Dépouillements

Editorial: Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): a new psychiatric nosology whose time has not yet come / Bradley S. PETERSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.719-722 Titre : Editorial: Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): a new psychiatric nosology whose time has not yet come Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.719-722 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Nosology  Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)  neural systems  behavioural  cognitive functions  developmental trajectories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In developing new ways of classifying mental disorders, RDoC is developing a new nosology, a new way of dividing nature at its seams. Given the NIMH influence on research agendas across the world, this scientific agenda will have important consequences for researchers and clinicians worldwide. Defining discrete neural systems and the behavioral and cognitive functions they subserve is scientifically important. Understanding how these systems relate to clinical problems, patient suffering, and improved treatments has immense potential practical value for clinical care worldwide. This Editorial places the RDoC framework in context and then sets out a series of conceptual, empirical, and developmental challenges for RDoC. Together these challenges suggest that RDoC is premature as a nosology and, as currently implemented, risks being reified and overly rigid in its application. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12439 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Editorial: Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): a new psychiatric nosology whose time has not yet come [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur . - p.719-722. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.719-722 Mots-clés : Nosology  Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)  neural systems  behavioural  cognitive functions  developmental trajectories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In developing new ways of classifying mental disorders, RDoC is developing a new nosology, a new way of dividing nature at its seams. Given the NIMH influence on research agendas across the world, this scientific agenda will have important consequences for researchers and clinicians worldwide. Defining discrete neural systems and the behavioral and cognitive functions they subserve is scientifically important. Understanding how these systems relate to clinical problems, patient suffering, and improved treatments has immense potential practical value for clinical care worldwide. This Editorial places the RDoC framework in context and then sets out a series of conceptual, empirical, and developmental challenges for RDoC. Together these challenges suggest that RDoC is premature as a nosology and, as currently implemented, risks being reified and overly rigid in its application. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12439 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Practitioner Review: Cognitive bias modification for mental health problems in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis / Ioana A. CRISTEA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.723-734 Titre : Practitioner Review: Cognitive bias modification for mental health problems in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ioana A. CRISTEA, Auteur ; Cristina MOGOA?E, Auteur ; Daniel DAVID, Auteur ; Pim CUIJPERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.723-734 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cognitive bias modification  meta-analysis  RCT interventions  clinical efficacy  mental health  children  adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Despite accumulating research and bold claims about the efficacy of cognitive bias modification (CBM) for young populations, no meta-analysis has attempted to synthesize the research literature so far. We examined whether there was empirical evidence for the clinical efficacy of CBM interventions in youths, while also considering the methodological quality of this evidence. Methods Studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, Cochrane Library and EMBASE to June 2014). We included randomized controlled trials of CBM interventions, and considered both clinical outcomes and targeted biases. We examined the quality of the trials, as well as potential publication bias and possible moderators. Results We identified 23 trials that reported on four types of outcomes: mental health, anxiety, depression and bias. Effect sizes were small and nonsignificant for all symptom outcomes considered. We found a moderate significant effect size for bias outcomes (Hedges' g of 0.53), with significant heterogeneity. There were no differences between types of CBM interventions, or between one versus multiple-session applications. A small but significant effect size for mental health problems arose when the intervention was delivered in schools. The quality of almost all of the included studies was suboptimal and the vast majority did not include information needed for allowing quality assessment. Conclusions We conducted the first meta-analysis of CBM interventions for children and adolescents and found no effects for mental health outcomes, but we did find moderate and significant effects on the targeted biases. Our results cast serious doubts on CBM interventions having any clinical utility for nonadult populations. Demand characteristics might play an important part in CBM research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Practitioner Review: Cognitive bias modification for mental health problems in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ioana A. CRISTEA, Auteur ; Cristina MOGOA?E, Auteur ; Daniel DAVID, Auteur ; Pim CUIJPERS, Auteur . - p.723-734. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.723-734 Mots-clés : Cognitive bias modification  meta-analysis  RCT interventions  clinical efficacy  mental health  children  adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Despite accumulating research and bold claims about the efficacy of cognitive bias modification (CBM) for young populations, no meta-analysis has attempted to synthesize the research literature so far. We examined whether there was empirical evidence for the clinical efficacy of CBM interventions in youths, while also considering the methodological quality of this evidence. Methods Studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, Cochrane Library and EMBASE to June 2014). We included randomized controlled trials of CBM interventions, and considered both clinical outcomes and targeted biases. We examined the quality of the trials, as well as potential publication bias and possible moderators. Results We identified 23 trials that reported on four types of outcomes: mental health, anxiety, depression and bias. Effect sizes were small and nonsignificant for all symptom outcomes considered. We found a moderate significant effect size for bias outcomes (Hedges' g of 0.53), with significant heterogeneity. There were no differences between types of CBM interventions, or between one versus multiple-session applications. A small but significant effect size for mental health problems arose when the intervention was delivered in schools. The quality of almost all of the included studies was suboptimal and the vast majority did not include information needed for allowing quality assessment. Conclusions We conducted the first meta-analysis of CBM interventions for children and adolescents and found no effects for mental health outcomes, but we did find moderate and significant effects on the targeted biases. Our results cast serious doubts on CBM interventions having any clinical utility for nonadult populations. Demand characteristics might play an important part in CBM research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Commentary: A glass half full or half empty? Cognitive bias modification for mental health problems in children and adolescents – reflections on the meta-analysis by Cristea et al. (2015) / Jennifer Y. F. LAU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.735-737 Titre : Commentary: A glass half full or half empty? Cognitive bias modification for mental health problems in children and adolescents – reflections on the meta-analysis by Cristea et al. (2015) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer Y. F. LAU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.735-737 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cognitive bias modification  training programs  depression  anxiety  youth  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The last decade has cognitive bias modification (CBM) training paradigms, emerging first as an experimental test of the causal role of information-processing biases on mood and anxiety symptoms, and then, as the clinical implications of these findings were realised, as a potential clinical ‘vaccine’ that could be used to modify biases and reduce symptoms. CBM is an umbrella term for methods designed to modify cognitive factors that maintain psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression through simple repetitive learning. Two biases that have most often been targeted by these training programs are the tendency to orient attention towards threat and distortions in the interpretation of ambiguous situations. This commentary reflects on an accompanying meta-analysis by Crsitea et al., which pooled effect sizes from over 20 statistical comparisons between a CBM group and a control group on post-training measures of mental health (mostly anxiety and depression). Cristea et al. reported that any CBM training-associated difference on measures of anxiety and depression were weak and non-significant (although training effects were generally evident on measures of cognitive biases). Heterogeneity across studies was high, but with exception to the setting in which CBM was delivered (home, school, laboratory or mental health facility), there was no persuasive evidence for significant moderation of training effects by other key variables. In their conclusions the authors suggested that CBM had little clinical utility and that it was unclear whether positive results in any individual study arose from experimenter or participant bias. So if the glass is half empty, what should the next stage of CBM research usefully focus on? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12436 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Commentary: A glass half full or half empty? Cognitive bias modification for mental health problems in children and adolescents – reflections on the meta-analysis by Cristea et al. (2015) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer Y. F. LAU, Auteur . - p.735-737. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.735-737 Mots-clés : Cognitive bias modification  training programs  depression  anxiety  youth  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The last decade has cognitive bias modification (CBM) training paradigms, emerging first as an experimental test of the causal role of information-processing biases on mood and anxiety symptoms, and then, as the clinical implications of these findings were realised, as a potential clinical ‘vaccine’ that could be used to modify biases and reduce symptoms. CBM is an umbrella term for methods designed to modify cognitive factors that maintain psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression through simple repetitive learning. Two biases that have most often been targeted by these training programs are the tendency to orient attention towards threat and distortions in the interpretation of ambiguous situations. This commentary reflects on an accompanying meta-analysis by Crsitea et al., which pooled effect sizes from over 20 statistical comparisons between a CBM group and a control group on post-training measures of mental health (mostly anxiety and depression). Cristea et al. reported that any CBM training-associated difference on measures of anxiety and depression were weak and non-significant (although training effects were generally evident on measures of cognitive biases). Heterogeneity across studies was high, but with exception to the setting in which CBM was delivered (home, school, laboratory or mental health facility), there was no persuasive evidence for significant moderation of training effects by other key variables. In their conclusions the authors suggested that CBM had little clinical utility and that it was unclear whether positive results in any individual study arose from experimenter or participant bias. So if the glass is half empty, what should the next stage of CBM research usefully focus on? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12436 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Why some children with externalising problems develop internalising symptoms: testing two pathways in a genetically sensitive cohort study / Jasmin WERTZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.738-746 Titre : Why some children with externalising problems develop internalising symptoms: testing two pathways in a genetically sensitive cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jasmin WERTZ, Auteur ; Helena ZAVOS, Auteur ; Timothy MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Kirsten HARVEY, Auteur ; Alice HUNT, Auteur ; Carmine M. PARIANTE, Auteur ; Louise ARSENEAULT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.738-746 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Externalising and internalising problems  failure model  genetic influence  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children with externalising problems are at risk of developing internalising problems as they grow older. The pathways underlying this developmental association remain to be elucidated. We tested two processes that could explain why some children with externalising problems develop internalising symptoms in preadolescence: a mediation model whereby the association between early externalising and later new internalising symptoms is explained by negative experiences; and a genetic model, whereby genes influence both problems. Methods We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Study, a 1994–1995 birth cohort of 2,232 twins born in England and Wales. We assessed externalising and internalising problems using combined mothers’ and teachers’ ratings at age 5 and 12. We measured bullying victimisation, maternal dissatisfaction and academic difficulties between age 7 and 10 and used linear regression analyses to test the effects of these negative experiences on the association between early externalising and later internalising problems. We employed a Cholesky decomposition to examine the genetic influences on the association. Results Children with externalising problems at age 5 showed increased rates of new internalising problems at age 12 (r = .24, p < .001). Negative experiences accounted for some of the association between early externalising and later internalising problems. Behavioural-genetic analyses indicated that genes influencing early externalising problems also affected later internalising problems. Conclusions Our findings highlight the role of genetic influences in explaining why some children with externalising problems develop internalising symptoms in preadolescence. Negative experiences also contribute to the association, possibly through gene–environment interplay. Mental health professionals should monitor the development of internalising symptoms in young children with externalising problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Why some children with externalising problems develop internalising symptoms: testing two pathways in a genetically sensitive cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jasmin WERTZ, Auteur ; Helena ZAVOS, Auteur ; Timothy MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Kirsten HARVEY, Auteur ; Alice HUNT, Auteur ; Carmine M. PARIANTE, Auteur ; Louise ARSENEAULT, Auteur . - p.738-746. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.738-746 Mots-clés : Externalising and internalising problems  failure model  genetic influence  development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children with externalising problems are at risk of developing internalising problems as they grow older. The pathways underlying this developmental association remain to be elucidated. We tested two processes that could explain why some children with externalising problems develop internalising symptoms in preadolescence: a mediation model whereby the association between early externalising and later new internalising symptoms is explained by negative experiences; and a genetic model, whereby genes influence both problems. Methods We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Study, a 1994–1995 birth cohort of 2,232 twins born in England and Wales. We assessed externalising and internalising problems using combined mothers’ and teachers’ ratings at age 5 and 12. We measured bullying victimisation, maternal dissatisfaction and academic difficulties between age 7 and 10 and used linear regression analyses to test the effects of these negative experiences on the association between early externalising and later internalising problems. We employed a Cholesky decomposition to examine the genetic influences on the association. Results Children with externalising problems at age 5 showed increased rates of new internalising problems at age 12 (r = .24, p < .001). Negative experiences accounted for some of the association between early externalising and later internalising problems. Behavioural-genetic analyses indicated that genes influencing early externalising problems also affected later internalising problems. Conclusions Our findings highlight the role of genetic influences in explaining why some children with externalising problems develop internalising symptoms in preadolescence. Negative experiences also contribute to the association, possibly through gene–environment interplay. Mental health professionals should monitor the development of internalising symptoms in young children with externalising problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

The affective dimension of early-onset psychosis and its relationship with suicide / Vanessa SANCHEZ-GISTAU in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.747-755 Titre : The affective dimension of early-onset psychosis and its relationship with suicide Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vanessa SANCHEZ-GISTAU, Auteur ; Inmaculada BAEZA, Auteur ; Celso ARANGO, Auteur ; Ana GONZALEZ-PINTO, Auteur ; Elena DE LA SERNA, Auteur ; Mara PARELLADA, Auteur ; Montserrat GRAELL, Auteur ; Beatriz PAYA, Auteur ; Cloe LLORENTE, Auteur ; Josefina CASTRO-FORNIELES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.747-755 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychosis  suicidality  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The affective dimension has scarcely been studied in early-onset psychosis. Our aims were to investigate the prevalence and type of affective symptoms in the prodromal and acute phases of early-onset psychosis and to examine their relationship with suicide. We also sought to establish whether the presence of premorbid antecedents or the presence of affective symptoms during the prodromal and acute phase might predict a later diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BP) or schizophrenia (SZ). Method Participants were 95 youths, aged 9–17 years, experiencing a first episode of a psychotic disorder (FEP) according to DSM-IV criteria. Prodromal affective symptoms in the year prior to the onset of full-blown psychosis were assessed by means of the K-SADS. Affective symptoms during the acute episode were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Suicidality was assessed during the acute episode and at 6 and 12 months. Results Half of the patients experienced affective symptoms during the prodrome, with depressive symptoms being the most frequently reported. During the acute episode, 23.2% presented depressive, 41.4% mixed and 18.9% manic symptoms. After logistic regression analysis, only the presence of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with suicidality during the 12 months following the FEP. Neither early premorbid antecedents nor the prevalence or type of affective symptoms during the FEP predicted a diagnosis of BP or SZ at 12 months. However, both depressive and manic prodromal symptoms were associated with a later diagnosis of BP. Conclusions The FEP of both SZ and BP is preceded by an identifiable prodromal phase. Early detection programs should target young people at clinical risk for the extended psychosis phenotype. The high prevalence of affective symptoms during the early phases of psychosis may encourage clinicians to identify and treat them in order to prevent suicide behaviour. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12332 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] The affective dimension of early-onset psychosis and its relationship with suicide [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vanessa SANCHEZ-GISTAU, Auteur ; Inmaculada BAEZA, Auteur ; Celso ARANGO, Auteur ; Ana GONZALEZ-PINTO, Auteur ; Elena DE LA SERNA, Auteur ; Mara PARELLADA, Auteur ; Montserrat GRAELL, Auteur ; Beatriz PAYA, Auteur ; Cloe LLORENTE, Auteur ; Josefina CASTRO-FORNIELES, Auteur . - p.747-755. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.747-755 Mots-clés : Psychosis  suicidality  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The affective dimension has scarcely been studied in early-onset psychosis. Our aims were to investigate the prevalence and type of affective symptoms in the prodromal and acute phases of early-onset psychosis and to examine their relationship with suicide. We also sought to establish whether the presence of premorbid antecedents or the presence of affective symptoms during the prodromal and acute phase might predict a later diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BP) or schizophrenia (SZ). Method Participants were 95 youths, aged 9–17 years, experiencing a first episode of a psychotic disorder (FEP) according to DSM-IV criteria. Prodromal affective symptoms in the year prior to the onset of full-blown psychosis were assessed by means of the K-SADS. Affective symptoms during the acute episode were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Suicidality was assessed during the acute episode and at 6 and 12 months. Results Half of the patients experienced affective symptoms during the prodrome, with depressive symptoms being the most frequently reported. During the acute episode, 23.2% presented depressive, 41.4% mixed and 18.9% manic symptoms. After logistic regression analysis, only the presence of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with suicidality during the 12 months following the FEP. Neither early premorbid antecedents nor the prevalence or type of affective symptoms during the FEP predicted a diagnosis of BP or SZ at 12 months. However, both depressive and manic prodromal symptoms were associated with a later diagnosis of BP. Conclusions The FEP of both SZ and BP is preceded by an identifiable prodromal phase. Early detection programs should target young people at clinical risk for the extended psychosis phenotype. The high prevalence of affective symptoms during the early phases of psychosis may encourage clinicians to identify and treat them in order to prevent suicide behaviour. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12332 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Attention regulates anger and fear to predict changes in adolescent risk-taking behaviors / Jungmeen KIM-SPOON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.756-765 Titre : Attention regulates anger and fear to predict changes in adolescent risk-taking behaviors Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jungmeen KIM-SPOON, Auteur ; Christopher HOLMES, Auteur ; Kirby DEATER-DECKARD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.756-765 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anger  fear  attention  control  adolescent risk-taking  latent difference score analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Regulation of negative affect is critical to healthy development in childhood and adolescence. We conducted a longitudinal study examining the moderating role of attention control in the effects of anger and fear on changes in risk-taking behaviors from early to middle adolescence. Method The sample involved participants from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), assessed at 9, 11, and 15 years of age. Composite scores for anger, fear, and attention control were computed using indicators from multiple informants, and risk-taking behaviors were assessed based on adolescents’ self-reports. Results Latent difference score analysis indicated significant moderating effects of attention control showing that increased anger between 9 and 11 years was related to increases in risk-taking behaviors between 11 and 15 years only for adolescents with low attention control but not for adolescents with high attention control. In contrast, significant moderating effects of attention control for the link between fear and risk-taking behaviors suggested increased fear between 9 and 11 years tended to be associated with decreases in risk-taking behaviors between 11 and 15 years only for adolescents with high attention control, but not for adolescents with low attention control. Conclusions Attention control regulates the connections between negative affect such as anger and fear with changes in adolescent risk-taking behaviors. Our data suggest the protective role of strong attention control against the development of risk-taking behaviors in adolescence as it demotes the effects of anger and promotes the effects of fear. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12338 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Attention regulates anger and fear to predict changes in adolescent risk-taking behaviors [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jungmeen KIM-SPOON, Auteur ; Christopher HOLMES, Auteur ; Kirby DEATER-DECKARD, Auteur . - p.756-765. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.756-765 Mots-clés : Anger  fear  attention  control  adolescent risk-taking  latent difference score analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Regulation of negative affect is critical to healthy development in childhood and adolescence. We conducted a longitudinal study examining the moderating role of attention control in the effects of anger and fear on changes in risk-taking behaviors from early to middle adolescence. Method The sample involved participants from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), assessed at 9, 11, and 15 years of age. Composite scores for anger, fear, and attention control were computed using indicators from multiple informants, and risk-taking behaviors were assessed based on adolescents’ self-reports. Results Latent difference score analysis indicated significant moderating effects of attention control showing that increased anger between 9 and 11 years was related to increases in risk-taking behaviors between 11 and 15 years only for adolescents with low attention control but not for adolescents with high attention control. In contrast, significant moderating effects of attention control for the link between fear and risk-taking behaviors suggested increased fear between 9 and 11 years tended to be associated with decreases in risk-taking behaviors between 11 and 15 years only for adolescents with high attention control, but not for adolescents with low attention control. Conclusions Attention control regulates the connections between negative affect such as anger and fear with changes in adolescent risk-taking behaviors. Our data suggest the protective role of strong attention control against the development of risk-taking behaviors in adolescence as it demotes the effects of anger and promotes the effects of fear. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12338 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Girls’ childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior predict adjustment problems in early adolescence / Elsa VAN DER MOLEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.766-773 Titre : Girls’ childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior predict adjustment problems in early adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elsa VAN DER MOLEN, Auteur ; Arjan A. J. BLOKLAND, Auteur ; Alison E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; Robert R. J. M. VERMEIREN, Auteur ; Theo A. H. DORELEIJERS, Auteur ; Rolf LOEBER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.766-773 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Girls  disruptive behavior  trajectories  adjustment problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It is widely recognized that early onset of disruptive behavior is linked to a variety of detrimental outcomes in males, later in life. In contrast, little is known about the association between girls’ childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior and adjustment problems in early adolescence. Methods This study used nine waves of data from the ongoing Pittsburgh Girls Study. A semiparametric group-based model was used to identify trajectories of disruptive behavior in 1,513 girls from age 6 to 12 years. Adjustment problems were characterized by depression, self-harm, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), substance use, interpersonal aggression, sexual behavior, affiliation with delinquent peers, and academic achievement at ages 13 and 14. Results Three trajectories of childhood disruptive behavior were identified: low, medium, and high. Girls in the high group were at increased risk for depression, self-harm, PTSD, illegal substance use, interpersonal aggression, early and risky sexual behavior, and lower academic achievement. The likelihood of multiple adjustment problems increased with trajectories reflecting higher levels of disruptive behavior. Conclusion Girls following the high childhood trajectory of disruptive behavior require early intervention programs to prevent multiple, adverse outcomes in adolescence and further escalation in adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12339 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Girls’ childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior predict adjustment problems in early adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elsa VAN DER MOLEN, Auteur ; Arjan A. J. BLOKLAND, Auteur ; Alison E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; Robert R. J. M. VERMEIREN, Auteur ; Theo A. H. DORELEIJERS, Auteur ; Rolf LOEBER, Auteur . - p.766-773. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.766-773 Mots-clés : Girls  disruptive behavior  trajectories  adjustment problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It is widely recognized that early onset of disruptive behavior is linked to a variety of detrimental outcomes in males, later in life. In contrast, little is known about the association between girls’ childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior and adjustment problems in early adolescence. Methods This study used nine waves of data from the ongoing Pittsburgh Girls Study. A semiparametric group-based model was used to identify trajectories of disruptive behavior in 1,513 girls from age 6 to 12 years. Adjustment problems were characterized by depression, self-harm, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), substance use, interpersonal aggression, sexual behavior, affiliation with delinquent peers, and academic achievement at ages 13 and 14. Results Three trajectories of childhood disruptive behavior were identified: low, medium, and high. Girls in the high group were at increased risk for depression, self-harm, PTSD, illegal substance use, interpersonal aggression, early and risky sexual behavior, and lower academic achievement. The likelihood of multiple adjustment problems increased with trajectories reflecting higher levels of disruptive behavior. Conclusion Girls following the high childhood trajectory of disruptive behavior require early intervention programs to prevent multiple, adverse outcomes in adolescence and further escalation in adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12339 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Early pragmatic language difficulties in siblings of children with autism: implications for DSM-5 social communication disorder? / Meghan MILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.774-781 Titre : Early pragmatic language difficulties in siblings of children with autism: implications for DSM-5 social communication disorder? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Gregory S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Ted HUTMAN, Auteur ; Scott JOHNSON, Auteur ; A. J. SCHWICHTENBERG, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.774-781 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pragmatic language  social communication  autism spectrum disorder  social (pragmatic) communication disorder  siblings  high-risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We evaluated early pragmatic language skills in preschool-age siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and examined correspondence between pragmatic language impairments and general language difficulties, autism symptomatology, and clinical outcomes. Methods Participants were younger siblings of children with ASD (high-risk, n = 188) or typical development (low-risk, n = 119) who were part of a prospective study of infants at risk for ASD; siblings without ASD outcomes were included in analyses. Pragmatic language skills were measured via the Language Use Inventory (LUI). Results At 36 months, the high-risk group had significantly lower parent-rated pragmatic language scores than the low-risk group. When defining pragmatic language impairment (PLI) as scores below the 10th percentile on the LUI, 35% of the high-risk group was identified with PLI versus 10% of the low-risk group. Children with PLI had higher rates of general language impairment (16%), defined as scores below the 10th percentile on the Receptive or Expressive Language subscales of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, relative to those without PLI (3%), but most did not evidence general language impairments. Children with PLI had significantly higher ADOS scores than those without PLI and had higher rates of clinician-rated atypical clinical best estimate outcomes (49%) relative to those without PLI (15%). Conclusions Pragmatic language problems are present in some siblings of children with ASD as early as 36 months of age. As the new DSM-5 diagnosis of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD) is thought to occur more frequently in family members of individuals with ASD, it is possible that some of these siblings will meet criteria for SCD as they get older. Close monitoring of early pragmatic language development in young children at familial risk for ASD is warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12342 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Early pragmatic language difficulties in siblings of children with autism: implications for DSM-5 social communication disorder? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Gregory S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Ted HUTMAN, Auteur ; Scott JOHNSON, Auteur ; A. J. SCHWICHTENBERG, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur . - p.774-781. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.774-781 Mots-clés : Pragmatic language  social communication  autism spectrum disorder  social (pragmatic) communication disorder  siblings  high-risk Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We evaluated early pragmatic language skills in preschool-age siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and examined correspondence between pragmatic language impairments and general language difficulties, autism symptomatology, and clinical outcomes. Methods Participants were younger siblings of children with ASD (high-risk, n = 188) or typical development (low-risk, n = 119) who were part of a prospective study of infants at risk for ASD; siblings without ASD outcomes were included in analyses. Pragmatic language skills were measured via the Language Use Inventory (LUI). Results At 36 months, the high-risk group had significantly lower parent-rated pragmatic language scores than the low-risk group. When defining pragmatic language impairment (PLI) as scores below the 10th percentile on the LUI, 35% of the high-risk group was identified with PLI versus 10% of the low-risk group. Children with PLI had higher rates of general language impairment (16%), defined as scores below the 10th percentile on the Receptive or Expressive Language subscales of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, relative to those without PLI (3%), but most did not evidence general language impairments. Children with PLI had significantly higher ADOS scores than those without PLI and had higher rates of clinician-rated atypical clinical best estimate outcomes (49%) relative to those without PLI (15%). Conclusions Pragmatic language problems are present in some siblings of children with ASD as early as 36 months of age. As the new DSM-5 diagnosis of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD) is thought to occur more frequently in family members of individuals with ASD, it is possible that some of these siblings will meet criteria for SCD as they get older. Close monitoring of early pragmatic language development in young children at familial risk for ASD is warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12342 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Cognitive impairments are different in single-incidence and multi-incidence ADHD families / Anoek M. OERLEMANS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.782-791 Titre : Cognitive impairments are different in single-incidence and multi-incidence ADHD families Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anoek M. OERLEMANS, Auteur ; Catharina A. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.782-791 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)  simplex-multiplex stratification  family  unaffected relative  endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We may improve our understanding of the role of common versus unique risk factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by examining ADHD-related cognitive deficits in single- (SPX), and multi-incidence (MPX) families. Given that individuals from multiplex (MPX) families are likely to share genetic vulnerability for the disorder, whereas simplex (SPX) ADHD may be the result of sporadic (non-)genetic causes unique to the patient, we hypothesized that cognitive impairments may be different in SPX and MPX ADHD as indicated by (a) the presence of cognitive deficits in MPX, but not SPX unaffected siblings and (b) dissimilar cognitive profiles in SPX and MPX ADHD patients. Methods Tasks measuring total IQ, verbal attention, executive functioning, motor functioning, and time estimation were administered to 31 SPX/264 MPX ADHD probands, 47 SPX/123 MPX unaffected siblings, and 263 controls, aged 6–19 years. Results SPX unaffected siblings were unimpaired compared to controls, except for verbal working memory, whereas MPX unaffected siblings showed impairments on most cognitive domains. The cognitive profiles of SPX and MPX probands were highly similar, except that verbal attention, response inhibition and motor control deficits were more pronounced in MPX probands, and -compared to their unaffected siblings- impairments in IQ, visual working memory and timing abilities were more pronounced in SPX cases. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that a partly different cognitive architecture may underlie SPX and MPX forms of ADHD, which becomes evident when contrasting cognitive performances within families. Cognitive factors underlying MPX forms of ADHD are familial, whereas nonfamilial in SPX ADHD. SPX-MPX stratification may be a step forward in unraveling diverse causal pathways. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Cognitive impairments are different in single-incidence and multi-incidence ADHD families [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anoek M. OERLEMANS, Auteur ; Catharina A. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur . - p.782-791. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.782-791 Mots-clés : Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)  simplex-multiplex stratification  family  unaffected relative  endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We may improve our understanding of the role of common versus unique risk factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by examining ADHD-related cognitive deficits in single- (SPX), and multi-incidence (MPX) families. Given that individuals from multiplex (MPX) families are likely to share genetic vulnerability for the disorder, whereas simplex (SPX) ADHD may be the result of sporadic (non-)genetic causes unique to the patient, we hypothesized that cognitive impairments may be different in SPX and MPX ADHD as indicated by (a) the presence of cognitive deficits in MPX, but not SPX unaffected siblings and (b) dissimilar cognitive profiles in SPX and MPX ADHD patients. Methods Tasks measuring total IQ, verbal attention, executive functioning, motor functioning, and time estimation were administered to 31 SPX/264 MPX ADHD probands, 47 SPX/123 MPX unaffected siblings, and 263 controls, aged 6–19 years. Results SPX unaffected siblings were unimpaired compared to controls, except for verbal working memory, whereas MPX unaffected siblings showed impairments on most cognitive domains. The cognitive profiles of SPX and MPX probands were highly similar, except that verbal attention, response inhibition and motor control deficits were more pronounced in MPX probands, and -compared to their unaffected siblings- impairments in IQ, visual working memory and timing abilities were more pronounced in SPX cases. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that a partly different cognitive architecture may underlie SPX and MPX forms of ADHD, which becomes evident when contrasting cognitive performances within families. Cognitive factors underlying MPX forms of ADHD are familial, whereas nonfamilial in SPX ADHD. SPX-MPX stratification may be a step forward in unraveling diverse causal pathways. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Neural reactivity to monetary rewards and losses differentiates social from generalized anxiety in children / Ellen M. KESSEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.792-800 Titre : Neural reactivity to monetary rewards and losses differentiates social from generalized anxiety in children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ellen M. KESSEL, Auteur ; Autumn KUJAWA, Auteur ; Greg HAJCAK PROUDFIT, Auteur ; Daniel N. KLEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.792-800 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  reward processing  children  event-related potentials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The relationship between reward sensitivity and pediatric anxiety is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that alterations in reward processing are more characteristic of depressive than anxiety disorders. However, some studies have reported that anxiety disorders are also associated with perturbations in reward processing. Heterogeneity in the forms of anxiety studied may account for the differences between studies. We used the feedback-negativity, an event-related potential sensitive to monetary gains versus losses (?FN), to examine whether different forms of youth anxiety symptoms were uniquely associated with reward sensitivity as indexed by neural reactivity to the receipt of positive and negative monetary outcomes. Method Participants were 390, eight- to ten-year-old children (175 females) from a large community sample. The ?FN was measured during a monetary reward task. Self-reports of child anxiety and depression symptoms and temperamental positive emotionality (PE) were obtained. Results Multiple regression analysis revealed that social anxiety and generalized anxiety symptoms were unique predictors of reward sensitivity after accounting for concurrent depressive symptoms and PE. While social anxiety was associated with a greater ?FN, generalized anxiety was associated with a reduced ?FN. Conclusions Different symptom dimensions of child anxiety are differentially related to alterations in reward sensitivity. This may, in part, explain inconsistent findings in the literature regarding reward processing in anxiety. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12355 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Neural reactivity to monetary rewards and losses differentiates social from generalized anxiety in children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ellen M. KESSEL, Auteur ; Autumn KUJAWA, Auteur ; Greg HAJCAK PROUDFIT, Auteur ; Daniel N. KLEIN, Auteur . - p.792-800. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.792-800 Mots-clés : Anxiety  reward processing  children  event-related potentials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The relationship between reward sensitivity and pediatric anxiety is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that alterations in reward processing are more characteristic of depressive than anxiety disorders. However, some studies have reported that anxiety disorders are also associated with perturbations in reward processing. Heterogeneity in the forms of anxiety studied may account for the differences between studies. We used the feedback-negativity, an event-related potential sensitive to monetary gains versus losses (?FN), to examine whether different forms of youth anxiety symptoms were uniquely associated with reward sensitivity as indexed by neural reactivity to the receipt of positive and negative monetary outcomes. Method Participants were 390, eight- to ten-year-old children (175 females) from a large community sample. The ?FN was measured during a monetary reward task. Self-reports of child anxiety and depression symptoms and temperamental positive emotionality (PE) were obtained. Results Multiple regression analysis revealed that social anxiety and generalized anxiety symptoms were unique predictors of reward sensitivity after accounting for concurrent depressive symptoms and PE. While social anxiety was associated with a greater ?FN, generalized anxiety was associated with a reduced ?FN. Conclusions Different symptom dimensions of child anxiety are differentially related to alterations in reward sensitivity. This may, in part, explain inconsistent findings in the literature regarding reward processing in anxiety. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12355 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials / Christopher W. N. SAVILLE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.801-813 Titre : Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher W. N. SAVILLE, Auteur ; Bernd FEIGE, Auteur ; Christian KLUCKERT, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; Andrea BERGER, Auteur ; Christian FLEISCHHAKER, Auteur ; Klaus HENIGHAUSEN, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.801-813 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  reaction time  working memory  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increased intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) is a promising endophenotype for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and among the most robust hallmarks of the disorder. ISV has been assumed to represent an attentional deficit, either reflecting lapses in attention or increased neural noise. Here, we use an innovative single-trial event-related potential approach to assess whether the increased ISV associated with ADHD is indeed attributable to attention, or whether it is related to response-related processing. Methods We measured electroencephalographic responses to working memory oddball tasks in patients with ADHD (N = 20, aged 11.3 ± 1.1) and healthy controls (N = 25, aged 11.7 ± 1.1), and analysed these data with a recently developed method of single-trial event-related potential analysis. Estimates of component latency variability were computed for the stimulus-locked and response-locked forms of the P3b and the lateralised readiness potential (LRP). Results ADHD patients showed significantly increased ISV in behavioural ISV. This increased ISV was paralleled by an increase in variability in response-locked event-related potential latencies, while variability in stimulus-locked latencies was equivalent between groups. This result held across the P3b and LRP. Latency of all components predicted RTs on a single-trial basis, confirming that all were relevant for speed of processing. Conclusions These data suggest that the increased ISV found in ADHD could be associated with response-end, rather than stimulus-end processes, in contrast to prevailing conceptions about the endophenotype. This mental chronometric approach may also be useful for exploring whether the existing lack of specificity of ISV to particular psychiatric conditions can be improved upon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher W. N. SAVILLE, Auteur ; Bernd FEIGE, Auteur ; Christian KLUCKERT, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; Andrea BERGER, Auteur ; Christian FLEISCHHAKER, Auteur ; Klaus HENIGHAUSEN, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur . - p.801-813. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.801-813 Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  reaction time  working memory  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increased intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) is a promising endophenotype for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and among the most robust hallmarks of the disorder. ISV has been assumed to represent an attentional deficit, either reflecting lapses in attention or increased neural noise. Here, we use an innovative single-trial event-related potential approach to assess whether the increased ISV associated with ADHD is indeed attributable to attention, or whether it is related to response-related processing. Methods We measured electroencephalographic responses to working memory oddball tasks in patients with ADHD (N = 20, aged 11.3 ± 1.1) and healthy controls (N = 25, aged 11.7 ± 1.1), and analysed these data with a recently developed method of single-trial event-related potential analysis. Estimates of component latency variability were computed for the stimulus-locked and response-locked forms of the P3b and the lateralised readiness potential (LRP). Results ADHD patients showed significantly increased ISV in behavioural ISV. This increased ISV was paralleled by an increase in variability in response-locked event-related potential latencies, while variability in stimulus-locked latencies was equivalent between groups. This result held across the P3b and LRP. Latency of all components predicted RTs on a single-trial basis, confirming that all were relevant for speed of processing. Conclusions These data suggest that the increased ISV found in ADHD could be associated with response-end, rather than stimulus-end processes, in contrast to prevailing conceptions about the endophenotype. This mental chronometric approach may also be useful for exploring whether the existing lack of specificity of ISV to particular psychiatric conditions can be improved upon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Trauma memories, mental health, and resilience: a prospective study of Afghan youth / Catherine PANTER-BRICK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.814-825 Titre : Trauma memories, mental health, and resilience: a prospective study of Afghan youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine PANTER-BRICK, Auteur ; Marie-Pascale GRIMON, Auteur ; Michael KALIN, Auteur ; Mark EGGERMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.814-825 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adverse childhood experiences  trauma  violence  PTSD  depression  Afghanistan  Pakistan Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies of war-affected youth have not yet examined how trauma memories relate to prospective changes in mental health and to subjective or social experiences. Methods We interviewed a gender-balanced, randomly selected sample of Afghan child-caregiver dyads (n = 331, two waves, 1 year apart). We assessed lifetime trauma with a Traumatic Event Checklist, past-year events with a checklist of risk and protective events, and several child mental health outcomes including posttraumatic distress (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale, CRIES) and depression. We examined the consistency of trauma recall over time, identified mental health trajectories with latent transition modeling, and assessed the predictors of posttraumatic distress and depression trajectories with multinomial logistic regressions. Results From baseline to follow-up, reports of lifetime trauma significantly changed (p ? 0.01). A third of the cohort reported no trauma exposure; only 10% identified the same event as their most distressing experience. We identified four CRIES trajectories: low or no distress (52%), rising distress (15%), declining distress (21%), and sustained high distress (12%). Youth with chronic posttraumatic distress were more likely to be girls (OR = 5.78, p ? 0.01), report more trauma exposure at baseline (OR = 1.55, p ? 0.05) and follow-up (OR = 5.96, p ? 0.01), and experience ongoing domestic violence (OR = 4.84, p ? 0.01). The risks of rising distress and sustained distress showed a steady increase for youth recalling up to four traumatic experiences. Depression and CRIES trajectories showed weak comorbidity. Conclusions Memories of violent events are malleable, embedded in social experiences, and present heterogeneous associations with posttraumatic distress. Our study provides insights on resilience and vulnerability to multiple adverse childhood experiences, highlighting research and clinical implications for understanding trauma in conflict-affected youth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12350 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Trauma memories, mental health, and resilience: a prospective study of Afghan youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine PANTER-BRICK, Auteur ; Marie-Pascale GRIMON, Auteur ; Michael KALIN, Auteur ; Mark EGGERMAN, Auteur . - p.814-825. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.814-825 Mots-clés : Adverse childhood experiences  trauma  violence  PTSD  depression  Afghanistan  Pakistan Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies of war-affected youth have not yet examined how trauma memories relate to prospective changes in mental health and to subjective or social experiences. Methods We interviewed a gender-balanced, randomly selected sample of Afghan child-caregiver dyads (n = 331, two waves, 1 year apart). We assessed lifetime trauma with a Traumatic Event Checklist, past-year events with a checklist of risk and protective events, and several child mental health outcomes including posttraumatic distress (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale, CRIES) and depression. We examined the consistency of trauma recall over time, identified mental health trajectories with latent transition modeling, and assessed the predictors of posttraumatic distress and depression trajectories with multinomial logistic regressions. Results From baseline to follow-up, reports of lifetime trauma significantly changed (p ? 0.01). A third of the cohort reported no trauma exposure; only 10% identified the same event as their most distressing experience. We identified four CRIES trajectories: low or no distress (52%), rising distress (15%), declining distress (21%), and sustained high distress (12%). Youth with chronic posttraumatic distress were more likely to be girls (OR = 5.78, p ? 0.01), report more trauma exposure at baseline (OR = 1.55, p ? 0.05) and follow-up (OR = 5.96, p ? 0.01), and experience ongoing domestic violence (OR = 4.84, p ? 0.01). The risks of rising distress and sustained distress showed a steady increase for youth recalling up to four traumatic experiences. Depression and CRIES trajectories showed weak comorbidity. Conclusions Memories of violent events are malleable, embedded in social experiences, and present heterogeneous associations with posttraumatic distress. Our study provides insights on resilience and vulnerability to multiple adverse childhood experiences, highlighting research and clinical implications for understanding trauma in conflict-affected youth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12350 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Age of onset and the subclassification of conduct/dissocial disorder / Judy SILBERG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.826-833 Titre : Age of onset and the subclassification of conduct/dissocial disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judy SILBERG, Auteur ; Ashlee A. MOORE, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.826-833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Age of onset  conduct disorder  persistence into adult life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Conduct Disorder (CD) is a markedly heterogeneous psychiatric condition. Moffitt (1993) proposed that subclassification of CD should be according to age of onset. Our goals were to compare childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD in terms of differences in phenotypic risk factors, genetic analyses, and factors associated with the persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood. Methods The data are from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD) and Young Adult Follow-Up (YAFU). Childhood-onset CD was defined as CD beginning at or before age 11. Adolescent-onset CD was defined as having CD onset between ages 14 and 17. These subgroups were compared on ADHD, young adult antisocial behavior (ASB), family dysfunction, and parental depression. Genetic analyses compare childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD, as well as their cooccurrence with ADHD and ASB. Finally, predictors of persistence were examined. Results Childhood-onset CD was significantly associated with ADHD, ASB, family dysfunction, and parental depression. Adolescent-onset CD was marginally associated with parental depression (p = .05) but not with any of the other risk factors. Univariate genetic models showed that both childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD involve a large genetic liability accounting for 62% and 65% of the variance, respectively. A common genetic factor (as well as an ADHD-specific factor) accounted for the cooccurrence of childhood-onset CD and ADHD. The cooccurrence of childhood-onset CD and ASB are reflected by a common genetic factor with genetic specific effects on ASB. There was no etiological link between adolescent-onset CD and either ADHD or ASB. Both ADHD and family dysfunction were significantly associated with the persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood. Conclusions Phenotypic findings differentiated between childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD. ADHD and family dysfunction predicted persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12353 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Age of onset and the subclassification of conduct/dissocial disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judy SILBERG, Auteur ; Ashlee A. MOORE, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur . - p.826-833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.826-833 Mots-clés : Age of onset  conduct disorder  persistence into adult life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Conduct Disorder (CD) is a markedly heterogeneous psychiatric condition. Moffitt (1993) proposed that subclassification of CD should be according to age of onset. Our goals were to compare childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD in terms of differences in phenotypic risk factors, genetic analyses, and factors associated with the persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood. Methods The data are from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD) and Young Adult Follow-Up (YAFU). Childhood-onset CD was defined as CD beginning at or before age 11. Adolescent-onset CD was defined as having CD onset between ages 14 and 17. These subgroups were compared on ADHD, young adult antisocial behavior (ASB), family dysfunction, and parental depression. Genetic analyses compare childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD, as well as their cooccurrence with ADHD and ASB. Finally, predictors of persistence were examined. Results Childhood-onset CD was significantly associated with ADHD, ASB, family dysfunction, and parental depression. Adolescent-onset CD was marginally associated with parental depression (p = .05) but not with any of the other risk factors. Univariate genetic models showed that both childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD involve a large genetic liability accounting for 62% and 65% of the variance, respectively. A common genetic factor (as well as an ADHD-specific factor) accounted for the cooccurrence of childhood-onset CD and ADHD. The cooccurrence of childhood-onset CD and ASB are reflected by a common genetic factor with genetic specific effects on ASB. There was no etiological link between adolescent-onset CD and either ADHD or ASB. Both ADHD and family dysfunction were significantly associated with the persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood. Conclusions Phenotypic findings differentiated between childhood-onset and adolescent-onset CD. ADHD and family dysfunction predicted persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12353 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260