Dépouillements

A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of social functioning correlates in autism and typical development / Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.152-175 Titre : A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of social functioning correlates in autism and typical development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; S. Y. KIM, Auteur ; S. CROWLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.152-175 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  executive function  joint attention  meta-analysis  social functioning  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in social functioning are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and much research has been devoted to locating cognitive and developmental explanations for this domain. To sort through this literature, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that quantifies the extent to which several of these candidate constructs are associated with social functioning. We gathered 881 effect sizes calculated from 133 unique participant samples, and synthesized Pearson's r correlations between social functioning and three cognitive constructs; (a) theory of mind (ToM), (b) executive function, and (c) central coherence, and five developmental constructs: (d) initiating joint attention, (e) responding to joint attention, (f) imitation, (g) pretend play, and (h) visual fixation to social stimuli. We synthesized effect sizes using robust variance estimation for each putative correlate, for populations with ASD and typical development (TD) separately. We also conducted a series of meta-regressions to determine if sample and study features moderated effect sizes. We found that, in the ASD group, effect size estimates were significant and small (<0.30) for ToM, executive function, and initiating joint attention. Effect size estimates were significant and moderate (0.30 < r < 0.50) for imitation and response to joint attention. In the TD group, effect size estimates for ToM, executive function, and initiating joint attention were significant and small. In a meta-regression collapsed across correlates, we found that effect sizes were significantly larger in the ASD group (P < 0.05) and decreased as mental age increased (P < 0.001). Autism Res 2019, 12: 152-175 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this meta-analysis, we found that correlations between social functioning and several constructs used to explain the developmental or cognitive origins of social functioning were quite low. This could mean that researchers will need to develop new theories about social functioning in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2055 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of social functioning correlates in autism and typical development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; S. Y. KIM, Auteur ; S. CROWLEY, Auteur . - p.152-175. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.152-175 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  executive function  joint attention  meta-analysis  social functioning  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in social functioning are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and much research has been devoted to locating cognitive and developmental explanations for this domain. To sort through this literature, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that quantifies the extent to which several of these candidate constructs are associated with social functioning. We gathered 881 effect sizes calculated from 133 unique participant samples, and synthesized Pearson's r correlations between social functioning and three cognitive constructs; (a) theory of mind (ToM), (b) executive function, and (c) central coherence, and five developmental constructs: (d) initiating joint attention, (e) responding to joint attention, (f) imitation, (g) pretend play, and (h) visual fixation to social stimuli. We synthesized effect sizes using robust variance estimation for each putative correlate, for populations with ASD and typical development (TD) separately. We also conducted a series of meta-regressions to determine if sample and study features moderated effect sizes. We found that, in the ASD group, effect size estimates were significant and small (<0.30) for ToM, executive function, and initiating joint attention. Effect size estimates were significant and moderate (0.30 < r < 0.50) for imitation and response to joint attention. In the TD group, effect size estimates for ToM, executive function, and initiating joint attention were significant and small. In a meta-regression collapsed across correlates, we found that effect sizes were significantly larger in the ASD group (P < 0.05) and decreased as mental age increased (P < 0.001). Autism Res 2019, 12: 152-175 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this meta-analysis, we found that correlations between social functioning and several constructs used to explain the developmental or cognitive origins of social functioning were quite low. This could mean that researchers will need to develop new theories about social functioning in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2055 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

A review of screening tools for the identification of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in infants and young children: recommendations for use in low- and middle-income countries / M. MARLOW in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.176-199 Titre : A review of screening tools for the identification of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in infants and young children: recommendations for use in low- and middle-income countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. MARLOW, Auteur ; C. SERVILI, Auteur ; M. TOMLINSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.176-199 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  developmental disability  developmental monitoring  low- and middle-income countries  screening tools Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Without intervention, developmental delay (DD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) severely restrict children from reaching their developmental potential. Monitoring child development through the use of screening tools can help identify children who need further assessment or intervention. Screening has been widely encouraged to identify children with ASD or DD, and a large variety of screening instruments are suggested in the literature. There is a lack of consensus around which screening tools are most effective, especially where tools are used in cultures other than those in which they were created. We conducted a review of the literature for screening tools for DD and autism to make recommendations for tool selection and use in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We included 99 screening tools in the review and created profiles for each tool to evaluate their properties and determine which tools could be effectively used in various LMIC. Our review identified a substantial number (35 for DD and 6 for ASD) of screening tools from LMIC. We identified 10 tools which show promise for use across settings; these tools are brief, low-cost and can be implemented by paraprofessionals or lay community health workers. Routine screening is an important first step toward addressing the need for services in LMIC, but high-quality tools take time to be conceptualized, developed, piloted, and validated, before implementation can happen. A focus on improving the scientific rigor of early detection approaches and on enhancing the reach to underserved populations should be prioritized. Autism Res 2019, 12: 176-199 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Screening tools are short questionnaires or brief assessments used to identify children at risk of a developmental disability such as autism. Many screening tools exist, but there is uncertainty about which tools work best in non-Western cultures or low-resource settings. We reviewed over 90 screening tools to identify which tools can be easily used in these settings. Selecting tools that are affordable and easy to use will make it easier to identify and support children with developmental difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2033 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] A review of screening tools for the identification of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in infants and young children: recommendations for use in low- and middle-income countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. MARLOW, Auteur ; C. SERVILI, Auteur ; M. TOMLINSON, Auteur . - p.176-199. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.176-199 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  developmental disability  developmental monitoring  low- and middle-income countries  screening tools Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Without intervention, developmental delay (DD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) severely restrict children from reaching their developmental potential. Monitoring child development through the use of screening tools can help identify children who need further assessment or intervention. Screening has been widely encouraged to identify children with ASD or DD, and a large variety of screening instruments are suggested in the literature. There is a lack of consensus around which screening tools are most effective, especially where tools are used in cultures other than those in which they were created. We conducted a review of the literature for screening tools for DD and autism to make recommendations for tool selection and use in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We included 99 screening tools in the review and created profiles for each tool to evaluate their properties and determine which tools could be effectively used in various LMIC. Our review identified a substantial number (35 for DD and 6 for ASD) of screening tools from LMIC. We identified 10 tools which show promise for use across settings; these tools are brief, low-cost and can be implemented by paraprofessionals or lay community health workers. Routine screening is an important first step toward addressing the need for services in LMIC, but high-quality tools take time to be conceptualized, developed, piloted, and validated, before implementation can happen. A focus on improving the scientific rigor of early detection approaches and on enhancing the reach to underserved populations should be prioritized. Autism Res 2019, 12: 176-199 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Screening tools are short questionnaires or brief assessments used to identify children at risk of a developmental disability such as autism. Many screening tools exist, but there is uncertainty about which tools work best in non-Western cultures or low-resource settings. We reviewed over 90 screening tools to identify which tools can be easily used in these settings. Selecting tools that are affordable and easy to use will make it easier to identify and support children with developmental difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2033 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

PAC1R Genotype to Phenotype Correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder / M. GOODRICH in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.200-211 Titre : PAC1R Genotype to Phenotype Correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. GOODRICH, Auteur ; Anna Chelsea ARMOUR, Auteur ; K. PANCHAPAKESAN, Auteur ; X. YOU, Auteur ; J. DEVANEY, Auteur ; S. KNOBLACH, Auteur ; C. A. W. SULLIVAN, Auteur ; M. J. HERRERO, Auteur ; A. R. GUPTA, Auteur ; C. J. VAIDYA, Auteur ; L. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Joshua G. CORBIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.200-211 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pac1r  amygdala  autism  genetic modifier  neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Amygdala dysfunction has been implicated in numerous neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies in mice and humans, respectively, have linked Pac1r/PAC1R function to social behavior and PTSD-susceptibility. Based on this connection to social and emotional processing and the central role played by the amygdala in ASD, we examined a putative role for PAC1R in social deficits in ASD and determined the pattern of gene expression in the developing mouse and human amygdala. We reveal that Pac1r/PAC1R is expressed in both mouse and human amygdala from mid-neurogenesis through early postnatal stages, critical time points when altered brain trajectories are hypothesized to unfold in ASD. We further find that parents of autistic children carrying a previously identified PTSD-risk genotype (CC) report greater reciprocal social deficits compared to those carrying the non-risk GC genotype. Additionally, by exploring resting-state functional connectivity differences in a subsample of the larger behavioral sample, we find higher functional connectivity between the amygdala and right middle temporal gyrus in individuals with the CC risk genotype. Thus, using multimodal approaches, our data reveal that the amygdala-expressed PAC1R gene may be linked to severity of ASD social phenotype and possible alterations in brain connectivity, therefore potentially acting as a modifier of amygdala-related phenotypes. Autism Res 2019, 12: 200-211 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this multimodal study across mouse and human, we examined expression patterns of Pac1r/PAC1R, a gene implicated in social behavior, and further explored whether a previously identified human PTSD-linked mutation in PAC1R can predict brain connectivity and social deficits in ASD. We find that PAC1R is highly expressed in the both the mouse and human amygdala. Furthermore, our human data suggest that PAC1R genotype is linked to severity of social deficits and functional amygdala connectivity in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2051 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] PAC1R Genotype to Phenotype Correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. GOODRICH, Auteur ; Anna Chelsea ARMOUR, Auteur ; K. PANCHAPAKESAN, Auteur ; X. YOU, Auteur ; J. DEVANEY, Auteur ; S. KNOBLACH, Auteur ; C. A. W. SULLIVAN, Auteur ; M. J. HERRERO, Auteur ; A. R. GUPTA, Auteur ; C. J. VAIDYA, Auteur ; L. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Joshua G. CORBIN, Auteur . - p.200-211. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.200-211 Mots-clés : Pac1r  amygdala  autism  genetic modifier  neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Amygdala dysfunction has been implicated in numerous neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies in mice and humans, respectively, have linked Pac1r/PAC1R function to social behavior and PTSD-susceptibility. Based on this connection to social and emotional processing and the central role played by the amygdala in ASD, we examined a putative role for PAC1R in social deficits in ASD and determined the pattern of gene expression in the developing mouse and human amygdala. We reveal that Pac1r/PAC1R is expressed in both mouse and human amygdala from mid-neurogenesis through early postnatal stages, critical time points when altered brain trajectories are hypothesized to unfold in ASD. We further find that parents of autistic children carrying a previously identified PTSD-risk genotype (CC) report greater reciprocal social deficits compared to those carrying the non-risk GC genotype. Additionally, by exploring resting-state functional connectivity differences in a subsample of the larger behavioral sample, we find higher functional connectivity between the amygdala and right middle temporal gyrus in individuals with the CC risk genotype. Thus, using multimodal approaches, our data reveal that the amygdala-expressed PAC1R gene may be linked to severity of ASD social phenotype and possible alterations in brain connectivity, therefore potentially acting as a modifier of amygdala-related phenotypes. Autism Res 2019, 12: 200-211 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this multimodal study across mouse and human, we examined expression patterns of Pac1r/PAC1R, a gene implicated in social behavior, and further explored whether a previously identified human PTSD-linked mutation in PAC1R can predict brain connectivity and social deficits in ASD. We find that PAC1R is highly expressed in the both the mouse and human amygdala. Furthermore, our human data suggest that PAC1R genotype is linked to severity of social deficits and functional amygdala connectivity in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2051 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Faster eye movements in children with autism spectrum disorder / K. KOVARSKI in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.212-224 Titre : Faster eye movements in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. KOVARSKI, Auteur ; M. SIWIASZCZYK, Auteur ; J. MALVY, Auteur ; Magali BATTY, Auteur ; Marianne LATINUS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.212-224 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  children  oculomotor functioning  saccadic eye movements  visual perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical visual exploration of both social and nonsocial scenes is often reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with less precise and longer saccades, potentially reflecting difficulties in oculomotor control. To assess a subset of oculomotor functions in ASD, 20 children with ASD and 21 age-matched typically developing (TD) children (2.6-11.5 years) partook in three tasks of increasing complexity, while no explicit instruction was provided: a prosaccade gap task, a color and a "categorical" visual search tasks (a face among butterflies and vice-versa). In addition to classical saccade metrics, we measured Distance error, (the distance between the target and the closest gaze position) and Time-to-target (the time taken to reach the target). In the prosaccade task, children with ASD were as accurate as TD children, yet faster to reach the stimulus. In the color visual search task, children with ASD were faster but less precise than TD children. In the categorical visual search, while TD children were more precise in orienting their gaze towards the face, children with ASD performed similarly in the two conditions; Time-to-target did not differ. Our results provide contradictory evidence regarding enhanced visual search ability in ASD: when considering response times, enhanced visual search performance was found in one task only, while when considering gaze precision no advantage was found. These three experiments demonstrate that the automatic saccadic system may function more rapidly in children with ASD. Nonetheless, a diminished sensitivity to bottom-up saliency and top-down influence might suppress this advantage in more complex visual environments. Autism Res 2019, 12: 212-224 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Three experiments with no instructions were designed to assess oculomotor functions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In a saccade task, children with ASD were faster than but as accurate as control children. In visual search tasks, accuracy and speed decreased with increasing complexity of visual environment. Children with ASD showed faster automatic visual orientation, but this might hinder exploratory behaviors, leading to difficulties in complex and social situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2054 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Faster eye movements in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. KOVARSKI, Auteur ; M. SIWIASZCZYK, Auteur ; J. MALVY, Auteur ; Magali BATTY, Auteur ; Marianne LATINUS, Auteur . - p.212-224. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.212-224 Mots-clés : autism  children  oculomotor functioning  saccadic eye movements  visual perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical visual exploration of both social and nonsocial scenes is often reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with less precise and longer saccades, potentially reflecting difficulties in oculomotor control. To assess a subset of oculomotor functions in ASD, 20 children with ASD and 21 age-matched typically developing (TD) children (2.6-11.5 years) partook in three tasks of increasing complexity, while no explicit instruction was provided: a prosaccade gap task, a color and a "categorical" visual search tasks (a face among butterflies and vice-versa). In addition to classical saccade metrics, we measured Distance error, (the distance between the target and the closest gaze position) and Time-to-target (the time taken to reach the target). In the prosaccade task, children with ASD were as accurate as TD children, yet faster to reach the stimulus. In the color visual search task, children with ASD were faster but less precise than TD children. In the categorical visual search, while TD children were more precise in orienting their gaze towards the face, children with ASD performed similarly in the two conditions; Time-to-target did not differ. Our results provide contradictory evidence regarding enhanced visual search ability in ASD: when considering response times, enhanced visual search performance was found in one task only, while when considering gaze precision no advantage was found. These three experiments demonstrate that the automatic saccadic system may function more rapidly in children with ASD. Nonetheless, a diminished sensitivity to bottom-up saliency and top-down influence might suppress this advantage in more complex visual environments. Autism Res 2019, 12: 212-224 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Three experiments with no instructions were designed to assess oculomotor functions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In a saccade task, children with ASD were faster than but as accurate as control children. In visual search tasks, accuracy and speed decreased with increasing complexity of visual environment. Children with ASD showed faster automatic visual orientation, but this might hinder exploratory behaviors, leading to difficulties in complex and social situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2054 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Altered frontal aslant tracts as a heritable neural basis of social communication deficits in autism spectrum disorder: A sibling study using tract-based automatic analysis / Y. C. LO in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.225-238 Titre : Altered frontal aslant tracts as a heritable neural basis of social communication deficits in autism spectrum disorder: A sibling study using tract-based automatic analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Y. C. LO, Auteur ; Y. J. CHEN, Auteur ; Y. C. HSU, Auteur ; Yi-Ling CHIEN, Auteur ; S. S. GAU, Auteur ; W. I. TSENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.225-238 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  heritable neural basis  siblings  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Investigating social behaviors and brain structural alterations in unaffected siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may help identify intermediate phenotypes of social communication deficits in ASD. This study hypothesized that such intermediate phenotypes could be identified in white matter tracts of the social communication model that exhibited reduced tract integrity and associations with social communication deficits. Boys with ASD (N = 30), unaffected male siblings (N = 27), and typically developing (TD) boys (N = 30) underwent clinical evaluation and MRI scanning. Group differences in generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values, a white matter integrity index derived from diffusion MRI data, and the relationships of GFA with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4-18) scores were investigated. Significant differences were found in the GFA values of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) among the three groups, with the decreasing order of GFA from TD to siblings to ASD. The GFA values of the FAT were associated with the social communication scores (on the SRS) in the sibling group, and those of the superior longitudinal fasciculus III were associated with the social problems scores (on the CBCL/4-18) in the boys with ASD. Due to the altered tract integrity and association with social communication deficits in the unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD, the FAT might be a heritable neural basis for social communication deficits of ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 225-238 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of highly heritable disorders with social communication deficits as one of the core symptoms. This study aimed to identify a neural trait of social communication deficits in individuals with ASD. We investigated brain structural alterations and their associations with social communication scores in unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD. The siblings' frontal aslant tract was found to be impaired, and this tract showed a significant association with the social communication scores. Our findings support that the frontal aslant tract might be a potential neural trait of social communication deficits in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2044 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Altered frontal aslant tracts as a heritable neural basis of social communication deficits in autism spectrum disorder: A sibling study using tract-based automatic analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Y. C. LO, Auteur ; Y. J. CHEN, Auteur ; Y. C. HSU, Auteur ; Yi-Ling CHIEN, Auteur ; S. S. GAU, Auteur ; W. I. TSENG, Auteur . - p.225-238. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.225-238 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  heritable neural basis  siblings  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Investigating social behaviors and brain structural alterations in unaffected siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may help identify intermediate phenotypes of social communication deficits in ASD. This study hypothesized that such intermediate phenotypes could be identified in white matter tracts of the social communication model that exhibited reduced tract integrity and associations with social communication deficits. Boys with ASD (N = 30), unaffected male siblings (N = 27), and typically developing (TD) boys (N = 30) underwent clinical evaluation and MRI scanning. Group differences in generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values, a white matter integrity index derived from diffusion MRI data, and the relationships of GFA with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4-18) scores were investigated. Significant differences were found in the GFA values of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) among the three groups, with the decreasing order of GFA from TD to siblings to ASD. The GFA values of the FAT were associated with the social communication scores (on the SRS) in the sibling group, and those of the superior longitudinal fasciculus III were associated with the social problems scores (on the CBCL/4-18) in the boys with ASD. Due to the altered tract integrity and association with social communication deficits in the unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD, the FAT might be a heritable neural basis for social communication deficits of ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 225-238 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of highly heritable disorders with social communication deficits as one of the core symptoms. This study aimed to identify a neural trait of social communication deficits in individuals with ASD. We investigated brain structural alterations and their associations with social communication scores in unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD. The siblings' frontal aslant tract was found to be impaired, and this tract showed a significant association with the social communication scores. Our findings support that the frontal aslant tract might be a potential neural trait of social communication deficits in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2044 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Error monitoring in decision-making and timing is disrupted in autism spectrum disorder / C. DOENYAS in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.239-248 Titre : Error monitoring in decision-making and timing is disrupted in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. DOENYAS, Auteur ; T. MUTLUER, Auteur ; E. GENC, Auteur ; F. BALCI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.239-248 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  decision-making  error-monitoring  metacognition  time perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in social interactions. The cognitive domains that support these interactions include perceptual decision-making, timing, and error-monitoring, which enable one to appropriately understand and react to the other individual in communicative settings. This study constitutes a comprehensive exploration of decision-making and interval timing in ASD as well as the first investigation of error-monitoring abilities of individuals with ASD regarding their performance in the corresponding domains. We found that children with ASD fared similar to typically developing (TD) children in their first-order task performance in two-alternative forced choice perceptual decision-making and temporal reproduction tasks as well as the secondary tasks (signal detection and free finger tapping tasks). Yet, they had a deficit in error-monitoring in both tasks where their accuracy did not predict their confidence ratings, which was the case for the TD group. The difference between ASD and TD groups was limited to error-monitoring performance. This study attests to a circumscribed impairment in error-monitoring in individuals with ASD, which may partially underlie their social interaction problems. This difficulty in cognitively evaluating one's own performance may also relate to theory of mind deficits reported for individuals with ASD, where they struggle in understanding the mental states and intentions of others. This novel finding holds the potential to inform effective interventions for individuals with ASD that can target this error-monitoring ability to have broad-ranging effects in multiple domains involved in communication and social interaction. Autism Res 2019, 12: 239-248 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Decision-making, timing, and error-monitoring are three of many abilities that underlie smooth social interactions. To date, these domains have been only investigated separately, but given their interactive role in social interactions that are impaired in ASD, we conducted the first study to investigate them together. Children with ASD were as successful as typically developing children in their task performances, but unlike them, were unaware of their errors in both decision-making and timing tasks. This deficit that is limited to error-monitoring can contribute to unraveling the unique cognitive signature of ASD and to formulating interventions with positive implications in multiple domains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2041 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Error monitoring in decision-making and timing is disrupted in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. DOENYAS, Auteur ; T. MUTLUER, Auteur ; E. GENC, Auteur ; F. BALCI, Auteur . - p.239-248. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.239-248 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  decision-making  error-monitoring  metacognition  time perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in social interactions. The cognitive domains that support these interactions include perceptual decision-making, timing, and error-monitoring, which enable one to appropriately understand and react to the other individual in communicative settings. This study constitutes a comprehensive exploration of decision-making and interval timing in ASD as well as the first investigation of error-monitoring abilities of individuals with ASD regarding their performance in the corresponding domains. We found that children with ASD fared similar to typically developing (TD) children in their first-order task performance in two-alternative forced choice perceptual decision-making and temporal reproduction tasks as well as the secondary tasks (signal detection and free finger tapping tasks). Yet, they had a deficit in error-monitoring in both tasks where their accuracy did not predict their confidence ratings, which was the case for the TD group. The difference between ASD and TD groups was limited to error-monitoring performance. This study attests to a circumscribed impairment in error-monitoring in individuals with ASD, which may partially underlie their social interaction problems. This difficulty in cognitively evaluating one's own performance may also relate to theory of mind deficits reported for individuals with ASD, where they struggle in understanding the mental states and intentions of others. This novel finding holds the potential to inform effective interventions for individuals with ASD that can target this error-monitoring ability to have broad-ranging effects in multiple domains involved in communication and social interaction. Autism Res 2019, 12: 239-248 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Decision-making, timing, and error-monitoring are three of many abilities that underlie smooth social interactions. To date, these domains have been only investigated separately, but given their interactive role in social interactions that are impaired in ASD, we conducted the first study to investigate them together. Children with ASD were as successful as typically developing children in their task performances, but unlike them, were unaware of their errors in both decision-making and timing tasks. This deficit that is limited to error-monitoring can contribute to unraveling the unique cognitive signature of ASD and to formulating interventions with positive implications in multiple domains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2041 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Shifting Preferences for Primate Faces in Neurotypical Infants and Infants Later Diagnosed With ASD / A. YAMASHIRO in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.249-262 Titre : Shifting Preferences for Primate Faces in Neurotypical Infants and Infants Later Diagnosed With ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. YAMASHIRO, Auteur ; A. SORCINELLI, Auteur ; T. RAHMAN, Auteur ; R. ELBOGEN, Auteur ; S. CURTIN, Auteur ; A. VOULOUMANOS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.249-262 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Face preference  autism spectrum disorder  eye tracking  human faces  infancy  monkey faces Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Infants look at others' faces to gather social information. Newborns look equally at human and monkey faces but prefer human faces by 1 month, helping them learn to communicate and interact with others. Infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) look at human faces less than neurotypical infants, which may underlie some deficits in social-communication later in life. Here, we asked whether infants later diagnosed with ASD differ in their preferences for both human and nonhuman primate faces compared to neurotypical infants over their first 2 years of life. We compare infants' relative looking times to human or monkey faces paired with nonface controls (Experiment 1) and infants' total looking times to pairs of human and monkey faces (Experiment 2). Across two experiments, we find that between 6 and 18 months, infants later diagnosed with ASD show a greater downturn (decrease after an initial increase) in looking at both primate faces than neurotypical infants. A decrease in attention to primate faces may partly underlie the social-communicative difficulties in children with ASD and could reveal how early perceptual experiences with faces affect development. Autism Res 2019, 12: 249-262 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Looking at faces helps infants learn to interact with others. Infants look equally at human and monkey faces at birth but prefer human faces by 1 month. Infants later diagnosed with ASD who show deficits in social-communication look at human faces less than neurotypical infants. We find that a downturn (decline after an initial increase) in attention to both human and monkey faces between 6 and 18 months may partly underlie the social-communicative difficulties in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2043 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Shifting Preferences for Primate Faces in Neurotypical Infants and Infants Later Diagnosed With ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. YAMASHIRO, Auteur ; A. SORCINELLI, Auteur ; T. RAHMAN, Auteur ; R. ELBOGEN, Auteur ; S. CURTIN, Auteur ; A. VOULOUMANOS, Auteur . - p.249-262. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.249-262 Mots-clés : Face preference  autism spectrum disorder  eye tracking  human faces  infancy  monkey faces Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Infants look at others' faces to gather social information. Newborns look equally at human and monkey faces but prefer human faces by 1 month, helping them learn to communicate and interact with others. Infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) look at human faces less than neurotypical infants, which may underlie some deficits in social-communication later in life. Here, we asked whether infants later diagnosed with ASD differ in their preferences for both human and nonhuman primate faces compared to neurotypical infants over their first 2 years of life. We compare infants' relative looking times to human or monkey faces paired with nonface controls (Experiment 1) and infants' total looking times to pairs of human and monkey faces (Experiment 2). Across two experiments, we find that between 6 and 18 months, infants later diagnosed with ASD show a greater downturn (decrease after an initial increase) in looking at both primate faces than neurotypical infants. A decrease in attention to primate faces may partly underlie the social-communicative difficulties in children with ASD and could reveal how early perceptual experiences with faces affect development. Autism Res 2019, 12: 249-262 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Looking at faces helps infants learn to interact with others. Infants look equally at human and monkey faces at birth but prefer human faces by 1 month. Infants later diagnosed with ASD who show deficits in social-communication look at human faces less than neurotypical infants. We find that a downturn (decline after an initial increase) in attention to both human and monkey faces between 6 and 18 months may partly underlie the social-communicative difficulties in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2043 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Parent-Adolescent Reciprocity in a Conflictual Situation Predicts Peer Interaction in Adolescents With ASD / S. J. RABIN in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.263-273 Titre : Parent-Adolescent Reciprocity in a Conflictual Situation Predicts Peer Interaction in Adolescents With ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. J. RABIN, Auteur ; E. BAMBERGER, Auteur ; I. MOR-SNIR, Auteur ; R. FELDMAN, Auteur ; O. GOLAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.263-273 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  adolescence  conflict  observational-measures  parenting  peer-interaction  social-communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parent-child reciprocity plays a signicant role in shaping children's social interaction skills. The development of conflict management skills throughout childhood and adolescence impacts the individual's social adjustment. The increase in conflictual interaction with one's parents during adolescence affects the transformation of parent-adolescent interaction into a more mutual, equal relationship. Adolescents with ASD and their parents may struggle in this type of interaction due to the adolescents' social and regulatory impairments, in addition to their dependence on their parents' involvement and guidance. The current study aimed to evaluate differences in the way adolescents with and without ASD interact with their parents in a conflictual situation. In addition, the association between parent-adolescent reciprocity and the adolescent's social interaction with an unfamiliar peer was examined in the ASD group. Thirty adolescents with ASD and their parents and 30 typically developing (TD) controls were assessed during a standardized conflict interaction. In addition, adolescents with ASD took part in a conversation with an unfamiliar peer. Interactions were videotaped and coded. Results revealed that during the conflictual interaction, compared to their TD peers, adolescents with ASD were more involved in the conversation and less withdrawn from the parent, while their parents were more sensitive and less intrusive toward them. Parent-adolescent reciprocity was poorer in the ASD (compared to the TD) dyad and was positively associated with the adolescents' social-conversational skills with a peer. These findings emphasize the different developmental trajectory parent-adolescent relationship takes in adolescents with ASD, and its impact on the adolescent's social skills. Autism Res 2019, 12: 263-273 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The development of conflict management skills throughout childhood and adolescence impacts the individual's social adjustment. The ability of parents to engage in reciprocal social interaction with the children plays a significant role in shaping children's social interaction skills with peers and with other adults. The transition to adolescence is characterized by an increase in conflictual interaction with one's parents, which transforms the interaction between adolescents and their parents into a more mutual, equal relationship. Adolescents with ASD and their parents may struggle in this type of interaction due to the adolescents' social and emotional difficulties, and their dependence on their parents' involvement and guidance. However, the nature of parent-adolescent interaction, and particularly conflict management has rarely been studied. This study evaluated the way parents and their adolescents with ASD interact in a conflictual conversation, compared to parents and their typically developing adolescents. In addition, we examined how this type of interaction associated with adolescents' social conversation skills with a peer, in the ASD group. A videotaped interaction between adolescents and their parents indicated that parents and their adolescents with ASD engaged more positively in the conflict, but were less reciprocal with each other. In addition, higher reciprocity among parents and their adolescents with ASD was associated with better conversation skills with an unfamiliar peer. These findings demonstrate the different ways parent-adolescent relationships evolve in families affected by ASD, and the important role parents have in shaping the adolescent's social communication skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2047 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Parent-Adolescent Reciprocity in a Conflictual Situation Predicts Peer Interaction in Adolescents With ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. J. RABIN, Auteur ; E. BAMBERGER, Auteur ; I. MOR-SNIR, Auteur ; R. FELDMAN, Auteur ; O. GOLAN, Auteur . - p.263-273. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.263-273 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  adolescence  conflict  observational-measures  parenting  peer-interaction  social-communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parent-child reciprocity plays a signicant role in shaping children's social interaction skills. The development of conflict management skills throughout childhood and adolescence impacts the individual's social adjustment. The increase in conflictual interaction with one's parents during adolescence affects the transformation of parent-adolescent interaction into a more mutual, equal relationship. Adolescents with ASD and their parents may struggle in this type of interaction due to the adolescents' social and regulatory impairments, in addition to their dependence on their parents' involvement and guidance. The current study aimed to evaluate differences in the way adolescents with and without ASD interact with their parents in a conflictual situation. In addition, the association between parent-adolescent reciprocity and the adolescent's social interaction with an unfamiliar peer was examined in the ASD group. Thirty adolescents with ASD and their parents and 30 typically developing (TD) controls were assessed during a standardized conflict interaction. In addition, adolescents with ASD took part in a conversation with an unfamiliar peer. Interactions were videotaped and coded. Results revealed that during the conflictual interaction, compared to their TD peers, adolescents with ASD were more involved in the conversation and less withdrawn from the parent, while their parents were more sensitive and less intrusive toward them. Parent-adolescent reciprocity was poorer in the ASD (compared to the TD) dyad and was positively associated with the adolescents' social-conversational skills with a peer. These findings emphasize the different developmental trajectory parent-adolescent relationship takes in adolescents with ASD, and its impact on the adolescent's social skills. Autism Res 2019, 12: 263-273 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The development of conflict management skills throughout childhood and adolescence impacts the individual's social adjustment. The ability of parents to engage in reciprocal social interaction with the children plays a significant role in shaping children's social interaction skills with peers and with other adults. The transition to adolescence is characterized by an increase in conflictual interaction with one's parents, which transforms the interaction between adolescents and their parents into a more mutual, equal relationship. Adolescents with ASD and their parents may struggle in this type of interaction due to the adolescents' social and emotional difficulties, and their dependence on their parents' involvement and guidance. However, the nature of parent-adolescent interaction, and particularly conflict management has rarely been studied. This study evaluated the way parents and their adolescents with ASD interact in a conflictual conversation, compared to parents and their typically developing adolescents. In addition, we examined how this type of interaction associated with adolescents' social conversation skills with a peer, in the ASD group. A videotaped interaction between adolescents and their parents indicated that parents and their adolescents with ASD engaged more positively in the conflict, but were less reciprocal with each other. In addition, higher reciprocity among parents and their adolescents with ASD was associated with better conversation skills with an unfamiliar peer. These findings demonstrate the different ways parent-adolescent relationships evolve in families affected by ASD, and the important role parents have in shaping the adolescent's social communication skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2047 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Gender differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in youth with autism / Ligia ANTEZANA in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.274-283 Titre : Gender differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in youth with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ligia ANTEZANA, Auteur ; R. S. FACTOR, Auteur ; E. E. CONDY, Auteur ; M. V. STREGE, Auteur ; A. SCARPA, Auteur ; J. A. RICHEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.274-283 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : gender/female ASD  restricted/repetitive behavior  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work has found gender differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBI) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to girls, affected boys have increased stereotyped and restricted behaviors; however much less is known about gender differences in other areas of RRBI. This study aims to identify whether specific RRBI (i.e., stereotyped, self-injurious, compulsive, insistence on sameness, ritualistic, and restricted), as measured by item-level data on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), can distinguish girls from boys with ASD. Participants included 615 individuals with ASD (507 boys; 82.4%), ages 3-18 years of age (M = 10.26, SD = 4.20), who agreed to share data with the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR). Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used to determine whether item-level RBS-R data could correctly classify cases by gender. DFA results suggest that RBS-R items significantly differentiate gender. Strongly differentiating RBS-R items had greater success in correctly classifying affected boys (67.90%) than girls (61.00%). Items that best-discriminated gender were heightened stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests items in boys and compulsive, sameness, restricted, and self-injurious behavior items in girls. This study is the first to find that girls with ASD may have increased compulsive, sameness, and restricted RRBI compared to boys. Additionally, findings support heightened self-injurious behaviors in affected girls. Future research should disentangle whether elevated rates of RRBI in girls are central to the presentation of ASD in girls or an epiphenomenon of the high rates of co-occurring disorders (e.g., anxiety) noted in girls. Autism Res 2019, 12: 274-283 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study is the first to examine a comprehensive measure of repetitive behavior in children with autism, with findings of increased compulsive, insistence on sameness, and self-injurious behavior characterizing girls and increased stereotyped and restricted behavior characterizing boys. Future research should determine whether these elevated behaviors in girls are directly part of the autism presentation in girls or symptoms of co-occurring psychopathology. It is important for autism diagnostic measures to best capture the types of repetitive behavior girls may demonstrate. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2049 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Gender differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in youth with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ligia ANTEZANA, Auteur ; R. S. FACTOR, Auteur ; E. E. CONDY, Auteur ; M. V. STREGE, Auteur ; A. SCARPA, Auteur ; J. A. RICHEY, Auteur . - p.274-283. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.274-283 Mots-clés : gender/female ASD  restricted/repetitive behavior  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work has found gender differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBI) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to girls, affected boys have increased stereotyped and restricted behaviors; however much less is known about gender differences in other areas of RRBI. This study aims to identify whether specific RRBI (i.e., stereotyped, self-injurious, compulsive, insistence on sameness, ritualistic, and restricted), as measured by item-level data on the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), can distinguish girls from boys with ASD. Participants included 615 individuals with ASD (507 boys; 82.4%), ages 3-18 years of age (M = 10.26, SD = 4.20), who agreed to share data with the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR). Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used to determine whether item-level RBS-R data could correctly classify cases by gender. DFA results suggest that RBS-R items significantly differentiate gender. Strongly differentiating RBS-R items had greater success in correctly classifying affected boys (67.90%) than girls (61.00%). Items that best-discriminated gender were heightened stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests items in boys and compulsive, sameness, restricted, and self-injurious behavior items in girls. This study is the first to find that girls with ASD may have increased compulsive, sameness, and restricted RRBI compared to boys. Additionally, findings support heightened self-injurious behaviors in affected girls. Future research should disentangle whether elevated rates of RRBI in girls are central to the presentation of ASD in girls or an epiphenomenon of the high rates of co-occurring disorders (e.g., anxiety) noted in girls. Autism Res 2019, 12: 274-283 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study is the first to examine a comprehensive measure of repetitive behavior in children with autism, with findings of increased compulsive, insistence on sameness, and self-injurious behavior characterizing girls and increased stereotyped and restricted behavior characterizing boys. Future research should determine whether these elevated behaviors in girls are directly part of the autism presentation in girls or symptoms of co-occurring psychopathology. It is important for autism diagnostic measures to best capture the types of repetitive behavior girls may demonstrate. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2049 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Adults with autism spectrum disorder are sensitive to the kinematic features defining natural human motion / R. EDEY in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.284-294 Titre : Adults with autism spectrum disorder are sensitive to the kinematic features defining natural human motion Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. EDEY, Auteur ; J. COOK, Auteur ; R. BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; C. PRESS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.284-294 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  biological motion  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been hypothesized that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (hereafter "autism") have problems perceiving biological motion, which contributes to their social difficulties. However, the ability to perceive the kinematic profile characteristic of biological motion has not been systematically examined in autism. To examine this basic perceptual ability we conducted two experiments comparing adults with autism with matched typical adults. In Experiment 1, participants indicated whether two movements-which differed in the quantity of formula-generated biological motion-were the same or different. In Experiment 2, they judged which of two movements was "less natural," where the stimuli varied in the degree to which they were a product of real movement data produced by autistic and typical models. There were no group differences in perceptual sensitivity in either experiment, with null effects supported by Bayesian analyses. The findings from these two experiments demonstrate that adults with autism are sensitive to the kinematic information defining biological motion to a typical degree-they are both able to detect the perceptual information in a same-different judgment, and as inclined to categorize biological motion derived from real models as natural. These findings therefore provide evidence against the hypothesis that individuals with autism exhibit low-level difficulties in perceiving the kinematics of others' actions, suggesting that atypicalities arise either when integrating this kinematic information with other perceptual input, or in the interpretation of kinematic information. Autism Res 2019, 12: 284-294 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It has previously been suggested that autistic children and adults have problems perceiving the detailed manner in which others move-that is, the subtle changes in speed as we move from point to point-which may impact on their ability to learn from, and about, others in a typical fashion. However, the results from the present two studies demonstrate that adults with autism can perceive this information, suggesting that atypicalities in processing others' movement may arise mainly as a consequence of atypical interpretation rather than perception. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2052 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Adults with autism spectrum disorder are sensitive to the kinematic features defining natural human motion [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. EDEY, Auteur ; J. COOK, Auteur ; R. BREWER, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; C. PRESS, Auteur . - p.284-294. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.284-294 Mots-clés : adults  biological motion  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been hypothesized that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (hereafter "autism") have problems perceiving biological motion, which contributes to their social difficulties. However, the ability to perceive the kinematic profile characteristic of biological motion has not been systematically examined in autism. To examine this basic perceptual ability we conducted two experiments comparing adults with autism with matched typical adults. In Experiment 1, participants indicated whether two movements-which differed in the quantity of formula-generated biological motion-were the same or different. In Experiment 2, they judged which of two movements was "less natural," where the stimuli varied in the degree to which they were a product of real movement data produced by autistic and typical models. There were no group differences in perceptual sensitivity in either experiment, with null effects supported by Bayesian analyses. The findings from these two experiments demonstrate that adults with autism are sensitive to the kinematic information defining biological motion to a typical degree-they are both able to detect the perceptual information in a same-different judgment, and as inclined to categorize biological motion derived from real models as natural. These findings therefore provide evidence against the hypothesis that individuals with autism exhibit low-level difficulties in perceiving the kinematics of others' actions, suggesting that atypicalities arise either when integrating this kinematic information with other perceptual input, or in the interpretation of kinematic information. Autism Res 2019, 12: 284-294 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It has previously been suggested that autistic children and adults have problems perceiving the detailed manner in which others move-that is, the subtle changes in speed as we move from point to point-which may impact on their ability to learn from, and about, others in a typical fashion. However, the results from the present two studies demonstrate that adults with autism can perceive this information, suggesting that atypicalities in processing others' movement may arise mainly as a consequence of atypical interpretation rather than perception. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2052 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Ambulatory Care Sensitive Admissions in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Population Controls / B. N. HAND in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.295-302 Titre : Ambulatory Care Sensitive Admissions in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Population Controls Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. N. HAND, Auteur ; Andrea BOAN, Auteur ; Catherine BRADLEY, Auteur ; J. M. CHARLES, Auteur ; Laura A. CARPENTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.295-302 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : children  epidemiology-descriptive  intellectual disability  pediatrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) admissions are those for which effective primary care can prevent the need for emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient hospitalizations, and are an indicator of primary care access. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) may be at higher risk for ACS admissions than individuals in the general population due to difficulty accessing primary care. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of ACS admissions among four cohorts of individuals aged 2-24 years: ASD without co-occurring ID (ASD-only), ASD with co-occurring ID (ASD + ID), ID without ASD (ID-only), and population controls (PC). Data from ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations occurring between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015 were examined to identify ACS admissions. Generalized linear models were used to examine differences between cohorts on the number of ACS ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations. Results revealed the ASD + ID and ID-only cohorts had significantly higher rates of ACS inpatient hospitalizations than the PC cohort. Additionally, the ID-only cohort had higher rates of ACS ED visits than the PC cohort. The ASD-only and PC cohorts did not differ on incidence of ACS admissions. These findings suggest that presence of an ID with or without co-occurring ASD increased the risk for ACS inpatient hospitalizations, and presence of ID-only increased the risk for ACS ED visits. Future work should examine trajectories of ACS admissions over time and consider inclusion of additional characteristics that may elucidate reasons for differences in ACS admissions among these groups. Autism Res 2019, 12: 295-302 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Preventable hospitalizations are a common indicator of problems with access to quality primary healthcare. Findings of this study suggest that individuals with intellectual disability, with or without autism spectrum disorder, have higher rates of preventable hospitalizations than the general population. Further research is needed to understand how to improve access to primary care and reduce preventable hospitalizations for this vulnerable population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2050 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Ambulatory Care Sensitive Admissions in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Population Controls [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. N. HAND, Auteur ; Andrea BOAN, Auteur ; Catherine BRADLEY, Auteur ; J. M. CHARLES, Auteur ; Laura A. CARPENTER, Auteur . - p.295-302. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.295-302 Mots-clés : children  epidemiology-descriptive  intellectual disability  pediatrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) admissions are those for which effective primary care can prevent the need for emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient hospitalizations, and are an indicator of primary care access. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID) may be at higher risk for ACS admissions than individuals in the general population due to difficulty accessing primary care. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of ACS admissions among four cohorts of individuals aged 2-24 years: ASD without co-occurring ID (ASD-only), ASD with co-occurring ID (ASD + ID), ID without ASD (ID-only), and population controls (PC). Data from ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations occurring between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015 were examined to identify ACS admissions. Generalized linear models were used to examine differences between cohorts on the number of ACS ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations. Results revealed the ASD + ID and ID-only cohorts had significantly higher rates of ACS inpatient hospitalizations than the PC cohort. Additionally, the ID-only cohort had higher rates of ACS ED visits than the PC cohort. The ASD-only and PC cohorts did not differ on incidence of ACS admissions. These findings suggest that presence of an ID with or without co-occurring ASD increased the risk for ACS inpatient hospitalizations, and presence of ID-only increased the risk for ACS ED visits. Future work should examine trajectories of ACS admissions over time and consider inclusion of additional characteristics that may elucidate reasons for differences in ACS admissions among these groups. Autism Res 2019, 12: 295-302 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Preventable hospitalizations are a common indicator of problems with access to quality primary healthcare. Findings of this study suggest that individuals with intellectual disability, with or without autism spectrum disorder, have higher rates of preventable hospitalizations than the general population. Further research is needed to understand how to improve access to primary care and reduce preventable hospitalizations for this vulnerable population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2050 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Psychometric properties of the chinese version of autism spectrum quotient-children's version: A sex-specific analysis / F. SUN in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.303-315 Titre : Psychometric properties of the chinese version of autism spectrum quotient-children's version: A sex-specific analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. SUN, Auteur ; M. DAI, Auteur ; L. LIN, Auteur ; X. SUN, Auteur ; A. L. MURRAY, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; J. JING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.303-315 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  autism-spectrum quotient  autistic traits  children  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A Simplified Chinese translation of the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children's Version (AQ-C) is needed for research in mainland China. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that differs in presentation and prevalence by sex. Thus, evaluating the psychometric validity of the AQ-C in males and females is an important step in its validation. The present study aims to develop a Chinese translation of the parent-report AQ-C, and test its psychometric properties among Mandarin Chinese speaking boys and girls. A total of 1,020 non-clinical children and 134 children with ASD were assessed. Factor analyses were performed for the whole sample, as well as for girls and boys separately. A 30-item, 5-factor model (the Chinese AQ-C) showed adequate goodness of fit (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.037; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.907; Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.901) for the whole sample. According to parents' reports, non-clinical boys had significantly higher scores than non-clinical girls on the Chinese AQ-C. Sex-specific factor structures were identified resulting in a 4-factor model with 32 items for girls (the Chinese AQ-Girls), and a 4-factor model with 34 items for boys (the Chinese AQ-Boys). The cut-off scores of the Chinese AQ-C, AQ-Girls, and AQ-Boys were 44.5, 42.5, and 46.5, respectively. These three Chinese versions of the AQ-C all showed satisfactory internal consistency (alpha = 0.786-0.840) and concurrent validity with the Social Responsiveness Scale (r = 0.789-0.814) for the total scale. Differences have been found in the sex-specific factor structures of the AQ-C which would be more reliable to use for future research when measuring autistic traits in the general population. Autism Res 2019, 12: 303-315 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study developed Chinese versions of the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children's Version (AQ-C) in Chinese boys and girls together and separately. The AQ-C showed good psychometric properties in boys and girls together and separately. There were differences in sex-specific factor structures of the AQ-C. These results suggest that the sex-specific Chinese versions of the AQ-C provide reliable and valid measurement of autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Psychometric properties of the chinese version of autism spectrum quotient-children's version: A sex-specific analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. SUN, Auteur ; M. DAI, Auteur ; L. LIN, Auteur ; X. SUN, Auteur ; A. L. MURRAY, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; J. JING, Auteur . - p.303-315. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.303-315 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  autism-spectrum quotient  autistic traits  children  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A Simplified Chinese translation of the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children's Version (AQ-C) is needed for research in mainland China. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that differs in presentation and prevalence by sex. Thus, evaluating the psychometric validity of the AQ-C in males and females is an important step in its validation. The present study aims to develop a Chinese translation of the parent-report AQ-C, and test its psychometric properties among Mandarin Chinese speaking boys and girls. A total of 1,020 non-clinical children and 134 children with ASD were assessed. Factor analyses were performed for the whole sample, as well as for girls and boys separately. A 30-item, 5-factor model (the Chinese AQ-C) showed adequate goodness of fit (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.037; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.907; Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.901) for the whole sample. According to parents' reports, non-clinical boys had significantly higher scores than non-clinical girls on the Chinese AQ-C. Sex-specific factor structures were identified resulting in a 4-factor model with 32 items for girls (the Chinese AQ-Girls), and a 4-factor model with 34 items for boys (the Chinese AQ-Boys). The cut-off scores of the Chinese AQ-C, AQ-Girls, and AQ-Boys were 44.5, 42.5, and 46.5, respectively. These three Chinese versions of the AQ-C all showed satisfactory internal consistency (alpha = 0.786-0.840) and concurrent validity with the Social Responsiveness Scale (r = 0.789-0.814) for the total scale. Differences have been found in the sex-specific factor structures of the AQ-C which would be more reliable to use for future research when measuring autistic traits in the general population. Autism Res 2019, 12: 303-315 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study developed Chinese versions of the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children's Version (AQ-C) in Chinese boys and girls together and separately. The AQ-C showed good psychometric properties in boys and girls together and separately. There were differences in sex-specific factor structures of the AQ-C. These results suggest that the sex-specific Chinese versions of the AQ-C provide reliable and valid measurement of autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder and other Developmental Disorders in Offspring / G. C. WINDHAM in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.316-327 Titre : Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder and other Developmental Disorders in Offspring Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; K. LYALL, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; T. V. E. KRAL, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; S. E. LEVY, Auteur ; C. B. BRADLEY, Auteur ; C. CORDERO, Auteur ; Larry J. YOUNG, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.316-327 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bmi  autism  autism spectrum disorder  developmental delay  epidemiology  gestational weight gain  maternal child health  obesity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most prior studies examining maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in relation to offspring autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have reported an association, though findings are not uniform and few have also examined gestational weight gain (GWG). Therefore, we examined both in the Study to Explore Early Development, a multi-site case-control study of children born in 2003-2006. Children identified from clinics, schools, and birth certificates were enrolled at ages 2-5 year and using standardized developmental evaluations, classified as: ASD, other developmental delays (DD), or population-based controls. Maternal height, weight, and GWG were self-reported during the telephone interview. Three primary weight risk factors were examined: (a) Pre-pregnancy BMI, classified as underweight to obese, (b) GWG continuous and categorized as quintiles, and (c) Institute of Medicine clinical weight-gain recommendations. Odds ratios adjusted (AOR) for sociodemographic and prenatal factors were calculated among term singletons, comparing the ASD (n = 540) or DD (n = 720) groups to the control group (n = 776). The AOR of ASD and maternal obesity was 1.37 (95%CI 0.98-1.92). Associations with higher GWG were stronger (Quintile5 vs. Quintile3 AOR = 1.58, 95%CI 1.08-2.31), and particularly so among overweight/obese women (AOR = 1.90, 95%CI 0.98-3.68). DD was associated with maternal overweight and obesity (obesity AOR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.08-2.02), but not with total GWG or clinical recommendations. High maternal BMI and GWG are risk factors for other pregnancy and child outcomes, and our results suggest they may also represent modifiable risk factors for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Autism Res 2019, 12: 316-327 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In a large, national study, we found that children with autism were more likely than unaffected children to have mothers with higher weight gain during pregnancy; risk of autism may be even stronger if mothers were also overweight before pregnancy. Children with other developmental delays were more likely to have mothers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy, but not who gained more weight during pregnancy. Overweight and weight gain may represent factors that could be modified. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2057 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder and other Developmental Disorders in Offspring [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; K. LYALL, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; T. V. E. KRAL, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; S. E. LEVY, Auteur ; C. B. BRADLEY, Auteur ; C. CORDERO, Auteur ; Larry J. YOUNG, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur . - p.316-327. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.316-327 Mots-clés : Bmi  autism  autism spectrum disorder  developmental delay  epidemiology  gestational weight gain  maternal child health  obesity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Most prior studies examining maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in relation to offspring autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have reported an association, though findings are not uniform and few have also examined gestational weight gain (GWG). Therefore, we examined both in the Study to Explore Early Development, a multi-site case-control study of children born in 2003-2006. Children identified from clinics, schools, and birth certificates were enrolled at ages 2-5 year and using standardized developmental evaluations, classified as: ASD, other developmental delays (DD), or population-based controls. Maternal height, weight, and GWG were self-reported during the telephone interview. Three primary weight risk factors were examined: (a) Pre-pregnancy BMI, classified as underweight to obese, (b) GWG continuous and categorized as quintiles, and (c) Institute of Medicine clinical weight-gain recommendations. Odds ratios adjusted (AOR) for sociodemographic and prenatal factors were calculated among term singletons, comparing the ASD (n = 540) or DD (n = 720) groups to the control group (n = 776). The AOR of ASD and maternal obesity was 1.37 (95%CI 0.98-1.92). Associations with higher GWG were stronger (Quintile5 vs. Quintile3 AOR = 1.58, 95%CI 1.08-2.31), and particularly so among overweight/obese women (AOR = 1.90, 95%CI 0.98-3.68). DD was associated with maternal overweight and obesity (obesity AOR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.08-2.02), but not with total GWG or clinical recommendations. High maternal BMI and GWG are risk factors for other pregnancy and child outcomes, and our results suggest they may also represent modifiable risk factors for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Autism Res 2019, 12: 316-327 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In a large, national study, we found that children with autism were more likely than unaffected children to have mothers with higher weight gain during pregnancy; risk of autism may be even stronger if mothers were also overweight before pregnancy. Children with other developmental delays were more likely to have mothers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy, but not who gained more weight during pregnancy. Overweight and weight gain may represent factors that could be modified. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2057 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383

The Feasibility and Effectiveness of PASS Plus, A Lay Health Worker Delivered Comprehensive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Pilot RCT in a Rural Low and Middle Income Country Setting / G. DIVAN in Autism Research, 12-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.328-339 Titre : The Feasibility and Effectiveness of PASS Plus, A Lay Health Worker Delivered Comprehensive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Pilot RCT in a Rural Low and Middle Income Country Setting Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. DIVAN, Auteur ; V. VAJARATKAR, Auteur ; P. CARDOZO, Auteur ; S. HUZURBAZAR, Auteur ; M. VERMA, Auteur ; E. HOWARTH, Auteur ; R. EMSLEY, Auteur ; C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; V. PATEL, Auteur ; J. GREEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.328-339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : clinical trials  co-morbid conditions  intervention  parent-mediated  task sharing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The treatment gap for autism globally is high. Our previous PASS intervention, delivered by community based lay health workers, showed effectiveness. This article reports the development and evaluation of a new "PASS 'Plus'" intervention in a rural population in India. Using formative research methods, we supplemented the PASS intervention with additional (Plus) modules to address autism comorbidities. This is the first time that a rigorous methodology has been used to evaluate autism symptom outcomes in a low and middle-income country setting. 40 parent-child dyads were recruited in a pilot randomized controlled trial against usual care (mean age 65 months (34 boys); n = 19 PASS Plus, n = 21 UC). 89% of intervention families partially or entirely completed the 12-session intervention. Intention to treat analysis showed a reduction in mean scores of autism symptom severity, though the confidence interval contains zero, (adjusted mean difference AMD -2.42 95% CI -7.75, 2.92; ES 0.22); large treatment effects on proximal outcomes of proportion of parent synchronous responses (AMD 0.35; 95% CI 0.18, 0.52; effect size ES 3.97) and proportion of child communication initiations with parent (AMD 0.17; 95% CI 0.03, 0.32; ES 1.02). Confidence intervals for effects on mutual shared attention (AMD 0.10; 95% CI -0.07, 0.27; ES 0.5) and co-morbid symptoms (AMD -9.0; 95% CI -24.26, 6.26; ES 0.32) contained zero. There were significant effects to improve parental mental health. PASS Plus shows good feasibility and adds to the evidence of the effectiveness of task sharing complex autism interventions to lay health workers in India. Autism Res 2019, 12: 328-339 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This article describes the development of a comprehensive, community-delivered, intervention for young children with autism, which combines a previously developed parent-mediated communication intervention with support for co-morbid problems like challenging behaviors and sensory sensitivities. The unique aspect of this intervention is that it can be delivered by community health workers, addressing the lack of specialists in low resource settings. Our study reports the encouraging findings of a pilot trial evaluating its feasibility and effectiveness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1978 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 [article] The Feasibility and Effectiveness of PASS Plus, A Lay Health Worker Delivered Comprehensive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders: Pilot RCT in a Rural Low and Middle Income Country Setting [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. DIVAN, Auteur ; V. VAJARATKAR, Auteur ; P. CARDOZO, Auteur ; S. HUZURBAZAR, Auteur ; M. VERMA, Auteur ; E. HOWARTH, Auteur ; R. EMSLEY, Auteur ; C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; V. PATEL, Auteur ; J. GREEN, Auteur . - p.328-339. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-2 (February 2019) . - p.328-339 Mots-clés : clinical trials  co-morbid conditions  intervention  parent-mediated  task sharing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The treatment gap for autism globally is high. Our previous PASS intervention, delivered by community based lay health workers, showed effectiveness. This article reports the development and evaluation of a new "PASS 'Plus'" intervention in a rural population in India. Using formative research methods, we supplemented the PASS intervention with additional (Plus) modules to address autism comorbidities. This is the first time that a rigorous methodology has been used to evaluate autism symptom outcomes in a low and middle-income country setting. 40 parent-child dyads were recruited in a pilot randomized controlled trial against usual care (mean age 65 months (34 boys); n = 19 PASS Plus, n = 21 UC). 89% of intervention families partially or entirely completed the 12-session intervention. Intention to treat analysis showed a reduction in mean scores of autism symptom severity, though the confidence interval contains zero, (adjusted mean difference AMD -2.42 95% CI -7.75, 2.92; ES 0.22); large treatment effects on proximal outcomes of proportion of parent synchronous responses (AMD 0.35; 95% CI 0.18, 0.52; effect size ES 3.97) and proportion of child communication initiations with parent (AMD 0.17; 95% CI 0.03, 0.32; ES 1.02). Confidence intervals for effects on mutual shared attention (AMD 0.10; 95% CI -0.07, 0.27; ES 0.5) and co-morbid symptoms (AMD -9.0; 95% CI -24.26, 6.26; ES 0.32) contained zero. There were significant effects to improve parental mental health. PASS Plus shows good feasibility and adds to the evidence of the effectiveness of task sharing complex autism interventions to lay health workers in India. Autism Res 2019, 12: 328-339 (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This article describes the development of a comprehensive, community-delivered, intervention for young children with autism, which combines a previously developed parent-mediated communication intervention with support for co-morbid problems like challenging behaviors and sensory sensitivities. The unique aspect of this intervention is that it can be delivered by community health workers, addressing the lack of specialists in low resource settings. Our study reports the encouraging findings of a pilot trial evaluating its feasibility and effectiveness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1978 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383