Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype / Sarah L. KARALUNAS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.685-710 Titre : Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah L. KARALUNAS, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Joel T. NIGG, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.685-710 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reaction time variability  intraindividual  ADHD  ASD  trans-diagnostic phenotype  biomarker Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT) has received extensive discussion as an indicator of cognitive performance, a putative intermediate phenotype of many clinical disorders, and a possible trans-diagnostic phenotype that may elucidate shared risk factors for mechanisms of psychiatric illnesses. Scope and Methodology Using the examples of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we discuss RT variability. We first present a new meta-analysis of RT variability in ASD with and without comorbid ADHD. We then discuss potential mechanisms that may account for RT variability and statistical models that disentangle the cognitive processes affecting RTs. We then report a second meta-analysis comparing ADHD and non-ADHD children on diffusion model parameters. We consider how findings inform the search for neural correlates of RT variability. Findings Results suggest that RT variability is increased in ASD only when children with comorbid ADHD are included in the sample. Furthermore, RT variability in ADHD is explained by moderate to large increases (d = 0.63–0.99) in the ex-Gaussian parameter Ï„ and the diffusion parameter drift rate, as well as by smaller differences (d = 0.32) in the diffusion parameter of nondecision time. The former may suggest problems in state regulation or arousal and difficulty detecting signal from noise, whereas the latter may reflect contributions from deficits in motor organization or output. The neuroimaging literature converges with this multicomponent interpretation and also highlights the role of top-down control circuits. Conclusion We underscore the importance of considering the interactions between top-down control, state regulation (e.g. arousal), and motor preparation when interpreting RT variability and conclude that decomposition of the RT signal provides superior interpretive power and suggests mechanisms convergent with those implicated using other cognitive paradigms. We conclude with specific recommendations for the field for next steps in the study of RT variability in neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12217 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234 [article] Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype [texte imprimé] / Sarah L. KARALUNAS, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur ; Kerstin KONRAD, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Joel T. NIGG, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.685-710. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.685-710 Mots-clés : Reaction time variability  intraindividual  ADHD  ASD  trans-diagnostic phenotype  biomarker Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT) has received extensive discussion as an indicator of cognitive performance, a putative intermediate phenotype of many clinical disorders, and a possible trans-diagnostic phenotype that may elucidate shared risk factors for mechanisms of psychiatric illnesses. Scope and Methodology Using the examples of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we discuss RT variability. We first present a new meta-analysis of RT variability in ASD with and without comorbid ADHD. We then discuss potential mechanisms that may account for RT variability and statistical models that disentangle the cognitive processes affecting RTs. We then report a second meta-analysis comparing ADHD and non-ADHD children on diffusion model parameters. We consider how findings inform the search for neural correlates of RT variability. Findings Results suggest that RT variability is increased in ASD only when children with comorbid ADHD are included in the sample. Furthermore, RT variability in ADHD is explained by moderate to large increases (d = 0.63–0.99) in the ex-Gaussian parameter Ï„ and the diffusion parameter drift rate, as well as by smaller differences (d = 0.32) in the diffusion parameter of nondecision time. The former may suggest problems in state regulation or arousal and difficulty detecting signal from noise, whereas the latter may reflect contributions from deficits in motor organization or output. The neuroimaging literature converges with this multicomponent interpretation and also highlights the role of top-down control circuits. Conclusion We underscore the importance of considering the interactions between top-down control, state regulation (e.g. arousal), and motor preparation when interpreting RT variability and conclude that decomposition of the RT signal provides superior interpretive power and suggests mechanisms convergent with those implicated using other cognitive paradigms. We conclude with specific recommendations for the field for next steps in the study of RT variability in neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12217 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=234

Facilitation of biological motion processing by group-based autism specific social skills training / Christina LUCKHARDT in Autism Research, 11-10 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-10 (October 2018) . - p.1376-1387 Titre : Facilitation of biological motion processing by group-based autism specific social skills training Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Christina LUCKHARDT, Auteur ; A. KROGER, Auteur ; Leyla ELSUNI, Auteur ; Hannah CHOLEMKERY, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1376-1387 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  biological motion  event-related potentials  facial emotion recognition  intervention  social skills training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abnormalities in neurophysiological correlates of social perception are a well-known feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known if and how ASD specific behavioral interventions may affect neural processing in ASD. The aim of the current study was to investigate for the first time, whether the group-based social skills training SOSTA-FRA would elicit changes in neurophysiological correlates of social perception in high-functioning ASD individuals aged 8-17 years. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of a facial emotion recognition (FER) and a biological motion perception task were examined. ERPs were compared between a randomized intervention and a treatment as usual group at three time points (baseline, post-intervention, and at 3 months follow-up). A reduction of P100 amplitude in the right hemisphere and a trend toward reduced N200 latency in the biological motion task were found after the training only in the intervention group, whereas behavioral performance remained stable. Change in N200 latencies and parent-rated social responsiveness showed small but statistically nonsignificant correlations. No changes were observed regarding FER. Results indicate that the intervention changed neural correlates of social perception in ASD. Especially neural correlates of biological motion perception, which is an important prerequisite for successful social interaction, were sensitive to change. ERPs of social perception tasks that are impaired in ASD can well be used to objectively measure neural processing improvement by behavioral intervention. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1376-1387. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is well known that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process social information differently than other people and that these differences can also be seen in their brain activity. We also know that behavioral therapies, such as group-based social skills trainings can help people with ASD improve their behavior. But it is unclear how therapy changes social processing in the brain. The aim of our study was therefore to examine how neural processing of social stimuli changed after behavioral intervention. Comparing a group of children and adolescents that received the group-based social skills training SOSTA-FRA to a control group we found that the neural processing of human motion became faster and involved less brain resources after the intervention, while behavioral performance remained stable. No changes were seen for the processing of emotional facial expressions. We recommend that future studies should also analyze changes in brain function as well as behavioral changes as a secondary therapy outcome parameter. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] Facilitation of biological motion processing by group-based autism specific social skills training [texte imprimé] / Christina LUCKHARDT, Auteur ; A. KROGER, Auteur ; Leyla ELSUNI, Auteur ; Hannah CHOLEMKERY, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur . - p.1376-1387. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-10 (October 2018) . - p.1376-1387 Mots-clés : autism  biological motion  event-related potentials  facial emotion recognition  intervention  social skills training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abnormalities in neurophysiological correlates of social perception are a well-known feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known if and how ASD specific behavioral interventions may affect neural processing in ASD. The aim of the current study was to investigate for the first time, whether the group-based social skills training SOSTA-FRA would elicit changes in neurophysiological correlates of social perception in high-functioning ASD individuals aged 8-17 years. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of a facial emotion recognition (FER) and a biological motion perception task were examined. ERPs were compared between a randomized intervention and a treatment as usual group at three time points (baseline, post-intervention, and at 3 months follow-up). A reduction of P100 amplitude in the right hemisphere and a trend toward reduced N200 latency in the biological motion task were found after the training only in the intervention group, whereas behavioral performance remained stable. Change in N200 latencies and parent-rated social responsiveness showed small but statistically nonsignificant correlations. No changes were observed regarding FER. Results indicate that the intervention changed neural correlates of social perception in ASD. Especially neural correlates of biological motion perception, which is an important prerequisite for successful social interaction, were sensitive to change. ERPs of social perception tasks that are impaired in ASD can well be used to objectively measure neural processing improvement by behavioral intervention. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1376-1387. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It is well known that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process social information differently than other people and that these differences can also be seen in their brain activity. We also know that behavioral therapies, such as group-based social skills trainings can help people with ASD improve their behavior. But it is unclear how therapy changes social processing in the brain. The aim of our study was therefore to examine how neural processing of social stimuli changed after behavioral intervention. Comparing a group of children and adolescents that received the group-based social skills training SOSTA-FRA to a control group we found that the neural processing of human motion became faster and involved less brain resources after the intervention, while behavioral performance remained stable. No changes were seen for the processing of emotional facial expressions. We recommend that future studies should also analyze changes in brain function as well as behavioral changes as a secondary therapy outcome parameter. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials / Christopher W.N. SAVILLE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.801-813 Titre : Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Christopher W.N. SAVILLE, Auteur ; Bernd FEIGE, Auteur ; Christian KLUCKERT, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; Andrea BERGER, Auteur ; Christian FLEISCHHAKER, Auteur ; Klaus HENIGHAUSEN, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.801-813 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  reaction time  working memory  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increased intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) is a promising endophenotype for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and among the most robust hallmarks of the disorder. ISV has been assumed to represent an attentional deficit, either reflecting lapses in attention or increased neural noise. Here, we use an innovative single-trial event-related potential approach to assess whether the increased ISV associated with ADHD is indeed attributable to attention, or whether it is related to response-related processing. Methods We measured electroencephalographic responses to working memory oddball tasks in patients with ADHD (N = 20, aged 11.3 ± 1.1) and healthy controls (N = 25, aged 11.7 ± 1.1), and analysed these data with a recently developed method of single-trial event-related potential analysis. Estimates of component latency variability were computed for the stimulus-locked and response-locked forms of the P3b and the lateralised readiness potential (LRP). Results ADHD patients showed significantly increased ISV in behavioural ISV. This increased ISV was paralleled by an increase in variability in response-locked event-related potential latencies, while variability in stimulus-locked latencies was equivalent between groups. This result held across the P3b and LRP. Latency of all components predicted RTs on a single-trial basis, confirming that all were relevant for speed of processing. Conclusions These data suggest that the increased ISV found in ADHD could be associated with response-end, rather than stimulus-end processes, in contrast to prevailing conceptions about the endophenotype. This mental chronometric approach may also be useful for exploring whether the existing lack of specificity of ISV to particular psychiatric conditions can be improved upon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials [texte imprimé] / Christopher W.N. SAVILLE, Auteur ; Bernd FEIGE, Auteur ; Christian KLUCKERT, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; Andrea BERGER, Auteur ; Christian FLEISCHHAKER, Auteur ; Klaus HENIGHAUSEN, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur . - p.801-813. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.801-813 Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  reaction time  working memory  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increased intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) is a promising endophenotype for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and among the most robust hallmarks of the disorder. ISV has been assumed to represent an attentional deficit, either reflecting lapses in attention or increased neural noise. Here, we use an innovative single-trial event-related potential approach to assess whether the increased ISV associated with ADHD is indeed attributable to attention, or whether it is related to response-related processing. Methods We measured electroencephalographic responses to working memory oddball tasks in patients with ADHD (N = 20, aged 11.3 ± 1.1) and healthy controls (N = 25, aged 11.7 ± 1.1), and analysed these data with a recently developed method of single-trial event-related potential analysis. Estimates of component latency variability were computed for the stimulus-locked and response-locked forms of the P3b and the lateralised readiness potential (LRP). Results ADHD patients showed significantly increased ISV in behavioural ISV. This increased ISV was paralleled by an increase in variability in response-locked event-related potential latencies, while variability in stimulus-locked latencies was equivalent between groups. This result held across the P3b and LRP. Latency of all components predicted RTs on a single-trial basis, confirming that all were relevant for speed of processing. Conclusions These data suggest that the increased ISV found in ADHD could be associated with response-end, rather than stimulus-end processes, in contrast to prevailing conceptions about the endophenotype. This mental chronometric approach may also be useful for exploring whether the existing lack of specificity of ISV to particular psychiatric conditions can be improved upon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Neural Correlates of Explicit Versus Implicit Facial Emotion Processing in ASD / Christina LUCKHARDT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-7 (July 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-7 (July 2017) . - p.1944-1955 Titre : Neural Correlates of Explicit Versus Implicit Facial Emotion Processing in ASD Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Christina LUCKHARDT, Auteur ; Anne KRÖGER, Auteur ; Hannah CHOLEMKERY, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1944-1955 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ERP  Facial emotion recognition  Intentional processing  Autism  ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The underlying neural mechanisms of implicit and explicit facial emotion recognition (FER) were studied in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to matched typically developing controls (TDC). EEG was obtained from N = 21 ASD and N = 16 TDC. Task performance, visual (P100, N170) and cognitive (late positive potential) event-related-potentials, as well as coherence were compared across groups. TDC showed a task-dependent increase and a stronger lateralization of P100 amplitude during the explicit task and task-dependent modulation of intra-hemispheric coherence in the beta band. In contrast, the ASD group showed no task dependent modulation. Results indicate disruptions in early visual processing and top-down attentional processes as contributing factors to FER deficits in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3141-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=313 [article] Neural Correlates of Explicit Versus Implicit Facial Emotion Processing in ASD [texte imprimé] / Christina LUCKHARDT, Auteur ; Anne KRÖGER, Auteur ; Hannah CHOLEMKERY, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur . - p.1944-1955. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-7 (July 2017) . - p.1944-1955 Mots-clés : ERP  Facial emotion recognition  Intentional processing  Autism  ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The underlying neural mechanisms of implicit and explicit facial emotion recognition (FER) were studied in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to matched typically developing controls (TDC). EEG was obtained from N = 21 ASD and N = 16 TDC. Task performance, visual (P100, N170) and cognitive (late positive potential) event-related-potentials, as well as coherence were compared across groups. TDC showed a task-dependent increase and a stronger lateralization of P100 amplitude during the explicit task and task-dependent modulation of intra-hemispheric coherence in the beta band. In contrast, the ASD group showed no task dependent modulation. Results indicate disruptions in early visual processing and top-down attentional processes as contributing factors to FER deficits in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3141-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=313

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