Failure to deactivate the default mode network indicates a possible endophenotype of autism / Michael D. SPENCER in Molecular Autism, (December 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (December 2012) . - 9 p. Titre : Failure to deactivate the default mode network indicates a possible endophenotype of autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael D. SPENCER, Auteur ; Lindsay R. CHURA, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur ; John SUCKLING, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 9 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Default mode network  Functional MRI  Endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Reduced activity during cognitively demanding tasks has been reported in the default mode network in typically developing controls and individuals with autism. However, no study has investigated the default mode network (DMN) in first-degree relatives of those with autism (such as siblings) and it is not known whether atypical activation of the DMN is specific to autism or whether it is also present in unaffected relatives. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the pattern of task-related deactivation during completion of a visual search task, the Embedded Figures Task, in teenagers with autism, their unaffected siblings and typically developing controls.FINDINGS:We identified striking reductions in deactivation during the Embedded Figures Task in unaffected siblings compared to controls in brain regions corresponding to the default mode network. Adolescents with autism and their unaffected siblings similarly failed to deactivate regions, including posterior cingulate and bilateral inferior parietal cortex.CONCLUSIONS:This suggests that a failure to deactivate these regions is a functional endophenotype of autism, related to familial risk for the condition shared between individuals with autism and their siblings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-15 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 [article] Failure to deactivate the default mode network indicates a possible endophenotype of autism [texte imprimé] / Michael D. SPENCER, Auteur ; Lindsay R. CHURA, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur ; John SUCKLING, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - 9 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (December 2012) . - 9 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Default mode network  Functional MRI  Endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:Reduced activity during cognitively demanding tasks has been reported in the default mode network in typically developing controls and individuals with autism. However, no study has investigated the default mode network (DMN) in first-degree relatives of those with autism (such as siblings) and it is not known whether atypical activation of the DMN is specific to autism or whether it is also present in unaffected relatives. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the pattern of task-related deactivation during completion of a visual search task, the Embedded Figures Task, in teenagers with autism, their unaffected siblings and typically developing controls.FINDINGS:We identified striking reductions in deactivation during the Embedded Figures Task in unaffected siblings compared to controls in brain regions corresponding to the default mode network. Adolescents with autism and their unaffected siblings similarly failed to deactivate regions, including posterior cingulate and bilateral inferior parietal cortex.CONCLUSIONS:This suggests that a failure to deactivate these regions is a functional endophenotype of autism, related to familial risk for the condition shared between individuals with autism and their siblings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-15 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202

Psychological Correlates of Handedness and Corpus Callosum Asymmetry in Autism: The left Hemisphere Dysfunction Theory Revisited / Dorothea L. FLORIS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-8 (August 2013) . - p.1758-1772 Titre : Psychological Correlates of Handedness and Corpus Callosum Asymmetry in Autism: The left Hemisphere Dysfunction Theory Revisited Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dorothea L. FLORIS, Auteur ; Lindsay R. CHURA, Auteur ; Rosemary J. HOLT, Auteur ; John SUCKLING, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Michael D. SPENCER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1758-1772 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Corpus callosum  Handedness  Asymmetry  Lateralization  Broader autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rightward cerebral lateralization has been suggested to be involved in the neuropathology of autism spectrum conditions. We investigated functional and neuroanatomical asymmetry, in terms of handedness and corpus callosum measurements in male adolescents with autism, their unaffected siblings and controls, and their associations with executive dysfunction and symptom severity. Adolescents with autism did not differ from controls in functional asymmetry, but neuroanatomically showed the expected pattern of stronger rightward lateralization in the posterior and anterior midbody based on their hand-preference. Measures of symptom severity were related to rightward asymmetry in three subregions (splenium, posterior midbody and rostral body). We found the opposite pattern for the isthmus and rostrum with better cognitive and less severe clinical scores associated with rightward lateralization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1720-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=205 [article] Psychological Correlates of Handedness and Corpus Callosum Asymmetry in Autism: The left Hemisphere Dysfunction Theory Revisited [texte imprimé] / Dorothea L. FLORIS, Auteur ; Lindsay R. CHURA, Auteur ; Rosemary J. HOLT, Auteur ; John SUCKLING, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Michael D. SPENCER, Auteur . - p.1758-1772. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-8 (August 2013) . - p.1758-1772 Mots-clés : Autism  Corpus callosum  Handedness  Asymmetry  Lateralization  Broader autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rightward cerebral lateralization has been suggested to be involved in the neuropathology of autism spectrum conditions. We investigated functional and neuroanatomical asymmetry, in terms of handedness and corpus callosum measurements in male adolescents with autism, their unaffected siblings and controls, and their associations with executive dysfunction and symptom severity. Adolescents with autism did not differ from controls in functional asymmetry, but neuroanatomically showed the expected pattern of stronger rightward lateralization in the posterior and anterior midbody based on their hand-preference. Measures of symptom severity were related to rightward asymmetry in three subregions (splenium, posterior midbody and rostral body). We found the opposite pattern for the isthmus and rostrum with better cognitive and less severe clinical scores associated with rightward lateralization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1720-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=205

The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism / F. UZEFOVSKY in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 12 p. Titre : The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : F. UZEFOVSKY, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; S. SHAMAY-TSOORY, Auteur ; A. RUIGROK, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; M. SPENCER, Auteur ; Lindsay R. CHURA, Auteur ; V. WARRIER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; D. FLORIS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Imaging genetics  Oxytocin receptor  Supramarginal gyrus  fMRI  the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and  with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008.Not applicable.The  authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains  neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional  affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Autism is a highly varied and heritable neurodevelopmental condition, and common variants explain approximately 50% of the genetic variance of autism. One of the genes implicated in autism is the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). The current study combined genetic and brain imaging (fMRI) data to examine the moderating effect of genotype on the association between diagnosis and brain activity in response to a test of cognitive empathy. Methods: Participants were adolescents (mean age = 14.7 +/- 1.7) who were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the OXTR and underwent functional brain imaging while completing the adolescent version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test). Results: Two (rs2254298, rs53576) of the five OXTR SNPs examined were significantly associated with brain activity during the Eyes Test, and three of the SNPs (rs2254298, rs53576, rs2268491) interacted with diagnostic status to predict brain activity. All of the effects localized to the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and an overlap analysis revealed a large overlap of the effects. An exploratory analysis showed that activity within an anatomically defined rSMG and genotype can predict diagnostic status with reasonable accuracy. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to investigate OXTR and brain function in autism. The findings suggest a neurogenetic mechanism by which OXTR-dependent activity within the rSMG is related to the aetiology of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0258-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism [texte imprimé] / F. UZEFOVSKY, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; S. SHAMAY-TSOORY, Auteur ; A. RUIGROK, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; M. SPENCER, Auteur ; Lindsay R. CHURA, Auteur ; V. WARRIER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; D. FLORIS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 12 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Imaging genetics  Oxytocin receptor  Supramarginal gyrus  fMRI  the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and  with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008.Not applicable.The  authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains  neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional  affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Autism is a highly varied and heritable neurodevelopmental condition, and common variants explain approximately 50% of the genetic variance of autism. One of the genes implicated in autism is the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). The current study combined genetic and brain imaging (fMRI) data to examine the moderating effect of genotype on the association between diagnosis and brain activity in response to a test of cognitive empathy. Methods: Participants were adolescents (mean age = 14.7 +/- 1.7) who were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the OXTR and underwent functional brain imaging while completing the adolescent version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test). Results: Two (rs2254298, rs53576) of the five OXTR SNPs examined were significantly associated with brain activity during the Eyes Test, and three of the SNPs (rs2254298, rs53576, rs2268491) interacted with diagnostic status to predict brain activity. All of the effects localized to the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and an overlap analysis revealed a large overlap of the effects. An exploratory analysis showed that activity within an anatomically defined rSMG and genotype can predict diagnostic status with reasonable accuracy. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to investigate OXTR and brain function in autism. The findings suggest a neurogenetic mechanism by which OXTR-dependent activity within the rSMG is related to the aetiology of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0258-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

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