Classifying childhood war trauma exposure: latent profile analyses of Sierra Leone's former child soldiers / S. SU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-6 (June 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-6 (June 2021) . - p.751-761 Titre : Classifying childhood war trauma exposure: latent profile analyses of Sierra Leone's former child soldiers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. SU, Auteur ; R. L. FROUNFELKER, Auteur ; A. DESROSIERS, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur ; J. FARRAR, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.751-761 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Child  Family  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Military Personnel  Sierra Leone/epidemiology  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology  Warfare  Childhood war trauma  Ptsd  former child soldiers  latent profile analysis  mental health outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Former child soldiers are at elevated risk for mental health problems (e.g., traumatic stress, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing and externalizing problems). To examine which groups of former child soldiers are more likely to have difficulties with emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, and mental health postconflict, we explored patterns of war trauma exposure and their effects on subsequent mental health problems among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. METHODS: Participants were 415 (23.86% female) Sierra Leonean former child soldiers participating in a 15-year, four-wave longitudinal study. At T1 (2002), 282 former child soldiers (aged 10-17) were recruited. T2 (2004) included 186 participants from T1 and an additional cohort of self-reintegrated former child soldiers (NT2 = 132). T3 (2008) and T4 (2016/2017) participants were youth enrolled in previous waves (NT3 = 315; NT4 = 364). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify participants based on the first-time reports of eight forms of war exposure (separation and loss of assets, parental loss, loss of loved ones, witnessing violence, victimization, perpetrating violence, noncombat activities, and deprivation). ANOVA examined whether patterns of war exposure were associated with sociodemographic characteristics and mental health outcomes between T1 and T4. RESULTS: LPA identified two profiles: higher exposure versus lower exposure, using cumulative scores of eight forms of war-related trauma exposure. The 'higher war exposure' group comprised 226 (54.5%) former child soldiers and the 'lower war exposure' group included 189 (45.5%). Significantly higher levels of violence-related and combat experiences characterized the group exposed to more traumatic events. The 'higher war exposure' group reported more PTSD symptoms at T2, more hyperarousal symptoms across all waves, and more difficulties in emotion regulation at T4. CONCLUSIONS: Former child soldiers exposed to higher levels of war-related traumatic events and loss should be prioritized for mental health services immediately postconflict and as they transition into adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 [article] Classifying childhood war trauma exposure: latent profile analyses of Sierra Leone's former child soldiers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. SU, Auteur ; R. L. FROUNFELKER, Auteur ; A. DESROSIERS, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur ; J. FARRAR, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur . - p.751-761. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-6 (June 2021) . - p.751-761 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Child  Family  Female  Humans  Longitudinal Studies  Male  Military Personnel  Sierra Leone/epidemiology  Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology  Warfare  Childhood war trauma  Ptsd  former child soldiers  latent profile analysis  mental health outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Former child soldiers are at elevated risk for mental health problems (e.g., traumatic stress, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing and externalizing problems). To examine which groups of former child soldiers are more likely to have difficulties with emotion regulation, interpersonal relationships, and mental health postconflict, we explored patterns of war trauma exposure and their effects on subsequent mental health problems among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. METHODS: Participants were 415 (23.86% female) Sierra Leonean former child soldiers participating in a 15-year, four-wave longitudinal study. At T1 (2002), 282 former child soldiers (aged 10-17) were recruited. T2 (2004) included 186 participants from T1 and an additional cohort of self-reintegrated former child soldiers (NT2 = 132). T3 (2008) and T4 (2016/2017) participants were youth enrolled in previous waves (NT3 = 315; NT4 = 364). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify participants based on the first-time reports of eight forms of war exposure (separation and loss of assets, parental loss, loss of loved ones, witnessing violence, victimization, perpetrating violence, noncombat activities, and deprivation). ANOVA examined whether patterns of war exposure were associated with sociodemographic characteristics and mental health outcomes between T1 and T4. RESULTS: LPA identified two profiles: higher exposure versus lower exposure, using cumulative scores of eight forms of war-related trauma exposure. The 'higher war exposure' group comprised 226 (54.5%) former child soldiers and the 'lower war exposure' group included 189 (45.5%). Significantly higher levels of violence-related and combat experiences characterized the group exposed to more traumatic events. The 'higher war exposure' group reported more PTSD symptoms at T2, more hyperarousal symptoms across all waves, and more difficulties in emotion regulation at T4. CONCLUSIONS: Former child soldiers exposed to higher levels of war-related traumatic events and loss should be prioritized for mental health services immediately postconflict and as they transition into adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456

Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.217-226 Titre : Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ryan MCBAIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. NEWNHAM, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.217-226 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social ecology  mental health  child soldiers  post-conflict  war  externalizing  internalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Worldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war-affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war-affected youth. In this study, we examine three community-level characteristics – social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth – in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone. Methods A total of 243 former child soldiers (30% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two-point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community-level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points. Results Both social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths' externalizing and internalizing scores – indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow-up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p .05). Conclusions This study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex-combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4-year period of follow-up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community-level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12131 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ryan MCBAIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. NEWNHAM, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur . - p.217-226. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.217-226 Mots-clés : Social ecology  mental health  child soldiers  post-conflict  war  externalizing  internalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Worldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war-affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war-affected youth. In this study, we examine three community-level characteristics – social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth – in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone. Methods A total of 243 former child soldiers (30% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two-point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community-level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points. Results Both social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths' externalizing and internalizing scores – indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow-up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p .05). Conclusions This study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex-combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4-year period of follow-up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community-level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12131 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Coping and mental health outcomes among Sierra Leonean war-affected youth: Results from a longitudinal study / Manasi SHARMA in Development and Psychopathology, 29-1 (February 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-1 (February 2017) . - p.11-23 Titre : Coping and mental health outcomes among Sierra Leonean war-affected youth: Results from a longitudinal study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Manasi SHARMA, Auteur ; Shoshanna L. FINE, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.11-23 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractThis study explored how coping with war-related traumatic events in Sierra Leone impacted mental health outcomes among 529 youth (aged 10–17 at baseline; 25% female) using longitudinal data from three time points (Time 1 in 2002, Time 2 in 2004, and Time 3 in 2008). We examined two types of coping items (approach and avoidance); used multiple regression models to test their relations with long-term mental health outcomes (internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, adaptive/prosocial behaviors, and posttraumatic stress symptoms); and used mediation analyses to test whether coping explained the relation between previous war exposures (being raped, death of parent(s), or killing/injuring someone during the war) and those outcomes. We found that avoidance coping items were associated with lower internalizing and posttraumatic stress behaviors at Time 3, and provided some evidence of mediating the relation between death of parent(s) during the war and the two outcomes mentioned above. Approach coping was associated with higher Time 3 adaptive/prosocial behaviors, whereas avoidance coping was associated with lower Time 3 adaptive/prosocial behaviors. Avoidance coping may be a protective factor against mental illness, whereas approach coping may be a promotive factor for adaptive/prosocial behaviors in war-affected societies. This study has important implications for designing and implementing mental health interventions for youth in postconflict settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001073 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Coping and mental health outcomes among Sierra Leonean war-affected youth: Results from a longitudinal study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Manasi SHARMA, Auteur ; Shoshanna L. FINE, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur . - p.11-23. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-1 (February 2017) . - p.11-23 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : AbstractThis study explored how coping with war-related traumatic events in Sierra Leone impacted mental health outcomes among 529 youth (aged 10–17 at baseline; 25% female) using longitudinal data from three time points (Time 1 in 2002, Time 2 in 2004, and Time 3 in 2008). We examined two types of coping items (approach and avoidance); used multiple regression models to test their relations with long-term mental health outcomes (internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, adaptive/prosocial behaviors, and posttraumatic stress symptoms); and used mediation analyses to test whether coping explained the relation between previous war exposures (being raped, death of parent(s), or killing/injuring someone during the war) and those outcomes. We found that avoidance coping items were associated with lower internalizing and posttraumatic stress behaviors at Time 3, and provided some evidence of mediating the relation between death of parent(s) during the war and the two outcomes mentioned above. Approach coping was associated with higher Time 3 adaptive/prosocial behaviors, whereas avoidance coping was associated with lower Time 3 adaptive/prosocial behaviors. Avoidance coping may be a protective factor against mental illness, whereas approach coping may be a promotive factor for adaptive/prosocial behaviors in war-affected societies. This study has important implications for designing and implementing mental health interventions for youth in postconflict settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001073 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Family-based promotion of mental health in children affected by HIV: a pilot randomized controlled trial / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-8 (August 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-8 (August 2017) . - p.922-930 Titre : Family-based promotion of mental health in children affected by HIV: a pilot randomized controlled trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Lauren C. NG, Auteur ; Catherine M. KIRK, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur ; William R. BEARDSLEE, Auteur ; Sara STULAC, Auteur ; Christine MUSHASHI, Auteur ; Estella NDUWIMANA, Auteur ; Sylvere MUKUNZI, Auteur ; Beatha NYIRANDAGIJIMANA, Auteur ; Godfrey KALISA, Auteur ; Cyamatare F. RWABUKWISI, Auteur ; Vincent SEZIBERA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.922-930 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : HIV  depression  Rwanda  adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children affected by HIV are at risk for poor mental health. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Family Strengthening Intervention (FSI-HIV), a family home-visiting intervention to promote mental health and improve parent–child relationships in families with caregivers living with HIV, hypothesizing that child and family outcomes would be superior to usual care social work services. Methods Eighty two families (N = 170 children, 48.24% female; N = 123 caregivers, 68.29% female) with at least one HIV-positive caregiver (n = 103, 83.74%) and school-aged child (ages 7–17) (HIV+ n = 21, 12.35%) were randomized to receive FSI-HIV or treatment-as-usual (TAU). Local research assistants blind to treatment conducted assessments of child mental health, parenting practices, and family functioning at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Multilevel modeling assessed effects of FSI-HIV on outcomes across three time points. Trial Registration: NCT01509573, ‘Pilot Feasibility Trial of the Family Strengthening Intervention in Rwanda (FSI-HIV-R).' https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/;NCT01509573?term=Pilot+Feasibility+Trial+of+the+Family+Strengthening+Intervention+in+Rwanda+%28FSI-HIV-R%29&rank=1. Results At 3-month follow-up, children in FSI-HIV showed fewer symptoms of depression compared to TAU by both self-report (? = ?.246; p = .009) and parent report (? = ?.174; p = .035) but there were no significant differences by group on conduct problems, functional impairment, family connectedness, or parenting. Conclusions Family-based prevention has promise for reducing depression symptoms in children affected by HIV. Future trials should examine the effects of FSI-HIV over time in trials powered to examine treatment mediators. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12729 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=316 [article] Family-based promotion of mental health in children affected by HIV: a pilot randomized controlled trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Lauren C. NG, Auteur ; Catherine M. KIRK, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur ; William R. BEARDSLEE, Auteur ; Sara STULAC, Auteur ; Christine MUSHASHI, Auteur ; Estella NDUWIMANA, Auteur ; Sylvere MUKUNZI, Auteur ; Beatha NYIRANDAGIJIMANA, Auteur ; Godfrey KALISA, Auteur ; Cyamatare F. RWABUKWISI, Auteur ; Vincent SEZIBERA, Auteur . - p.922-930. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-8 (August 2017) . - p.922-930 Mots-clés : HIV  depression  Rwanda  adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children affected by HIV are at risk for poor mental health. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Family Strengthening Intervention (FSI-HIV), a family home-visiting intervention to promote mental health and improve parent–child relationships in families with caregivers living with HIV, hypothesizing that child and family outcomes would be superior to usual care social work services. Methods Eighty two families (N = 170 children, 48.24% female; N = 123 caregivers, 68.29% female) with at least one HIV-positive caregiver (n = 103, 83.74%) and school-aged child (ages 7–17) (HIV+ n = 21, 12.35%) were randomized to receive FSI-HIV or treatment-as-usual (TAU). Local research assistants blind to treatment conducted assessments of child mental health, parenting practices, and family functioning at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Multilevel modeling assessed effects of FSI-HIV on outcomes across three time points. Trial Registration: NCT01509573, ‘Pilot Feasibility Trial of the Family Strengthening Intervention in Rwanda (FSI-HIV-R).' https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/;NCT01509573?term=Pilot+Feasibility+Trial+of+the+Family+Strengthening+Intervention+in+Rwanda+%28FSI-HIV-R%29&rank=1. Results At 3-month follow-up, children in FSI-HIV showed fewer symptoms of depression compared to TAU by both self-report (? = ?.246; p = .009) and parent report (? = ?.174; p = .035) but there were no significant differences by group on conduct problems, functional impairment, family connectedness, or parenting. Conclusions Family-based prevention has promise for reducing depression symptoms in children affected by HIV. Future trials should examine the effects of FSI-HIV over time in trials powered to examine treatment mediators. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12729 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=316

Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus in a cytomegalovirus-negative patient / Ronald GLASER in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 21-6 (December 1979)

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopmental Medicine & Child Neurology > 21-6 (December 1979) . - p.787-790 Titre : Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus in a cytomegalovirus-negative patient Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ronald GLASER, Auteur ; Cheston M. BERLIN, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur Année de publication : 1979 Article en page(s) : p.787-790 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus have both been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome after antibody investigations in several patients. In the teenage female patient in this present report, Guillain-Barré syndrome following infectious mononucleosis was associated with sero-conversion against Epstein-Barr virus but not cytomegalovirus. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Epstein-Barr virus might be an etiological agent for the Guillain-Barré syndrome and that infection with cytomegalovirus is not a requisite for the syndrome. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=502 [article] Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus in a cytomegalovirus-negative patient [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ronald GLASER, Auteur ; Cheston M. BERLIN, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur . - 1979 . - p.787-790. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology > 21-6 (December 1979) . - p.787-790 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus have both been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome after antibody investigations in several patients. In the teenage female patient in this present report, Guillain-Barré syndrome following infectious mononucleosis was associated with sero-conversion against Epstein-Barr virus but not cytomegalovirus. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Epstein-Barr virus might be an etiological agent for the Guillain-Barré syndrome and that infection with cytomegalovirus is not a requisite for the syndrome. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=502

Intergenerational impacts of trauma and hardship through parenting / S. K. G. JENSEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-8 (August 2021)  

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The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-10 (October 2015)  

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