Aberrant "deep connectivity" in autism: A cortico-subcortical functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study / Jose O. MAXIMO in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.384-400 Titre : Aberrant "deep connectivity" in autism: A cortico-subcortical functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jose O. MAXIMO, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.384-400 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  functional connectivity  subcortical  supramodal  unimodal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The number of studies examining functional brain networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has risen over the last decade and has characterized ASD as a disorder of altered brain connectivity. However, these studies have focused largely on cortical structures, and only a few studies have examined cortico-subcortical connectivity in regions like thalamus and basal ganglia in ASD. The goal of this study was to characterize the functional connectivity between cortex and subcortical regions in ASD using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE-II). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were used from 168 typically developing (TD) and 138 ASD participants across different sites from the ABIDE II dataset. Functional connectivity of basal ganglia and thalamus to unimodal and supramodal networks was examined in this study. Overconnectivity (ASD > TD) was found between unimodal (except for medial visual network) and subcortical regions, and underconnectivity (TD > ASD) was found between supramodal (except for default mode and dorsal attention networks) and subcortical regions; positive correlations between ASD phenotype and unimodal-subcortical connectivity were found and negative ones with supramodal-subcortical connectivity. These findings suggest that brain networks heavily involved in sensory processing had higher connectivity with subcortical regions, whereas those involved in higher-order thinking showed decreased connectivity in ASD. In addition, brain-behavior correlations indicated a relationship between ASD phenotype and connectivity. Thus, differences in cortico-subcortical connectivity may have a significant impact on basic and higher-order cognitive processes in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 384-400 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study focused on examining the functional connectivity (synchronization of brain activity across regions) of two types of brain networks (unimodal and supramodal) with subcortical areas (thalamus and basal ganglia) in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how this relates to ASD phenotype. ASD participants showed overconnectivity in unimodal networks and underconnectivity in supramodal networks. These findings provide new insights into cortico-subcortical connections between basic sensory and high-order cognitive processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2058 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Aberrant "deep connectivity" in autism: A cortico-subcortical functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study [texte imprimé] / Jose O. MAXIMO, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur . - p.384-400. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.384-400 Mots-clés : Asd  functional connectivity  subcortical  supramodal  unimodal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The number of studies examining functional brain networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has risen over the last decade and has characterized ASD as a disorder of altered brain connectivity. However, these studies have focused largely on cortical structures, and only a few studies have examined cortico-subcortical connectivity in regions like thalamus and basal ganglia in ASD. The goal of this study was to characterize the functional connectivity between cortex and subcortical regions in ASD using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE-II). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were used from 168 typically developing (TD) and 138 ASD participants across different sites from the ABIDE II dataset. Functional connectivity of basal ganglia and thalamus to unimodal and supramodal networks was examined in this study. Overconnectivity (ASD > TD) was found between unimodal (except for medial visual network) and subcortical regions, and underconnectivity (TD > ASD) was found between supramodal (except for default mode and dorsal attention networks) and subcortical regions; positive correlations between ASD phenotype and unimodal-subcortical connectivity were found and negative ones with supramodal-subcortical connectivity. These findings suggest that brain networks heavily involved in sensory processing had higher connectivity with subcortical regions, whereas those involved in higher-order thinking showed decreased connectivity in ASD. In addition, brain-behavior correlations indicated a relationship between ASD phenotype and connectivity. Thus, differences in cortico-subcortical connectivity may have a significant impact on basic and higher-order cognitive processes in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 384-400 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study focused on examining the functional connectivity (synchronization of brain activity across regions) of two types of brain networks (unimodal and supramodal) with subcortical areas (thalamus and basal ganglia) in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how this relates to ASD phenotype. ASD participants showed overconnectivity in unimodal networks and underconnectivity in supramodal networks. These findings provide new insights into cortico-subcortical connections between basic sensory and high-order cognitive processes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2058 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Aberrant functioning of the theory-of-mind network in children and adolescents with autism / Rajesh K. KANA in Molecular Autism, (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (October 2015) . - p.1-12 Titre : Aberrant functioning of the theory-of-mind network in children and adolescents with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur ; Jose O. MAXIMO, Auteur ; Diane L. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Timothy A. KELLER, Auteur ; Sarah E. SCHIPUL, Auteur ; Vladimir L. CHERKASSKY, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marcel Adam JUST, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-12 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Theory-of-mind (ToM), the ability to infer people’s thoughts and feelings, is a pivotal skill in effective social interactions. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been found to have altered ToM skills, which significantly impacts the quality of their social interactions. Neuroimaging studies have reported altered activation of the ToM cortical network, especially in adults with autism, yet little is known about the brain responses underlying ToM in younger individuals with ASD. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying ToM in high-functioning children and adolescents with ASD and matched typically developing (TD) peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=277 [article] Aberrant functioning of the theory-of-mind network in children and adolescents with autism [texte imprimé] / Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur ; Jose O. MAXIMO, Auteur ; Diane L. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Timothy A. KELLER, Auteur ; Sarah E. SCHIPUL, Auteur ; Vladimir L. CHERKASSKY, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marcel Adam JUST, Auteur . - p.1-12. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (October 2015) . - p.1-12 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Theory-of-mind (ToM), the ability to infer people’s thoughts and feelings, is a pivotal skill in effective social interactions. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been found to have altered ToM skills, which significantly impacts the quality of their social interactions. Neuroimaging studies have reported altered activation of the ToM cortical network, especially in adults with autism, yet little is known about the brain responses underlying ToM in younger individuals with ASD. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying ToM in high-functioning children and adolescents with ASD and matched typically developing (TD) peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-015-0052-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=277

Altered Medial Frontal and Superior Temporal Response to Implicit Processing of Emotions in Autism / Rajesh K. KANA in Autism Research, 9-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.55-66 Titre : Altered Medial Frontal and Superior Temporal Response to Implicit Processing of Emotions in Autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur ; Michelle A. PATRIQUIN, Auteur ; Briley S. BLACK, Auteur ; Marie M. CHANNELL, Auteur ; Bruno WICKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.55-66 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : implicit emotion  explicit emotion  fMRI  functional connectivity  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interpreting emotional expressions appropriately poses a challenge for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, difficulties with emotional processing in ASD are more pronounced in contexts where emotional expressions are subtle, automatic, and reflexive—that is, implicit. In contrast, explicit emotional processing, which requires the cognitive evaluation of an emotional experience, appears to be relatively intact in individuals with ASD. In the present study, we examined the brain activation and functional connectivity differences underlying explicit and implicit emotional processing in age- and IQ-matched adults with (n = 17) and without (n = 15) ASD. Results indicated: (1) significantly reduced levels of brain activation in participants with ASD in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) during implicit emotion processing; (2) significantly weaker functional connectivity in the ASD group in connections of the MPFC with the amygdala, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and fusiform gyrus; (3) No group difference in performance accuracy or reaction time; and (4) Significant positive relationship between empathizing ability and STG activity in ASD but not in typically developing participants. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying implicit, but not explicit, emotion processing may be altered at multiple levels in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1496 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Altered Medial Frontal and Superior Temporal Response to Implicit Processing of Emotions in Autism [texte imprimé] / Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur ; Michelle A. PATRIQUIN, Auteur ; Briley S. BLACK, Auteur ; Marie M. CHANNELL, Auteur ; Bruno WICKER, Auteur . - p.55-66. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.55-66 Mots-clés : implicit emotion  explicit emotion  fMRI  functional connectivity  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interpreting emotional expressions appropriately poses a challenge for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, difficulties with emotional processing in ASD are more pronounced in contexts where emotional expressions are subtle, automatic, and reflexive—that is, implicit. In contrast, explicit emotional processing, which requires the cognitive evaluation of an emotional experience, appears to be relatively intact in individuals with ASD. In the present study, we examined the brain activation and functional connectivity differences underlying explicit and implicit emotional processing in age- and IQ-matched adults with (n = 17) and without (n = 15) ASD. Results indicated: (1) significantly reduced levels of brain activation in participants with ASD in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) during implicit emotion processing; (2) significantly weaker functional connectivity in the ASD group in connections of the MPFC with the amygdala, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and fusiform gyrus; (3) No group difference in performance accuracy or reaction time; and (4) Significant positive relationship between empathizing ability and STG activity in ASD but not in typically developing participants. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying implicit, but not explicit, emotion processing may be altered at multiple levels in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1496 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state fMRI in autistic children / Kelly L. COBURN ; Meagan E. BECKERSON ; Rajesh K. KANA in Autism Research, 16-1 (January 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-1 (January 2023) . - p.84-98 Titre : Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state fMRI in autistic children Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kelly L. COBURN, Auteur ; Meagan E. BECKERSON, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.84-98 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) provides an excellent platform for examining the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which are key indices of brain functioning. However, ALFF and fALFF have been used only sporadically to study autism. rs-fMRI data from 69 children (40 autistic, mean age = 8.47 Â+ 2.20 years; age range: 5.2 to 13.2; and 29 non-autistic, mean age = 9.02 Â+ 1.97 years; age range 5.9 to 12.9) were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II). ALFF and fALFF were measured using CONN connectivity toolbox and SPM12, at whole-brain & network-levels. A two-sampled t-test and a 2 Group (autistic, non-autistic) × 7 Networks ANOVA were conducted to test group differences in ALFF and fALFF. The whole-brain analysis identified significantly reduced ALFF values for autistic participants in left parietal opercular cortex, precuneus, and right insula. At the network level, there was a significant effect of diagnostic group and brain network on ALFF values, and only significant effect of network, not group, on fALFF values. Regression analyses indicated a significant effect of age on ALFF values of certain networks in autistic participants. Such intrinsically different network-level responses in autistic participants may have implications for task-level recruitment and synchronization of brain areas, which may in turn impact optimal cognitive functioning. Moreover, differences in low frequency fluctuations of key networks, such as the DMN and SN, may underlie alterations in brain responses in autism that are frequently reported in the literature. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2846 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492 [article] Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state fMRI in autistic children [texte imprimé] / Kelly L. COBURN, Auteur ; Meagan E. BECKERSON, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur . - p.84-98. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-1 (January 2023) . - p.84-98 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) provides an excellent platform for examining the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which are key indices of brain functioning. However, ALFF and fALFF have been used only sporadically to study autism. rs-fMRI data from 69 children (40 autistic, mean age = 8.47 Â+ 2.20 years; age range: 5.2 to 13.2; and 29 non-autistic, mean age = 9.02 Â+ 1.97 years; age range 5.9 to 12.9) were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II). ALFF and fALFF were measured using CONN connectivity toolbox and SPM12, at whole-brain & network-levels. A two-sampled t-test and a 2 Group (autistic, non-autistic) × 7 Networks ANOVA were conducted to test group differences in ALFF and fALFF. The whole-brain analysis identified significantly reduced ALFF values for autistic participants in left parietal opercular cortex, precuneus, and right insula. At the network level, there was a significant effect of diagnostic group and brain network on ALFF values, and only significant effect of network, not group, on fALFF values. Regression analyses indicated a significant effect of age on ALFF values of certain networks in autistic participants. Such intrinsically different network-level responses in autistic participants may have implications for task-level recruitment and synchronization of brain areas, which may in turn impact optimal cognitive functioning. Moreover, differences in low frequency fluctuations of key networks, such as the DMN and SN, may underlie alterations in brain responses in autism that are frequently reported in the literature. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2846 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492

Autism as a Disorder of Functional Brain Activity / Rajesh K. KANA

Public ISBD in Autism Spectrum Disorders / David G. AMARAL Titre : Autism as a Disorder of Functional Brain Activity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur ; Marcel Adam JUST, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Importance : p.981-990 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : AUT-B AUT-B - L'Autisme - Ouvrages généraux et scientifiques Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=140 in Autism Spectrum Disorders / David G. AMARAL Autism as a Disorder of Functional Brain Activity [texte imprimé] / Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur ; Marcel Adam JUST, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.981-990. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : AUT-B AUT-B - L'Autisme - Ouvrages généraux et scientifiques Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=140

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