Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence – a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict / Felicity L. BROWN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-4 (April 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-4 (April 2017) . - p.507-524 Titre : Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence – a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Felicity L. BROWN, Auteur ; Anne M. DE GRAAFF, Auteur ; Jeannie ANNAN, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.507-524 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Armed conflict  war  violence  developing countries  children  adolescents  youth  mental health  well-being  psychosocial treatment  systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Globally, one in 10 children live in regions affected by armed conflict. Children exposed to armed conflict are vulnerable to social and emotional difficulties, along with disrupted educational and occupational opportunities. Most armed conflicts occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mental health systems are limited and can be further weakened by the context of war. Research is needed to determine feasible and cost-effective psychosocial interventions that can be delivered safely by available mental health workforces (including nonspecialists). A vital first step toward achieving this is to examine evidence-based psychosocial interventions and identify the common therapeutic techniques being used across these treatments. Methods A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for conflict-affected children and youth living in LMICs was performed. Studies were identified through database searches (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PILOTS and Web of Science Core Collection), hand-searching of reference lists, and contacting expert researchers. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distill the practice elements within clinical protocols. Results Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials and controlled trials conducted in conflict-affected settings, and 25 efficacious treatments were identified. Several practice elements were found across more than 50% of the intervention protocols of these treatments. These were access promotion, psychoeducation for children and parents, insight building, rapport building techniques, cognitive strategies, use of narratives, exposure techniques, and relapse prevention. Conclusions Identification of the common practice elements of effective interventions for conflict-affected children and youth can inform essential future treatment development, implementation, and evaluation for this vulnerable population. To further advance the field, research should focus on identifying which of these elements are the active ingredients for clinical change, along with attention to costs of delivery, training, supervision and how to sustain quality implementation over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12671 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305 [article] Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence – a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Felicity L. BROWN, Auteur ; Anne M. DE GRAAFF, Auteur ; Jeannie ANNAN, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur . - p.507-524. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-4 (April 2017) . - p.507-524 Mots-clés : Armed conflict  war  violence  developing countries  children  adolescents  youth  mental health  well-being  psychosocial treatment  systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Globally, one in 10 children live in regions affected by armed conflict. Children exposed to armed conflict are vulnerable to social and emotional difficulties, along with disrupted educational and occupational opportunities. Most armed conflicts occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mental health systems are limited and can be further weakened by the context of war. Research is needed to determine feasible and cost-effective psychosocial interventions that can be delivered safely by available mental health workforces (including nonspecialists). A vital first step toward achieving this is to examine evidence-based psychosocial interventions and identify the common therapeutic techniques being used across these treatments. Methods A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for conflict-affected children and youth living in LMICs was performed. Studies were identified through database searches (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PILOTS and Web of Science Core Collection), hand-searching of reference lists, and contacting expert researchers. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distill the practice elements within clinical protocols. Results Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials and controlled trials conducted in conflict-affected settings, and 25 efficacious treatments were identified. Several practice elements were found across more than 50% of the intervention protocols of these treatments. These were access promotion, psychoeducation for children and parents, insight building, rapport building techniques, cognitive strategies, use of narratives, exposure techniques, and relapse prevention. Conclusions Identification of the common practice elements of effective interventions for conflict-affected children and youth can inform essential future treatment development, implementation, and evaluation for this vulnerable population. To further advance the field, research should focus on identifying which of these elements are the active ingredients for clinical change, along with attention to costs of delivery, training, supervision and how to sustain quality implementation over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12671 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305

Annual Research Review: Mental health and resilience in HIV/AIDS-affected children – a review of the literature and recommendations for future research / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.423-444 Titre : Annual Research Review: Mental health and resilience in HIV/AIDS-affected children – a review of the literature and recommendations for future research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Sarah E. MEYERS-OHKI, Auteur ; Alexandra CHARROW, Auteur ; Nathan HANSEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.423-444 Mots-clés : HIV/AIDS  children  families  resilience  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: To date, research on mental health in HIV- affected children (children who have an HIV-positive caregiver or live with the virus themselves) has focused on risk factors associated with the disease. However, simultaneous identification of factors that contribute to resilience in the face of risks is also needed. A greater understanding of modifiable protective processes that contribute to resilience in the mental health of children affected by HIV can inform the design of interventions that bolster naturally occurring supports and contribute to early prevention or better management of risks. Methods: We reviewed the recent literature on mental health and resilience in children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS. Literature searches of PsycInfo and PubMed were conducted during July–December 2011 consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included for review if primary research questions pertained to mental health and coping or protective processes in children and families affected by HIV/AIDS. All studies subject to full review were evaluated for quality using a modified Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR) rating system. Results: One hundred and seventy one unique studies were returned from online searches of the literature and bibliography mining. Of these, 29 were evaluated as pertaining directly to mental health and resilience in families and children living with HIV/AIDS. Eight studies presented qualitative analyses. Ten quantitative studies examined individual resources contributing to child resilience and four quantitative studies looked at family-level resources. Ten studies also investigated community level interactions. Four presented findings from resilience-focused interventions. Conclusions: There is a clear need for rigorous research on mental health and resilience in HIV-affected children and adolescents. The evidence base would greatly benefit from more standardized and robust approaches to thinking about resilience from an ecological perspective inclusive of resources at multiple levels and their interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02613.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: Mental health and resilience in HIV/AIDS-affected children – a review of the literature and recommendations for future research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Sarah E. MEYERS-OHKI, Auteur ; Alexandra CHARROW, Auteur ; Nathan HANSEN, Auteur . - p.423-444. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.423-444 Mots-clés : HIV/AIDS  children  families  resilience  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: To date, research on mental health in HIV- affected children (children who have an HIV-positive caregiver or live with the virus themselves) has focused on risk factors associated with the disease. However, simultaneous identification of factors that contribute to resilience in the face of risks is also needed. A greater understanding of modifiable protective processes that contribute to resilience in the mental health of children affected by HIV can inform the design of interventions that bolster naturally occurring supports and contribute to early prevention or better management of risks. Methods: We reviewed the recent literature on mental health and resilience in children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS. Literature searches of PsycInfo and PubMed were conducted during July–December 2011 consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included for review if primary research questions pertained to mental health and coping or protective processes in children and families affected by HIV/AIDS. All studies subject to full review were evaluated for quality using a modified Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR) rating system. Results: One hundred and seventy one unique studies were returned from online searches of the literature and bibliography mining. Of these, 29 were evaluated as pertaining directly to mental health and resilience in families and children living with HIV/AIDS. Eight studies presented qualitative analyses. Ten quantitative studies examined individual resources contributing to child resilience and four quantitative studies looked at family-level resources. Ten studies also investigated community level interactions. Four presented findings from resilience-focused interventions. Conclusions: There is a clear need for rigorous research on mental health and resilience in HIV-affected children and adolescents. The evidence base would greatly benefit from more standardized and robust approaches to thinking about resilience from an ecological perspective inclusive of resources at multiple levels and their interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02613.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Classifying childhood war trauma exposure: latent profile analyses of Sierra Leone's former child soldiers / S. SU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-6 (June 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-6 (June 2021) . - p.751-761 Titre : Classifying childhood war trauma exposure: latent profile analyses of Sierra Leone's former child soldiers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. SU, Auteur ; R. L. FROUNFELKER, Auteur ; A. DESROSIERS, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur ; J. FARRAR, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.751-761 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Child  Family  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Military Personnel  Sierra Leone/epidemiology  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology  Warfare  Childhood war trauma  Ptsd  former child soldiers  latent profile analysis  mental health outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Former child soldiers are at elevated risk for mental health problems (e.g., traumatic stress, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing and externalizing problems). To examine which groups of former child soldiers are more likely to have difficulties with emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, and mental health postconflict, we explored patterns of war trauma exposure and their effects on subsequent mental health problems among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. METHODS: Participants were 415 (23.86% female) Sierra Leonean former child soldiers participating in a 15-year, four-wave longitudinal study. At T1 (2002), 282 former child soldiers (aged 10-17) were recruited. T2 (2004) included 186 participants from T1 and an additional cohort of self-reintegrated former child soldiers (NT2 = 132). T3 (2008) and T4 (2016/2017) participants were youth enrolled in previous waves (NT3 = 315; NT4 = 364). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify participants based on the first-time reports of eight forms of war exposure (separation and loss of assets, parental loss, loss of loved ones, witnessing violence, victimization, perpetrating violence, noncombat activities, and deprivation). ANOVA examined whether patterns of war exposure were associated with sociodemographic characteristics and mental health outcomes between T1 and T4. RESULTS: LPA identified two profiles: higher exposure versus lower exposure, using cumulative scores of eight forms of war-related trauma exposure. The 'higher war exposure' group comprised 226 (54.5%) former child soldiers and the 'lower war exposure' group included 189 (45.5%). Significantly higher levels of violence-related and combat experiences characterized the group exposed to more traumatic events. The 'higher war exposure' group reported more PTSD symptoms at T2, more hyperarousal symptoms across all waves, and more difficulties in emotion regulation at T4. CONCLUSIONS: Former child soldiers exposed to higher levels of war-related traumatic events and loss should be prioritized for mental health services immediately postconflict and as they transition into adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 [article] Classifying childhood war trauma exposure: latent profile analyses of Sierra Leone's former child soldiers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. SU, Auteur ; R. L. FROUNFELKER, Auteur ; A. DESROSIERS, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur ; J. FARRAR, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur . - p.751-761. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-6 (June 2021) . - p.751-761 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Child  Family  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Military Personnel  Sierra Leone/epidemiology  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology  Warfare  Childhood war trauma  Ptsd  former child soldiers  latent profile analysis  mental health outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Former child soldiers are at elevated risk for mental health problems (e.g., traumatic stress, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing and externalizing problems). To examine which groups of former child soldiers are more likely to have difficulties with emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, and mental health postconflict, we explored patterns of war trauma exposure and their effects on subsequent mental health problems among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. METHODS: Participants were 415 (23.86% female) Sierra Leonean former child soldiers participating in a 15-year, four-wave longitudinal study. At T1 (2002), 282 former child soldiers (aged 10-17) were recruited. T2 (2004) included 186 participants from T1 and an additional cohort of self-reintegrated former child soldiers (NT2 = 132). T3 (2008) and T4 (2016/2017) participants were youth enrolled in previous waves (NT3 = 315; NT4 = 364). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify participants based on the first-time reports of eight forms of war exposure (separation and loss of assets, parental loss, loss of loved ones, witnessing violence, victimization, perpetrating violence, noncombat activities, and deprivation). ANOVA examined whether patterns of war exposure were associated with sociodemographic characteristics and mental health outcomes between T1 and T4. RESULTS: LPA identified two profiles: higher exposure versus lower exposure, using cumulative scores of eight forms of war-related trauma exposure. The 'higher war exposure' group comprised 226 (54.5%) former child soldiers and the 'lower war exposure' group included 189 (45.5%). Significantly higher levels of violence-related and combat experiences characterized the group exposed to more traumatic events. The 'higher war exposure' group reported more PTSD symptoms at T2, more hyperarousal symptoms across all waves, and more difficulties in emotion regulation at T4. CONCLUSIONS: Former child soldiers exposed to higher levels of war-related traumatic events and loss should be prioritized for mental health services immediately postconflict and as they transition into adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456

Commentary: Advancing an implementation science agenda on mental health and psychosocial responses in war-affected settings: comment on trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis - by Panter-Brick et al. (2018) / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-5 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-5 (May 2018) . - p.542-544 Titre : Commentary: Advancing an implementation science agenda on mental health and psychosocial responses in war-affected settings: comment on trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis - by Panter-Brick et al. (2018) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; M. FAZEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.542-544 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Syria's civil conflict has created the largest humanitarian disaster of our time, causing massive population displacement, tremendous exposure to trauma, and loss. Advancing the mental health and psychosocial responses of war-affected populations both during acute humanitarian emergencies and in post-conflict transition is imperative in forging a constructive implementation agenda. This study makes an important contribution in building evidence toward effective interventions to advance the mental health and well-being of those affected by the Syrian crisis. Using an innovative approach, this work demonstrates that a thoughtful, ethical, and scientifically valid trial can be carried out in the midst of mass displacement. Further research is urgently needed on the effectiveness of interventions for vulnerable populations, with a growing need to embed studies of evidence-based mental health interventions within humanitarian responses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12870 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=359 [article] Commentary: Advancing an implementation science agenda on mental health and psychosocial responses in war-affected settings: comment on trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis - by Panter-Brick et al. (2018) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; M. FAZEL, Auteur . - p.542-544. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-5 (May 2018) . - p.542-544 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Syria's civil conflict has created the largest humanitarian disaster of our time, causing massive population displacement, tremendous exposure to trauma, and loss. Advancing the mental health and psychosocial responses of war-affected populations both during acute humanitarian emergencies and in post-conflict transition is imperative in forging a constructive implementation agenda. This study makes an important contribution in building evidence toward effective interventions to advance the mental health and well-being of those affected by the Syrian crisis. Using an innovative approach, this work demonstrates that a thoughtful, ethical, and scientifically valid trial can be carried out in the midst of mass displacement. Further research is urgently needed on the effectiveness of interventions for vulnerable populations, with a growing need to embed studies of evidence-based mental health interventions within humanitarian responses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12870 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=359

Conducting longitudinal, process-oriented research with conflict-affected youth: Solving the inevitable challenges / Eric F. DUBOW in Development and Psychopathology, 29-1 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-1 (February 2017) . - p.85-92 Titre : Conducting longitudinal, process-oriented research with conflict-affected youth: Solving the inevitable challenges Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eric F. DUBOW, Auteur ; J. Lawrence ABER, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; L. Rowell HUESMANN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.85-92 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractThe reader might get the impression that the four projects described in this Special Section proceeded in a systematic and predictable way. Of course, those of us engaged in each research project encountered pitfalls and challenges along the way. A main goal of this Special Section is to provide pathways and encouragement for those who may be interested in advancing high-quality research on this topic. In this paper, we describe a set of practical and ethical challenges that we encountered in conducting our longitudinal, process-oriented, and translational research with conflict-affected youth, and we illustrate how problems can be solved with the goal of maintaining the internal and external validity of the research designs. We are hopeful that by describing the challenges of our work, and how we overcame them, which are seldom treated in this or any other literature on research on child development in high-risk contexts, we can offer a realistic and encouraging picture of conducting methodologically sound research in conflict-affected contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Conducting longitudinal, process-oriented research with conflict-affected youth: Solving the inevitable challenges [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eric F. DUBOW, Auteur ; J. Lawrence ABER, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; E. Mark CUMMINGS, Auteur ; L. Rowell HUESMANN, Auteur . - p.85-92. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-1 (February 2017) . - p.85-92 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractThe reader might get the impression that the four projects described in this Special Section proceeded in a systematic and predictable way. Of course, those of us engaged in each research project encountered pitfalls and challenges along the way. A main goal of this Special Section is to provide pathways and encouragement for those who may be interested in advancing high-quality research on this topic. In this paper, we describe a set of practical and ethical challenges that we encountered in conducting our longitudinal, process-oriented, and translational research with conflict-affected youth, and we illustrate how problems can be solved with the goal of maintaining the internal and external validity of the research designs. We are hopeful that by describing the challenges of our work, and how we overcame them, which are seldom treated in this or any other literature on research on child development in high-risk contexts, we can offer a realistic and encouraging picture of conducting methodologically sound research in conflict-affected contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

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Coping and mental health outcomes among Sierra Leonean war-affected youth: Results from a longitudinal study / Manasi SHARMA in Development and Psychopathology, 29-1 (February 2017)  

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Family-based promotion of mental health in children affected by HIV: a pilot randomized controlled trial / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-8 (August 2017)  

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Intergenerational impacts of trauma and hardship through parenting / S. K. G. JENSEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-8 (August 2021)  

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Mediators of focused psychosocial support interventions for children in low-resource humanitarian settings: analysis from an Individual Participant Dataset with 3,143 participants / Marianna PURGATO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-5 (May 2020)  

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Research Review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers ? a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

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The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

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