Evaluating Posed and Evoked Facial Expressions of Emotion from Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Daniel J. FASO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-1 (January 2015) . - p.75-89 Titre : Evaluating Posed and Evoked Facial Expressions of Emotion from Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.75-89 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Faces  Expressivity  Emotion  Affect  Social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Though many studies have examined facial affect perception by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little research has investigated how facial expressivity in ASD is perceived by others. Here, naïve female observers (n = 38) judged the intensity, naturalness and emotional category of expressions produced by adults with ASD (n = 6) and typically developing (TD) adults (n = 6) in both a posed condition and an evoked condition in which emotions were naturalistically elicited and validated. ASD expressions were rated as more intense and less natural than TD expressions but contrary to prediction were identified with greater accuracy, an effect driven primarily by angry expressions. Naturalness ratings of evoked expressions were positively associated with identification accuracy for TD but not ASD individuals. Collectively, these findings highlight differences, but not a reduction, in facial expressivity in ASD that do not hinder emotion recognition accuracy but may affect social interaction quality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2194-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258 [article] Evaluating Posed and Evoked Facial Expressions of Emotion from Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur . - p.75-89. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-1 (January 2015) . - p.75-89 Mots-clés : Faces  Expressivity  Emotion  Affect  Social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Though many studies have examined facial affect perception by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little research has investigated how facial expressivity in ASD is perceived by others. Here, naïve female observers (n = 38) judged the intensity, naturalness and emotional category of expressions produced by adults with ASD (n = 6) and typically developing (TD) adults (n = 6) in both a posed condition and an evoked condition in which emotions were naturalistically elicited and validated. ASD expressions were rated as more intense and less natural than TD expressions but contrary to prediction were identified with greater accuracy, an effect driven primarily by angry expressions. Naturalness ratings of evoked expressions were positively associated with identification accuracy for TD but not ASD individuals. Collectively, these findings highlight differences, but not a reduction, in facial expressivity in ASD that do not hinder emotion recognition accuracy but may affect social interaction quality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2194-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258

Production and perception of emotional prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder / Daniel J. HUBBARD in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1991-2001 Titre : Production and perception of emotional prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel J. HUBBARD, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Peter F. ASSMANN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1991-2001 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  emotion  affective prosody  expressive speech  vocal affect  speech production  speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined production and perception of affective prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research has reported increased pitch variability in talkers with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) controls in grammatical speaking tasks (e.g., comparing interrogative vs. declarative sentences), but it is unclear whether this pattern extends to emotional speech. In this study, speech recordings in five emotion contexts (angry, happy, interested, sad, and neutral) were obtained from 15 adult males with ASD and 15 controls (Experiment 1), and were later presented to 52 listeners (22 with ASD) who were asked to identify the emotion expressed and rate the level of naturalness of the emotion in each recording (Experiment 2). Compared to the TD group, talkers with ASD produced phrases with greater intensity, longer durations, and increased pitch range for all emotions except neutral, suggesting that their greater pitch variability was specific to emotional contexts. When asked to identify emotion from speech, both groups of listeners were more accurate at identifying the emotion context from speech produced by ASD speakers compared to TD speakers, but rated ASD emotional speech as sounding less natural. Collectively, these results reveal differences in emotional speech production in talkers with ASD that provide an acoustic basis for reported perceptions of oddness in the speech presentation of adults with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1991–2001. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study examined emotional speech communication produced and perceived by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically-developing (TD) controls. Compared to the TD group, talkers with ASD produced emotional phrases that were louder, longer, and more variable in pitch. Both ASD and TD listeners were more accurate at identifying emotion in speech produced by ASD speakers compared to TD speakers, but rated ASD emotional speech as sounding less natural. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1847 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Production and perception of emotional prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel J. HUBBARD, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Peter F. ASSMANN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.1991-2001. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1991-2001 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  emotion  affective prosody  expressive speech  vocal affect  speech production  speech perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined production and perception of affective prosody by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research has reported increased pitch variability in talkers with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) controls in grammatical speaking tasks (e.g., comparing interrogative vs. declarative sentences), but it is unclear whether this pattern extends to emotional speech. In this study, speech recordings in five emotion contexts (angry, happy, interested, sad, and neutral) were obtained from 15 adult males with ASD and 15 controls (Experiment 1), and were later presented to 52 listeners (22 with ASD) who were asked to identify the emotion expressed and rate the level of naturalness of the emotion in each recording (Experiment 2). Compared to the TD group, talkers with ASD produced phrases with greater intensity, longer durations, and increased pitch range for all emotions except neutral, suggesting that their greater pitch variability was specific to emotional contexts. When asked to identify emotion from speech, both groups of listeners were more accurate at identifying the emotion context from speech produced by ASD speakers compared to TD speakers, but rated ASD emotional speech as sounding less natural. Collectively, these results reveal differences in emotional speech production in talkers with ASD that provide an acoustic basis for reported perceptions of oddness in the speech presentation of adults with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1991–2001. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study examined emotional speech communication produced and perceived by adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically-developing (TD) controls. Compared to the TD group, talkers with ASD produced emotional phrases that were louder, longer, and more variable in pitch. Both ASD and TD listeners were more accurate at identifying emotion in speech produced by ASD speakers compared to TD speakers, but rated ASD emotional speech as sounding less natural. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1847 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

The content and function of interests in the broad autism phenotype / Kerrianne E. MORRISON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.25-33 Titre : The content and function of interests in the broad autism phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kerrianne E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Lacey K. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.25-33 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Broad autism phenotype  Circumscribed interests  Interests  Adults Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to mild characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that extend beyond the threshold of diagnosis into the general population. Individuals with BAP traits exhibit reduced social skill and social cognitive ability relative to individuals without these traits, but the degree to which non-social aspects of ASD extend to the BAP has received considerably less attention. The current study examined whether a prominent non-social characteristic of ASD, circumscribed interests (CIs), are qualitatively similar in the BAP. Method Typically-developing adults (N?=?174) categorized as either BAP positive (n?=?49) or BAP negative (n?=?125) on the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire rated their subjective emotional responses to images of common CIs and non-CIs (i.e., interests not commonly reported in ASD). Participants also completed the Interests Scale measuring the number of their current interests and the intensity with which they pursue their primary interest. Results BAP positive adults rated CIs more arousing (i.e., more energizing) and non-CIs lower on valence (i.e., less pleasurable) compared to BAP negative adults. Additionally, BAP positive males but not females showed higher valence responses for CIs relative to their BAP negative counterparts. BAP positive adults also endorsed more CIs than BAP negative adults on the Interests Scale, and reported greater intensity and inflexibility when engaging with their primary interest. Conclusions These findings suggest that many aspects of the content and function of CIs reported for autism extend to the BAP in the general population in a milder form. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] The content and function of interests in the broad autism phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kerrianne E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Lacey K. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.25-33. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.25-33 Mots-clés : Broad autism phenotype  Circumscribed interests  Interests  Adults Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to mild characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that extend beyond the threshold of diagnosis into the general population. Individuals with BAP traits exhibit reduced social skill and social cognitive ability relative to individuals without these traits, but the degree to which non-social aspects of ASD extend to the BAP has received considerably less attention. The current study examined whether a prominent non-social characteristic of ASD, circumscribed interests (CIs), are qualitatively similar in the BAP. Method Typically-developing adults (N?=?174) categorized as either BAP positive (n?=?49) or BAP negative (n?=?125) on the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire rated their subjective emotional responses to images of common CIs and non-CIs (i.e., interests not commonly reported in ASD). Participants also completed the Interests Scale measuring the number of their current interests and the intensity with which they pursue their primary interest. Results BAP positive adults rated CIs more arousing (i.e., more energizing) and non-CIs lower on valence (i.e., less pleasurable) compared to BAP negative adults. Additionally, BAP positive males but not females showed higher valence responses for CIs relative to their BAP negative counterparts. BAP positive adults also endorsed more CIs than BAP negative adults on the Interests Scale, and reported greater intensity and inflexibility when engaging with their primary interest. Conclusions These findings suggest that many aspects of the content and function of CIs reported for autism extend to the BAP in the general population in a milder form. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

Vicarious futurity, hope, and well-being in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder / Daniel J. FASO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-2 (February 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-2 (February 2013) . - p.288-297 Titre : Vicarious futurity, hope, and well-being in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; A. Rebecca NEAL-BEEVERS, Auteur ; Caryn L. CARLSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.288-297 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Parents  Well-being  Hope  Despair  Stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Hope is shown to provide resiliency for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) against the negative effects related to extreme parenting stressors. The broad positivity of hope may overlook opposing parental feelings about their child that may be important for well-being. Vicarious futurity (VF) is the hope and despair a parent feels for the future of their child, which reflects both positive and negative components of parental attitudes directed toward their child. In this study we examined how vicarious futurity related to hope, and how each predicted well-being in 71 parents (53 mothers) of children with ASD. Results indicated that regardless of child symptom severity, vicarious futurity strongly predicted stress experienced by parents, hope predicted depressive symptoms, and both predicted life satisfaction. Vicarious futurity and hope were found to be weakly correlated, indicating that both constructs are largely independent when influencing the well-being of parents raising a child with ASD. General hopefulness is important for parental well-being, but in the unique context of parents raising children with ASD, child focused constructs that measure both positive and negative components, such as vicarious futurity, may be more informative and useful when understanding how parental feelings about their child influence their own well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.014 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Vicarious futurity, hope, and well-being in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; A. Rebecca NEAL-BEEVERS, Auteur ; Caryn L. CARLSON, Auteur . - p.288-297. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-2 (February 2013) . - p.288-297 Mots-clés : Autism  Parents  Well-being  Hope  Despair  Stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Hope is shown to provide resiliency for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) against the negative effects related to extreme parenting stressors. The broad positivity of hope may overlook opposing parental feelings about their child that may be important for well-being. Vicarious futurity (VF) is the hope and despair a parent feels for the future of their child, which reflects both positive and negative components of parental attitudes directed toward their child. In this study we examined how vicarious futurity related to hope, and how each predicted well-being in 71 parents (53 mothers) of children with ASD. Results indicated that regardless of child symptom severity, vicarious futurity strongly predicted stress experienced by parents, hope predicted depressive symptoms, and both predicted life satisfaction. Vicarious futurity and hope were found to be weakly correlated, indicating that both constructs are largely independent when influencing the well-being of parents raising a child with ASD. General hopefulness is important for parental well-being, but in the unique context of parents raising children with ASD, child focused constructs that measure both positive and negative components, such as vicarious futurity, may be more informative and useful when understanding how parental feelings about their child influence their own well-being. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.014 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

When Father Doesn't Know Best: Selective Disagreement Between Self-Report and Informant Report of the Broad Autism Phenotype in Parents of a Child with Autism / Noah J. SASSON in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.731-739 Titre : When Father Doesn't Know Best: Selective Disagreement Between Self-Report and Informant Report of the Broad Autism Phenotype in Parents of a Child with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Morgan PARLIER, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.731-739 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : clinical psychiatry  clinical psychology  social cognition  personality assessment  personality traits  informant reports  broad autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) is a reliable tool for identifying three autism-related traits—social aloofness, pragmatic language abnormalities and rigid personality—within families of a person with autism and the general population. Although little is known concerning agreement between self-report and informant report versions of the BAPQ, identifying individual characteristics affecting agreement between the two can highlight important considerations for maximizing its yield, particularly when only one version is administered. Here, analysis of self-report and informant report of the BAPQ completed by 444 parents of a child with autism revealed moderate to strong agreement between the two versions for all three broad autism phenotype (BAP) traits when the self-reporting parent did not possess the trait being assessed. In contrast, disagreement selectively occurred when the assessed parent was positive for the BAP trait being rated. This pattern was driven primarily by fathers who were positive for a BAP trait endorsing lower levels of that trait relative to informant report. This discrepancy did not occur for mothers, nor did it occur for fathers lacking BAP traits. Because this pattern was specific to fathers positive for BAP traits, it likely reflects selective “blind spots” in their self-reporting and not poorer self-reporting by fathers more broadly, nor a general tendency of overreporting by informant mothers. The presence of BAP traits in informing parents, however, largely did not reduce agreement between self-report and informant report. In sum, self-report may underestimate the presence of BAP traits in fathers but is generally consistent with informant report for mothers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1425 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256 [article] When Father Doesn't Know Best: Selective Disagreement Between Self-Report and Informant Report of the Broad Autism Phenotype in Parents of a Child with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Morgan PARLIER, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur . - p.731-739. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-6 (December 2014) . - p.731-739 Mots-clés : clinical psychiatry  clinical psychology  social cognition  personality assessment  personality traits  informant reports  broad autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) is a reliable tool for identifying three autism-related traits—social aloofness, pragmatic language abnormalities and rigid personality—within families of a person with autism and the general population. Although little is known concerning agreement between self-report and informant report versions of the BAPQ, identifying individual characteristics affecting agreement between the two can highlight important considerations for maximizing its yield, particularly when only one version is administered. Here, analysis of self-report and informant report of the BAPQ completed by 444 parents of a child with autism revealed moderate to strong agreement between the two versions for all three broad autism phenotype (BAP) traits when the self-reporting parent did not possess the trait being assessed. In contrast, disagreement selectively occurred when the assessed parent was positive for the BAP trait being rated. This pattern was driven primarily by fathers who were positive for a BAP trait endorsing lower levels of that trait relative to informant report. This discrepancy did not occur for mothers, nor did it occur for fathers lacking BAP traits. Because this pattern was specific to fathers positive for BAP traits, it likely reflects selective “blind spots” in their self-reporting and not poorer self-reporting by fathers more broadly, nor a general tendency of overreporting by informant mothers. The presence of BAP traits in informing parents, however, largely did not reduce agreement between self-report and informant report. In sum, self-report may underestimate the presence of BAP traits in fathers but is generally consistent with informant report for mothers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1425 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256

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