bisphenol A (BPA)  autism spectrum disorders  glucuronidation  phthalates  plasticizers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is believed to involve genetic and environmental components. This study focused on the plasticizer, Bisphenol-A (BPA). The major pathway for BPA metabolism and excretion is via glucuronidation. To determine whether there was a relationship between BPA exposure and ASD, urine specimens were collected from 46 children with ASD and 52 controls. Free and total BPA concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry. The fraction glucuronidated was calculated from the difference. A metabolomics study was done to investigate metabolite distribution in the urine. (i) Most of the BPA excreted in the urine was as the glucuronide; (ii) about 20% of the ASD children had BPA levels beyond the 90th percentile (>50 ng/mL) of the frequency distribution for the total sample of 98 children; (iii) Mann–Whitney U tests and multiple regression analyses found significant differences (P?|0.30| between metabolite concentrations and total BPA was ?3 times greater with the ASD group than the controls (P??|0.30| for % bound BPA was ?15 times higher with ASD (P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1444 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Bisphenol A Exposure in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. Peter STEIN, Auteur ; Margaret D. SCHLUTER, Auteur ; Robert A. STEER, Auteur ; Lining GUO, Auteur ; Xue MING, Auteur . - p.272-283. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.272-283 Mots-clés : bisphenol A (BPA)  autism spectrum disorders  glucuronidation  phthalates  plasticizers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is believed to involve genetic and environmental components. This study focused on the plasticizer, Bisphenol-A (BPA). The major pathway for BPA metabolism and excretion is via glucuronidation. To determine whether there was a relationship between BPA exposure and ASD, urine specimens were collected from 46 children with ASD and 52 controls. Free and total BPA concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry. The fraction glucuronidated was calculated from the difference. A metabolomics study was done to investigate metabolite distribution in the urine. (i) Most of the BPA excreted in the urine was as the glucuronide; (ii) about 20% of the ASD children had BPA levels beyond the 90th percentile (>50 ng/mL) of the frequency distribution for the total sample of 98 children; (iii) Mann–Whitney U tests and multiple regression analyses found significant differences (P?|0.30| between metabolite concentrations and total BPA was ?3 times greater with the ASD group than the controls (P??|0.30| for % bound BPA was ?15 times higher with ASD (P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1444 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

The Action Observation System when Observing Hand Actions in Autism and Typical Development / Jennifer J. POKORNY in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.284-296 Titre : The Action Observation System when Observing Hand Actions in Autism and Typical Development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer J. POKORNY, Auteur ; Naomi V. HATT, Auteur ; Costanza COLOMBI, Auteur ; Giacomo VIVANTI, Auteur ; Sally J ROGERS, Auteur ; Susan M. RIVERA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.284-296 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : mirror neurons  fMRI  imitation  action understanding  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be in part due to difficulty perceiving and recognizing the actions of others. Evidence from imitation studies, which involves both observation and execution of an action, suggests differences, in individuals with ASD, between the ability to imitate goal-directed actions involving objects (transitive actions) and the ability to imitate actions that do not involve objects (intransitive actions). In the present study, we examined whether there were differences in how ASD adolescents encoded transitive and intransitive actions compared to typically developing (TD) adolescents, by having participants view videos of a hand reaching across a screen toward an object or to where an object would be while functional magnetic resonance images were collected. Analyses focused on areas within the action observation network (AON), which is activated during the observation of actions performed by others. We hypothesized that the AON would differentiate transitive from intransitive actions only in the ASD group. However, results revealed that object presence modulated activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus of the TD group, a differentiation that was not seen in the ASD group. Furthermore, there were no significant group differences between the TD and ASD groups in any of the conditions. This suggests that there is not a global deficit of the AON in individuals with ASD while observing transitive and intransitive actions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1445 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] The Action Observation System when Observing Hand Actions in Autism and Typical Development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer J. POKORNY, Auteur ; Naomi V. HATT, Auteur ; Costanza COLOMBI, Auteur ; Giacomo VIVANTI, Auteur ; Sally J ROGERS, Auteur ; Susan M. RIVERA, Auteur . - p.284-296. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.284-296 Mots-clés : mirror neurons  fMRI  imitation  action understanding  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be in part due to difficulty perceiving and recognizing the actions of others. Evidence from imitation studies, which involves both observation and execution of an action, suggests differences, in individuals with ASD, between the ability to imitate goal-directed actions involving objects (transitive actions) and the ability to imitate actions that do not involve objects (intransitive actions). In the present study, we examined whether there were differences in how ASD adolescents encoded transitive and intransitive actions compared to typically developing (TD) adolescents, by having participants view videos of a hand reaching across a screen toward an object or to where an object would be while functional magnetic resonance images were collected. Analyses focused on areas within the action observation network (AON), which is activated during the observation of actions performed by others. We hypothesized that the AON would differentiate transitive from intransitive actions only in the ASD group. However, results revealed that object presence modulated activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus of the TD group, a differentiation that was not seen in the ASD group. Furthermore, there were no significant group differences between the TD and ASD groups in any of the conditions. This suggests that there is not a global deficit of the AON in individuals with ASD while observing transitive and intransitive actions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1445 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Reduced Responsiveness to Social Provocation in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Isabella SCHNEIDER in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.297-306 Titre : Reduced Responsiveness to Social Provocation in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Isabella SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Christina REGENBOGEN, Auteur ; Nils KOHN, Auteur ; Florian D. ZEPF, Auteur ; Sarah BUBENZER-BUSCH, Auteur ; Frank SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Ruben C. GUR, Auteur ; Ute HABEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.297-306 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  aggression  electrodermal activity  provocation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in emotion processing and social interaction are prominent symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD has also been associated with aggressive tendencies towards self and others. The prevalence of aggressive behavior in this disorder, its etiology and its impact on social life are still unclear. This study investigated behavioral and physiological effects of social provocation in patients with ASD and healthy controls. We used a modified Taylor Aggression Paradigm in 24 high-functioning patients with ASD and 24 healthy controls. Participants were instructed to play against a fictitious human opponent. Money withdrawals toward the participant represented provocation and money deduction by the participant denoted aggressive behavior. Throughout the measurement, electrodermal activity (EDA) was recorded. Healthy controls showed higher aggressive responses to high provocation compared to low provocation, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the used procedure in eliciting aggression. Patients' responses were not influenced by the level of social provocation, although in both groups aggression was higher after lost compared to won trials. Physiologically, controls showed fewer but higher EDA amplitudes when responding aggressively, whereas patients displayed the opposite pattern of more but lower EDA amplitudes. The modified Taylor Aggression Paradigm successfully elicited aggression and revealed different behavioral and neurophysiological responses in patients and healthy controls. Patients' aggressive behavior as well as their physiological responses were less modulated by level of provocation compared to controls. Therapeutic attempts for patients might concentrate on improving empathic abilities and the understanding of social situations, including provocation and aggressive behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1446 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Reduced Responsiveness to Social Provocation in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Isabella SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Christina REGENBOGEN, Auteur ; Nils KOHN, Auteur ; Florian D. ZEPF, Auteur ; Sarah BUBENZER-BUSCH, Auteur ; Frank SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Ruben C. GUR, Auteur ; Ute HABEL, Auteur . - p.297-306. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.297-306 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  aggression  electrodermal activity  provocation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in emotion processing and social interaction are prominent symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD has also been associated with aggressive tendencies towards self and others. The prevalence of aggressive behavior in this disorder, its etiology and its impact on social life are still unclear. This study investigated behavioral and physiological effects of social provocation in patients with ASD and healthy controls. We used a modified Taylor Aggression Paradigm in 24 high-functioning patients with ASD and 24 healthy controls. Participants were instructed to play against a fictitious human opponent. Money withdrawals toward the participant represented provocation and money deduction by the participant denoted aggressive behavior. Throughout the measurement, electrodermal activity (EDA) was recorded. Healthy controls showed higher aggressive responses to high provocation compared to low provocation, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the used procedure in eliciting aggression. Patients' responses were not influenced by the level of social provocation, although in both groups aggression was higher after lost compared to won trials. Physiologically, controls showed fewer but higher EDA amplitudes when responding aggressively, whereas patients displayed the opposite pattern of more but lower EDA amplitudes. The modified Taylor Aggression Paradigm successfully elicited aggression and revealed different behavioral and neurophysiological responses in patients and healthy controls. Patients' aggressive behavior as well as their physiological responses were less modulated by level of provocation compared to controls. Therapeutic attempts for patients might concentrate on improving empathic abilities and the understanding of social situations, including provocation and aggressive behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1446 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

“Look who's talking!” Gaze Patterns for Implicit and Explicit Audio-Visual Speech Synchrony Detection in Children With High-Functioning Autism / Ruth B. GROSSMAN in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.307-316 Titre : “Look who's talking!” Gaze Patterns for Implicit and Explicit Audio-Visual Speech Synchrony Detection in Children With High-Functioning Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ruth B. GROSSMAN, Auteur ; Erin STEINHART, Auteur ; Teresa MITCHELL, Auteur ; William MCILVANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.307-316 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : face perception  audio-visual integration  high-functioning autism  eye tracking  mouth-directed gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Conversation requires integration of information from faces and voices to fully understand the speaker's message. To detect auditory-visual asynchrony of speech, listeners must integrate visual movements of the face, particularly the mouth, with auditory speech information. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may be less successful at such multisensory integration, despite their demonstrated preference for looking at the mouth region of a speaker. We showed participants (individuals with and without high-functioning autism (HFA) aged 8–19) a split-screen video of two identical individuals speaking side by side. Only one of the speakers was in synchrony with the corresponding audio track and synchrony switched between the two speakers every few seconds. Participants were asked to watch the video without further instructions (implicit condition) or to specifically watch the in-synch speaker (explicit condition). We recorded which part of the screen and face their eyes targeted. Both groups looked at the in-synch video significantly more with explicit instructions. However, participants with HFA looked at the in-synch video less than typically developing (TD) peers and did not increase their gaze time as much as TD participants in the explicit task. Importantly, the HFA group looked significantly less at the mouth than their TD peers, and significantly more at non-face regions of the image. There were no between-group differences for eye-directed gaze. Overall, individuals with HFA spend less time looking at the crucially important mouth region of the face during auditory-visual speech integration, which is maladaptive gaze behavior for this type of task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1447 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] “Look who's talking!” Gaze Patterns for Implicit and Explicit Audio-Visual Speech Synchrony Detection in Children With High-Functioning Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ruth B. GROSSMAN, Auteur ; Erin STEINHART, Auteur ; Teresa MITCHELL, Auteur ; William MCILVANE, Auteur . - p.307-316. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.307-316 Mots-clés : face perception  audio-visual integration  high-functioning autism  eye tracking  mouth-directed gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Conversation requires integration of information from faces and voices to fully understand the speaker's message. To detect auditory-visual asynchrony of speech, listeners must integrate visual movements of the face, particularly the mouth, with auditory speech information. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may be less successful at such multisensory integration, despite their demonstrated preference for looking at the mouth region of a speaker. We showed participants (individuals with and without high-functioning autism (HFA) aged 8–19) a split-screen video of two identical individuals speaking side by side. Only one of the speakers was in synchrony with the corresponding audio track and synchrony switched between the two speakers every few seconds. Participants were asked to watch the video without further instructions (implicit condition) or to specifically watch the in-synch speaker (explicit condition). We recorded which part of the screen and face their eyes targeted. Both groups looked at the in-synch video significantly more with explicit instructions. However, participants with HFA looked at the in-synch video less than typically developing (TD) peers and did not increase their gaze time as much as TD participants in the explicit task. Importantly, the HFA group looked significantly less at the mouth than their TD peers, and significantly more at non-face regions of the image. There were no between-group differences for eye-directed gaze. Overall, individuals with HFA spend less time looking at the crucially important mouth region of the face during auditory-visual speech integration, which is maladaptive gaze behavior for this type of task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1447 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Episodic Recollection Difficulties in ASD Result from Atypical Relational Encoding: Behavioral and Neural Evidence / Sebastian B. GAIGG in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.317-327 Titre : Episodic Recollection Difficulties in ASD Result from Atypical Relational Encoding: Behavioral and Neural Evidence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Beatriz CALVO-MERINO, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.317-327 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  relational memory  item memory  recollection  familiarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Memory functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in the encoding of relational but not item information and difficulties in the recollection of contextually rich episodic memories but not in the retrieval of relatively context-free memories through processes of familiarity. The neural underpinnings of this profile and the extent to which encoding difficulties contribute to retrieval difficulties in ASD remain unclear. Using a paradigm developed by Addis and McAndrews [2006; Neuroimage, 33, 1194–1206] we asked adults with and without a diagnosis of ASD to study word-triplets during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scanning that varied in the number of category relations amongst component words. Performance at test confirmed attenuated recollection in the context of preserved familiarity based retrieval in ASD. The results also showed that recollection but not familiarity based retrieval increases as a function of category relations in word triads for both groups, indicating a close link between the encoding of relational information and recollection. This link was further supported by the imaging results, where blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal responses in overlapping regions of the inferior prefrontal cortex were sensitive to the relational encoding manipulation as well as the contrast between recollection versus familiarity based retrieval. Interestingly, however, there was no evidence of prefrontal signal differentiation for this latter contrast in the ASD group for whom signal changes in a left hippocampal region were also marginally attenuated. Together, these observations suggest that attenuated levels of episodic recollection in ASD are, at least in part, attributable to anomalies in relational encoding processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1448 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Episodic Recollection Difficulties in ASD Result from Atypical Relational Encoding: Behavioral and Neural Evidence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Beatriz CALVO-MERINO, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur . - p.317-327. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.317-327 Mots-clés : autism  relational memory  item memory  recollection  familiarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Memory functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in the encoding of relational but not item information and difficulties in the recollection of contextually rich episodic memories but not in the retrieval of relatively context-free memories through processes of familiarity. The neural underpinnings of this profile and the extent to which encoding difficulties contribute to retrieval difficulties in ASD remain unclear. Using a paradigm developed by Addis and McAndrews [2006; Neuroimage, 33, 1194–1206] we asked adults with and without a diagnosis of ASD to study word-triplets during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scanning that varied in the number of category relations amongst component words. Performance at test confirmed attenuated recollection in the context of preserved familiarity based retrieval in ASD. The results also showed that recollection but not familiarity based retrieval increases as a function of category relations in word triads for both groups, indicating a close link between the encoding of relational information and recollection. This link was further supported by the imaging results, where blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal responses in overlapping regions of the inferior prefrontal cortex were sensitive to the relational encoding manipulation as well as the contrast between recollection versus familiarity based retrieval. Interestingly, however, there was no evidence of prefrontal signal differentiation for this latter contrast in the ASD group for whom signal changes in a left hippocampal region were also marginally attenuated. Together, these observations suggest that attenuated levels of episodic recollection in ASD are, at least in part, attributable to anomalies in relational encoding processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1448 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

Overlap Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Searching for Distinctive/Common Clinical Features / Francesco CRAIG in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.328-337 Titre : Overlap Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Searching for Distinctive/Common Clinical Features Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesco CRAIG, Auteur ; Anna Linda LAMANNA, Auteur ; Francesco MARGARI, Auteur ; Emilia MATERA, Auteur ; Marta SIMONE, Auteur ; Lucia MARGARI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.328-337 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  overlapping  intelligent quotient  emotional and behavior problems  ADHD symptoms  ASD symptoms  adaptive behaviors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies support several overlapping traits between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), assuming the existence of a combined phenotype. The aim of our study was to evaluate the common or distinctive clinical features between ASD and ADHD in order to identify possible different phenotypes that could have a clinical value. We enrolled 181 subjects divided into four diagnostic groups: ADHD group, ASD group, ASD+ADHD group (that met diagnostic criteria for both ASD and ADHD), and control group. Intelligent quotient (IQ), emotional and behavior problems, ADHD symptoms, ASD symptoms, and adaptive behaviors were investigated through the following test: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Leiter International Performances Scale Revised, Child Behavior Checklist, Conners' Rating Scales-Revised, SNAP-IV Rating Scale, the Social Communication Questionnaire, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. The ASD+ADHD group differs from ADHD or ASD in some domains such as lower IQ mean level and a higher autistic symptoms severity. However, the ASD+ADHD group shares inattention and hyperactivity deficit and some emotional and behavior problems with the ADHD group, while it shares adaptive behavior impairment with ASD group. These findings provide a new understanding of clinical manifestation of ASD+ADHD phenotype, they may also inform a novel treatment target. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1449 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261 [article] Overlap Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Searching for Distinctive/Common Clinical Features [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesco CRAIG, Auteur ; Anna Linda LAMANNA, Auteur ; Francesco MARGARI, Auteur ; Emilia MATERA, Auteur ; Marta SIMONE, Auteur ; Lucia MARGARI, Auteur . - p.328-337. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.328-337 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  overlapping  intelligent quotient  emotional and behavior problems  ADHD symptoms  ASD symptoms  adaptive behaviors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies support several overlapping traits between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), assuming the existence of a combined phenotype. The aim of our study was to evaluate the common or distinctive clinical features between ASD and ADHD in order to identify possible different phenotypes that could have a clinical value. We enrolled 181 subjects divided into four diagnostic groups: ADHD group, ASD group, ASD+ADHD group (that met diagnostic criteria for both ASD and ADHD), and control group. Intelligent quotient (IQ), emotional and behavior problems, ADHD symptoms, ASD symptoms, and adaptive behaviors were investigated through the following test: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Leiter International Performances Scale Revised, Child Behavior Checklist, Conners' Rating Scales-Revised, SNAP-IV Rating Scale, the Social Communication Questionnaire, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. The ASD+ADHD group differs from ADHD or ASD in some domains such as lower IQ mean level and a higher autistic symptoms severity. However, the ASD+ADHD group shares inattention and hyperactivity deficit and some emotional and behavior problems with the ADHD group, while it shares adaptive behavior impairment with ASD group. These findings provide a new understanding of clinical manifestation of ASD+ADHD phenotype, they may also inform a novel treatment target. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1449 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=261

A Pilot Proteomic Analysis of Salivary Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Armand G. NGOUNOU WETIE in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.338-350 Titre : A Pilot Proteomic Analysis of Salivary Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Armand G. NGOUNOU WETIE, Auteur ; Kelly L. WORMWOOD, Auteur ; Stefanie RUSSELL, Auteur ; Jeanne P. RYAN, Auteur ; Costel C. DARIE, Auteur ; Alisa G. WOODS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.338-350 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  proteomics  biomarker signature  early detection  diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is increasing, with current estimates at 1/68–1/50 individuals diagnosed with an ASD. Diagnosis is based on behavioral assessments. Early diagnosis and intervention is known to greatly improve functional outcomes in people with ASD. Diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis of ASD symptoms could be facilitated with biomarkers to complement behavioral assessments. Mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics may help reveal biomarkers for ASD. In this pilot study, we have analyzed the salivary proteome in individuals with ASD compared to neurotypical control subjects, using MS-based proteomics. Our goal is to optimize methods for salivary proteomic biomarker discovery and to identify initial putative biomarkers in people with ASDs. The salivary proteome is virtually unstudied in ASD, and saliva could provide an easily accessible biomaterial for analysis. Using nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we found statistically significant differences in several salivary proteins, including elevated prolactin-inducible protein, lactotransferrin, Ig kappa chain C region, Ig gamma-1 chain C region, Ig lambda-2 chain C regions, neutrophil elastase, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and deleted in malignant brain tumors 1. Our results indicate that this is an effective method for identification of salivary protein biomarkers, support the concept that immune system and gastrointestinal disturbances may be present in individuals with ASDs and point toward the need for larger studies in behaviorally-characterized individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1450 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=262 [article] A Pilot Proteomic Analysis of Salivary Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Armand G. NGOUNOU WETIE, Auteur ; Kelly L. WORMWOOD, Auteur ; Stefanie RUSSELL, Auteur ; Jeanne P. RYAN, Auteur ; Costel C. DARIE, Auteur ; Alisa G. WOODS, Auteur . - p.338-350. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.338-350 Mots-clés : ASD  proteomics  biomarker signature  early detection  diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is increasing, with current estimates at 1/68–1/50 individuals diagnosed with an ASD. Diagnosis is based on behavioral assessments. Early diagnosis and intervention is known to greatly improve functional outcomes in people with ASD. Diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis of ASD symptoms could be facilitated with biomarkers to complement behavioral assessments. Mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics may help reveal biomarkers for ASD. In this pilot study, we have analyzed the salivary proteome in individuals with ASD compared to neurotypical control subjects, using MS-based proteomics. Our goal is to optimize methods for salivary proteomic biomarker discovery and to identify initial putative biomarkers in people with ASDs. The salivary proteome is virtually unstudied in ASD, and saliva could provide an easily accessible biomaterial for analysis. Using nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we found statistically significant differences in several salivary proteins, including elevated prolactin-inducible protein, lactotransferrin, Ig kappa chain C region, Ig gamma-1 chain C region, Ig lambda-2 chain C regions, neutrophil elastase, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and deleted in malignant brain tumors 1. Our results indicate that this is an effective method for identification of salivary protein biomarkers, support the concept that immune system and gastrointestinal disturbances may be present in individuals with ASDs and point toward the need for larger studies in behaviorally-characterized individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1450 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=262

Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.351-354 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.351-354 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=262 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.351-354. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.351-354 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=262

International Society for Autism Research News in Autism Research, 8-3 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.355-355 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.355-355 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1513 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=262 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.355-355. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-3 (June 2015) . - p.355-355 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1513 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=262