Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype / Sarah L. KARALUNAS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.685-710 Titre : Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah L. KARALUNAS, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Joel T. NIGG, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.685-710 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reaction time variability  intraindividual  ADHD  ASD  trans-diagnostic phenotype  biomarker Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT) has received extensive discussion as an indicator of cognitive performance, a putative intermediate phenotype of many clinical disorders, and a possible trans-diagnostic phenotype that may elucidate shared risk factors for mechanisms of psychiatric illnesses. Scope and Methodology Using the examples of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we discuss RT variability. We first present a new meta-analysis of RT variability in ASD with and without comorbid ADHD. We then discuss potential mechanisms that may account for RT variability and statistical models that disentangle the cognitive processes affecting RTs. We then report a second meta-analysis comparing ADHD and non-ADHD children on diffusion model parameters. We consider how findings inform the search for neural correlates of RT variability. Findings Results suggest that RT variability is increased in ASD only when children with comorbid ADHD are included in the sample. Furthermore, RT variability in ADHD is explained by moderate to large increases (d = 0.63–0.99) in the ex-Gaussian parameter ? and the diffusion parameter drift rate, as well as by smaller differences (d = 0.32) in the diffusion parameter of nondecision time. The former may suggest problems in state regulation or arousal and difficulty detecting signal from noise, whereas the latter may reflect contributions from deficits in motor organization or output. The neuroimaging literature converges with this multicomponent interpretation and also highlights the role of top-down control circuits. Conclusion We underscore the importance of considering the interactions between top-down control, state regulation (e.g. arousal), and motor preparation when interpreting RT variability and conclude that decomposition of the RT signal provides superior interpretive power and suggests mechanisms convergent with those implicated using other cognitive paradigms. We conclude with specific recommendations for the field for next steps in the study of RT variability in neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12217 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah L. KARALUNAS, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Joel T. NIGG, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.685-710. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.685-710 Mots-clés : Reaction time variability  intraindividual  ADHD  ASD  trans-diagnostic phenotype  biomarker Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT) has received extensive discussion as an indicator of cognitive performance, a putative intermediate phenotype of many clinical disorders, and a possible trans-diagnostic phenotype that may elucidate shared risk factors for mechanisms of psychiatric illnesses. Scope and Methodology Using the examples of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we discuss RT variability. We first present a new meta-analysis of RT variability in ASD with and without comorbid ADHD. We then discuss potential mechanisms that may account for RT variability and statistical models that disentangle the cognitive processes affecting RTs. We then report a second meta-analysis comparing ADHD and non-ADHD children on diffusion model parameters. We consider how findings inform the search for neural correlates of RT variability. Findings Results suggest that RT variability is increased in ASD only when children with comorbid ADHD are included in the sample. Furthermore, RT variability in ADHD is explained by moderate to large increases (d = 0.63–0.99) in the ex-Gaussian parameter ? and the diffusion parameter drift rate, as well as by smaller differences (d = 0.32) in the diffusion parameter of nondecision time. The former may suggest problems in state regulation or arousal and difficulty detecting signal from noise, whereas the latter may reflect contributions from deficits in motor organization or output. The neuroimaging literature converges with this multicomponent interpretation and also highlights the role of top-down control circuits. Conclusion We underscore the importance of considering the interactions between top-down control, state regulation (e.g. arousal), and motor preparation when interpreting RT variability and conclude that decomposition of the RT signal provides superior interpretive power and suggests mechanisms convergent with those implicated using other cognitive paradigms. We conclude with specific recommendations for the field for next steps in the study of RT variability in neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12217 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials / Christopher W. N. SAVILLE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.801-813 Titre : Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher W. N. SAVILLE, Auteur ; Bernd FEIGE, Auteur ; Christian KLUCKERT, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; Andrea BERGER, Auteur ; Christian FLEISCHHAKER, Auteur ; Klaus HENIGHAUSEN, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.801-813 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  reaction time  working memory  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increased intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) is a promising endophenotype for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and among the most robust hallmarks of the disorder. ISV has been assumed to represent an attentional deficit, either reflecting lapses in attention or increased neural noise. Here, we use an innovative single-trial event-related potential approach to assess whether the increased ISV associated with ADHD is indeed attributable to attention, or whether it is related to response-related processing. Methods We measured electroencephalographic responses to working memory oddball tasks in patients with ADHD (N = 20, aged 11.3 ± 1.1) and healthy controls (N = 25, aged 11.7 ± 1.1), and analysed these data with a recently developed method of single-trial event-related potential analysis. Estimates of component latency variability were computed for the stimulus-locked and response-locked forms of the P3b and the lateralised readiness potential (LRP). Results ADHD patients showed significantly increased ISV in behavioural ISV. This increased ISV was paralleled by an increase in variability in response-locked event-related potential latencies, while variability in stimulus-locked latencies was equivalent between groups. This result held across the P3b and LRP. Latency of all components predicted RTs on a single-trial basis, confirming that all were relevant for speed of processing. Conclusions These data suggest that the increased ISV found in ADHD could be associated with response-end, rather than stimulus-end processes, in contrast to prevailing conceptions about the endophenotype. This mental chronometric approach may also be useful for exploring whether the existing lack of specificity of ISV to particular psychiatric conditions can be improved upon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher W. N. SAVILLE, Auteur ; Bernd FEIGE, Auteur ; Christian KLUCKERT, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; Andrea BERGER, Auteur ; Christian FLEISCHHAKER, Auteur ; Klaus HENIGHAUSEN, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur . - p.801-813. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.801-813 Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  reaction time  working memory  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increased intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) is a promising endophenotype for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and among the most robust hallmarks of the disorder. ISV has been assumed to represent an attentional deficit, either reflecting lapses in attention or increased neural noise. Here, we use an innovative single-trial event-related potential approach to assess whether the increased ISV associated with ADHD is indeed attributable to attention, or whether it is related to response-related processing. Methods We measured electroencephalographic responses to working memory oddball tasks in patients with ADHD (N = 20, aged 11.3 ± 1.1) and healthy controls (N = 25, aged 11.7 ± 1.1), and analysed these data with a recently developed method of single-trial event-related potential analysis. Estimates of component latency variability were computed for the stimulus-locked and response-locked forms of the P3b and the lateralised readiness potential (LRP). Results ADHD patients showed significantly increased ISV in behavioural ISV. This increased ISV was paralleled by an increase in variability in response-locked event-related potential latencies, while variability in stimulus-locked latencies was equivalent between groups. This result held across the P3b and LRP. Latency of all components predicted RTs on a single-trial basis, confirming that all were relevant for speed of processing. Conclusions These data suggest that the increased ISV found in ADHD could be associated with response-end, rather than stimulus-end processes, in contrast to prevailing conceptions about the endophenotype. This mental chronometric approach may also be useful for exploring whether the existing lack of specificity of ISV to particular psychiatric conditions can be improved upon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Neural Correlates of Explicit Versus Implicit Facial Emotion Processing in ASD / Christina LUCKHARDT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-7 (July 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-7 (July 2017) . - p.1944-1955 Titre : Neural Correlates of Explicit Versus Implicit Facial Emotion Processing in ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christina LUCKHARDT, Auteur ; Anne KRÖGER, Auteur ; Hannah CHOLEMKERY, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1944-1955 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ERP  Facial emotion recognition  Intentional processing  Autism  ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The underlying neural mechanisms of implicit and explicit facial emotion recognition (FER) were studied in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to matched typically developing controls (TDC). EEG was obtained from N?=?21 ASD and N?=?16 TDC. Task performance, visual (P100, N170) and cognitive (late positive potential) event-related-potentials, as well as coherence were compared across groups. TDC showed a task-dependent increase and a stronger lateralization of P100 amplitude during the explicit task and task-dependent modulation of intra-hemispheric coherence in the beta band. In contrast, the ASD group showed no task dependent modulation. Results indicate disruptions in early visual processing and top-down attentional processes as contributing factors to FER deficits in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3141-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=313 [article] Neural Correlates of Explicit Versus Implicit Facial Emotion Processing in ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christina LUCKHARDT, Auteur ; Anne KRÖGER, Auteur ; Hannah CHOLEMKERY, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur . - p.1944-1955. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-7 (July 2017) . - p.1944-1955 Mots-clés : ERP  Facial emotion recognition  Intentional processing  Autism  ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The underlying neural mechanisms of implicit and explicit facial emotion recognition (FER) were studied in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to matched typically developing controls (TDC). EEG was obtained from N?=?21 ASD and N?=?16 TDC. Task performance, visual (P100, N170) and cognitive (late positive potential) event-related-potentials, as well as coherence were compared across groups. TDC showed a task-dependent increase and a stronger lateralization of P100 amplitude during the explicit task and task-dependent modulation of intra-hemispheric coherence in the beta band. In contrast, the ASD group showed no task dependent modulation. Results indicate disruptions in early visual processing and top-down attentional processes as contributing factors to FER deficits in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3141-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=313

---

1 (1 - 3 / 3)