Atypical Face Perception in Autism: A Point of View? / Karine MORIN in Autism Research, 8-5 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-5 (October 2015) . - p.497-506 Titre : Atypical Face Perception in Autism: A Point of View? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karine MORIN, Auteur ; Jacalyn GUY, Auteur ; Claudine HABAK, Auteur ; Hugh R. WILSON, Auteur ; Linda PAGANI, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur ; Armando BERTONE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.497-506 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  face perception  local  global  synthetic faces  viewpoint change Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Face perception is the most commonly used visual metric of social perception in autism. However, when found to be atypical, the origin of face perception differences in autism is contentious. One hypothesis proposes that a locally oriented visual analysis, characteristic of individuals with autism, ultimately affects performance on face tasks where a global analysis is optimal. The objective of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis by assessing face identity discrimination with synthetic faces presented with and without changes in viewpoint, with the former condition minimizing access to local face attributes used for identity discrimination. Twenty-eight individuals with autism and 30 neurotypical participants performed a face identity discrimination task. Stimuli were synthetic faces extracted from traditional face photographs in both front and 20° side viewpoints, digitized from 37 points to provide a continuous measure of facial geometry. Face identity discrimination thresholds were obtained using a two-alternative, temporal forced choice match-to-sample paradigm. Analyses revealed an interaction between group and condition, with group differences found only for the viewpoint change condition, where performance in the autism group was decreased compared to that of neurotypical participants. The selective decrease in performance for the viewpoint change condition suggests that face identity discrimination in autism is more difficult when access to local cues is minimized, and/or when dependence on integrative analysis is increased. These results lend support to a perceptual contribution of atypical face perception in autism. Autism Res 2015, 8: 497–506. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1464 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270 [article] Atypical Face Perception in Autism: A Point of View? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karine MORIN, Auteur ; Jacalyn GUY, Auteur ; Claudine HABAK, Auteur ; Hugh R. WILSON, Auteur ; Linda PAGANI, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur ; Armando BERTONE, Auteur . - p.497-506. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-5 (October 2015) . - p.497-506 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  face perception  local  global  synthetic faces  viewpoint change Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Face perception is the most commonly used visual metric of social perception in autism. However, when found to be atypical, the origin of face perception differences in autism is contentious. One hypothesis proposes that a locally oriented visual analysis, characteristic of individuals with autism, ultimately affects performance on face tasks where a global analysis is optimal. The objective of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis by assessing face identity discrimination with synthetic faces presented with and without changes in viewpoint, with the former condition minimizing access to local face attributes used for identity discrimination. Twenty-eight individuals with autism and 30 neurotypical participants performed a face identity discrimination task. Stimuli were synthetic faces extracted from traditional face photographs in both front and 20° side viewpoints, digitized from 37 points to provide a continuous measure of facial geometry. Face identity discrimination thresholds were obtained using a two-alternative, temporal forced choice match-to-sample paradigm. Analyses revealed an interaction between group and condition, with group differences found only for the viewpoint change condition, where performance in the autism group was decreased compared to that of neurotypical participants. The selective decrease in performance for the viewpoint change condition suggests that face identity discrimination in autism is more difficult when access to local cues is minimized, and/or when dependence on integrative analysis is increased. These results lend support to a perceptual contribution of atypical face perception in autism. Autism Res 2015, 8: 497–506. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1464 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270

Effects of Poverty on Academic Failure and Delinquency in Boys: A Change and Process Model Approach / Linda PAGANI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40-8 (November 1999)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-8 (November 1999) . - p.1209-1219 Titre : Effects of Poverty on Academic Failure and Delinquency in Boys: A Change and Process Model Approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Linda PAGANI, Auteur ; Bernard BOULERICE, Auteur ; Frank VITARO, Auteur ; Richard E. TREMBLAY, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p.1209-1219 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADD/ADHD  aggression  executive function  intelligence  cognition  hyperactivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Using data from the Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Study, we examined the impact of poverty (and its correlate, family configuration status) on academic placement and self-reported delinquency in boys at age 16. We then investigated whether the relation between family economic hardship and antisocial behaviour is direct or indirect by considering the value of parenting practices and academic failure as process variables in the model. Data included official records, and parent, teacher, and self-reports. The temporal intensity of poverty was classified into five categories: never-poor; always-poor; poor-earlier ; poor-later ; and transitory-poverty. Family configuration status was classified by both temporal characteristics and number of marital transitions: intact-family ; short-term-single; long-term-single; short-term-remarried; long-term-remarried; and multiple-marital-transitions. Results revealed that when maternal education and early childhood behaviour were controlled, poverty had an effect on both academic failure and extreme delinquency. This effect was independent of family configuration status. Although they both significantly predicted extreme delinquency on their own, academic failure and parental supervision did not mediate the relationship between poverty and delinquency. Divorce increased the risk of theft and fighting at age 16, regardless of financial hardship. Parental supervision only helped explain the effects of divorce on boys' fighting. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Effects of Poverty on Academic Failure and Delinquency in Boys: A Change and Process Model Approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Linda PAGANI, Auteur ; Bernard BOULERICE, Auteur ; Frank VITARO, Auteur ; Richard E. TREMBLAY, Auteur . - 1999 . - p.1209-1219. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-8 (November 1999) . - p.1209-1219 Mots-clés : ADD/ADHD  aggression  executive function  intelligence  cognition  hyperactivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Using data from the Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Study, we examined the impact of poverty (and its correlate, family configuration status) on academic placement and self-reported delinquency in boys at age 16. We then investigated whether the relation between family economic hardship and antisocial behaviour is direct or indirect by considering the value of parenting practices and academic failure as process variables in the model. Data included official records, and parent, teacher, and self-reports. The temporal intensity of poverty was classified into five categories: never-poor; always-poor; poor-earlier ; poor-later ; and transitory-poverty. Family configuration status was classified by both temporal characteristics and number of marital transitions: intact-family ; short-term-single; long-term-single; short-term-remarried; long-term-remarried; and multiple-marital-transitions. Results revealed that when maternal education and early childhood behaviour were controlled, poverty had an effect on both academic failure and extreme delinquency. This effect was independent of family configuration status. Although they both significantly predicted extreme delinquency on their own, academic failure and parental supervision did not mediate the relationship between poverty and delinquency. Divorce increased the risk of theft and fighting at age 16, regardless of financial hardship. Parental supervision only helped explain the effects of divorce on boys' fighting. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

The Impact of Family Transition on the Development of Delinquency in Adolescent Boys: A 9-year Longitudinal Study / Linda PAGANI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39-4 (May 1998)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 39-4 (May 1998) . - p.489-499 Titre : The Impact of Family Transition on the Development of Delinquency in Adolescent Boys: A 9-year Longitudinal Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Linda PAGANI, Auteur ; Richard E. TREMBLAY, Auteur ; Frank VITARO, Auteur ; Margaret KERR, Auteur ; Pierre MCDUFF, Auteur Année de publication : 1998 Article en page(s) : p.489-499 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Externalising disorder  behaviour problems  conduct disorder  delinquency  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the impact of family transition on deviant development in a sample of 427 French-Canadian boys participating in a longitudinal study from kindergarten onwards. During the course of the study some boys experienced family transition. We grouped the boys by developmental period and number of marital transitions they experienced: divorced between ages 6 and 11; divorced between ages 12 to 15; remarried between ages 6 and 11; and remarried between ages 12 and 15. From ages 11 to 15 we assessed boys' delinquency and their family processes (parental supervision, punishment, and communication) annually. The results suggest that boys who experienced remarriage between ages 12 and 15 are at greater risk for delinquency. In particular, they showed evidence of comparatively more theft and fighting at earlier ages than their peers from families that had remained intact. At similar points in development, they perceived less expressive parent-child relationships. Finally, these boys also perceived less monitoring by their parents, both overall and at different points in adolescence. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=123 [article] The Impact of Family Transition on the Development of Delinquency in Adolescent Boys: A 9-year Longitudinal Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Linda PAGANI, Auteur ; Richard E. TREMBLAY, Auteur ; Frank VITARO, Auteur ; Margaret KERR, Auteur ; Pierre MCDUFF, Auteur . - 1998 . - p.489-499. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 39-4 (May 1998) . - p.489-499 Mots-clés : Externalising disorder  behaviour problems  conduct disorder  delinquency  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the impact of family transition on deviant development in a sample of 427 French-Canadian boys participating in a longitudinal study from kindergarten onwards. During the course of the study some boys experienced family transition. We grouped the boys by developmental period and number of marital transitions they experienced: divorced between ages 6 and 11; divorced between ages 12 to 15; remarried between ages 6 and 11; and remarried between ages 12 and 15. From ages 11 to 15 we assessed boys' delinquency and their family processes (parental supervision, punishment, and communication) annually. The results suggest that boys who experienced remarriage between ages 12 and 15 are at greater risk for delinquency. In particular, they showed evidence of comparatively more theft and fighting at earlier ages than their peers from families that had remained intact. At similar points in development, they perceived less expressive parent-child relationships. Finally, these boys also perceived less monitoring by their parents, both overall and at different points in adolescence. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=123

---

1 (1 - 3 / 3)