Autistic adults exhibit a typical search advantage for facing dyads / Tim VESTNER in Autism Research, 17-12 (December 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-12 (December 2024) . - p.2572-2578 Titre : Autistic adults exhibit a typical search advantage for facing dyads Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tim VESTNER, Auteur ; Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU, Auteur ; Katie L. H. GRAY, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2572-2578 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  search advantage for facing dyads  social interactions  visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent findings obtained with non-autistic participants indicate that pairs of facing individuals (face-to-face dyadic targets) are found faster than pairs of non-facing individuals (back-to-back dyadic targets) when hidden among distractor pairings (e.g., pairs of individuals arranged face-to-back) in visual search displays. These results suggest that facing dyads may compete for observers' attention more effectively than non-facing dyads. In principle, such an advantage might aid the detection of social interactions and facilitate social learning. Autistic individuals are known to exhibit differences in visual processing that impede their perception of other individuals. At present, however, little is known about multi-actor visual processing in autism. Here, we sought to determine whether autistic individuals show a typical search advantage for facing dyads. In an online study, autistic and non-autistic participants were tasked with finding target dyads (pairs of faces arranged face-to-face or back-to-back) embedded among distractor dyads (pairs of faces arranged face-to-back). Relative to the non-autistic controls, the autistic participants took slightly longer to locate target dyads. However, a clear and comparable search advantage for facing dyads was seen in both participant groups. This preliminary evidence suggests that multi-actor processing of autistic participants exhibits typical sensitivity to dyadic arrangement. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=544 [article] Autistic adults exhibit a typical search advantage for facing dyads [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tim VESTNER, Auteur ; Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU, Auteur ; Katie L. H. GRAY, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur . - p.2572-2578. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-12 (December 2024) . - p.2572-2578 Mots-clés : autism  search advantage for facing dyads  social interactions  visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent findings obtained with non-autistic participants indicate that pairs of facing individuals (face-to-face dyadic targets) are found faster than pairs of non-facing individuals (back-to-back dyadic targets) when hidden among distractor pairings (e.g., pairs of individuals arranged face-to-back) in visual search displays. These results suggest that facing dyads may compete for observers' attention more effectively than non-facing dyads. In principle, such an advantage might aid the detection of social interactions and facilitate social learning. Autistic individuals are known to exhibit differences in visual processing that impede their perception of other individuals. At present, however, little is known about multi-actor visual processing in autism. Here, we sought to determine whether autistic individuals show a typical search advantage for facing dyads. In an online study, autistic and non-autistic participants were tasked with finding target dyads (pairs of faces arranged face-to-face or back-to-back) embedded among distractor dyads (pairs of faces arranged face-to-back). Relative to the non-autistic controls, the autistic participants took slightly longer to locate target dyads. However, a clear and comparable search advantage for facing dyads was seen in both participant groups. This preliminary evidence suggests that multi-actor processing of autistic participants exhibits typical sensitivity to dyadic arrangement. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=544

Autistic adults exhibit typical sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance / Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU ; Clare PRESS ; Katie L. H. GRAY ; Richard COOK in Autism Research, 17-7 (July 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1464-1474 Titre : Autistic adults exhibit typical sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Katie L. H. GRAY, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1464-1474 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The visual processing differences seen in autism often impede individuals' visual perception of the social world. In particular, many autistic people exhibit poor face recognition. Here, we sought to determine whether autistic adults also show impaired perception of dyadic social interactions-a class of stimulus thought to engage face-like visual processing. Our focus was the perception of interpersonal distance. Participants completed distance change detection tasks, in which they had to make perceptual decisions about the distance between two actors. On half of the trials, participants judged whether the actors moved closer together; on the other half, whether they moved further apart. In a nonsocial control task, participants made similar judgments about two grandfather clocks. We also assessed participants' face recognition ability using standardized measures. The autistic and nonautistic observers showed similar levels of perceptual sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance when viewing social interactions. As expected, however, the autistic observers showed clear signs of impaired face recognition. Despite putative similarities between the visual processing of faces and dyadic social interactions, our results suggest that these two facets of social vision may dissociate. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3164 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533 [article] Autistic adults exhibit typical sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Katie L. H. GRAY, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur . - p.1464-1474. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1464-1474 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The visual processing differences seen in autism often impede individuals' visual perception of the social world. In particular, many autistic people exhibit poor face recognition. Here, we sought to determine whether autistic adults also show impaired perception of dyadic social interactions-a class of stimulus thought to engage face-like visual processing. Our focus was the perception of interpersonal distance. Participants completed distance change detection tasks, in which they had to make perceptual decisions about the distance between two actors. On half of the trials, participants judged whether the actors moved closer together; on the other half, whether they moved further apart. In a nonsocial control task, participants made similar judgments about two grandfather clocks. We also assessed participants' face recognition ability using standardized measures. The autistic and nonautistic observers showed similar levels of perceptual sensitivity to changes in interpersonal distance when viewing social interactions. As expected, however, the autistic observers showed clear signs of impaired face recognition. Despite putative similarities between the visual processing of faces and dyadic social interactions, our results suggest that these two facets of social vision may dissociate. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3164 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533

Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Rebecca BREWER in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.262-271 Titre : Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Federica BIOTTI, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.262-271 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : social cognition  face perception  cognitive neuroscience  expression production Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The difficulties encountered by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when interacting with neurotypical (NT, i.e. nonautistic) individuals are usually attributed to failure to recognize the emotions and mental states of their NT interaction partner. It is also possible, however, that at least some of the difficulty is due to a failure of NT individuals to read the mental and emotional states of ASD interaction partners. Previous research has frequently observed deficits of typical facial emotion recognition in individuals with ASD, suggesting atypical representations of emotional expressions. Relatively little research, however, has investigated the ability of individuals with ASD to produce recognizable emotional expressions, and thus, whether NT individuals can recognize autistic emotional expressions. The few studies which have investigated this have used only NT observers, making it impossible to determine whether atypical representations are shared among individuals with ASD, or idiosyncratic. This study investigated NT and ASD participants’ ability to recognize emotional expressions produced by NT and ASD posers. Three posing conditions were included, to determine whether potential group differences are due to atypical cognitive representations of emotion, impaired understanding of the communicative value of expressions, or poor proprioceptive feedback. Results indicated that ASD expressions were recognized less well than NT expressions, and that this is likely due to a genuine deficit in the representation of typical emotional expressions in this population. Further, ASD expressions were equally poorly recognized by NT individuals and those with ASD, implicating idiosyncratic, rather than common, atypical representations of emotional expressions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Federica BIOTTI, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.262-271. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.262-271 Mots-clés : social cognition  face perception  cognitive neuroscience  expression production Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The difficulties encountered by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when interacting with neurotypical (NT, i.e. nonautistic) individuals are usually attributed to failure to recognize the emotions and mental states of their NT interaction partner. It is also possible, however, that at least some of the difficulty is due to a failure of NT individuals to read the mental and emotional states of ASD interaction partners. Previous research has frequently observed deficits of typical facial emotion recognition in individuals with ASD, suggesting atypical representations of emotional expressions. Relatively little research, however, has investigated the ability of individuals with ASD to produce recognizable emotional expressions, and thus, whether NT individuals can recognize autistic emotional expressions. The few studies which have investigated this have used only NT observers, making it impossible to determine whether atypical representations are shared among individuals with ASD, or idiosyncratic. This study investigated NT and ASD participants’ ability to recognize emotional expressions produced by NT and ASD posers. Three posing conditions were included, to determine whether potential group differences are due to atypical cognitive representations of emotion, impaired understanding of the communicative value of expressions, or poor proprioceptive feedback. Results indicated that ASD expressions were recognized less well than NT expressions, and that this is likely due to a genuine deficit in the representation of typical emotional expressions in this population. Further, ASD expressions were equally poorly recognized by NT individuals and those with ASD, implicating idiosyncratic, rather than common, atypical representations of emotional expressions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1508 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults / Richard COOK in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.481-490 Titre : Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.481-490 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  adaptation  aftereffects  facial identity  facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Intact Facial Adaptation in Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard COOK, Auteur ; Rebecca BREWER, Auteur ; Punit SHAH, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.481-490. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.481-490 Mots-clés : autism  adaptation  aftereffects  facial identity  facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adaptation paradigms seek to bias subsequently viewed stimuli through prolonged exposure to an adapting stimulus, thereby giving rise to an aftereffect. Recent experiments have found that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show reduced facial aftereffects, prompting some researchers to speculate that all individuals with ASD exhibit deficient facial adaptation. However, caution is required when generalizing findings from samples of children with ASD to the wider ASD population. The reduced facial aftereffects seen in child samples may instead reflect delayed or atypical developmental trajectories, whereby individuals with ASD are slower to develop adaptive mechanisms. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to determine whether high-functioning adults with ASD also show diminished aftereffects for facial identity and expression. In Experiment 1, using a procedure that minimized the contribution of low-level retinotopic adaptation, we observed substantial aftereffects comparable to those seen in matched controls, for both facial identity and expression. A similar pattern of results was seen in Experiment 2 using a revised procedure that increased the contribution of retinotopic adaptation to the facial aftereffects observed. That adults with autism can show robust facial aftereffects raises the possibility that group differences are seen only at particular points during development, and may not be a lifelong feature of the condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

Poor face recognition predicts social anxiety in autism: A short report / Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2937 - 2942 Titre : Poor face recognition predicts social anxiety in autism: A short report Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU, Auteur ; Katie LH GRAY, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2937 - 2942 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  face recognition  mental health  social anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the present study, we sought to examine whether face recognition problems impact the social anxiety experienced by autistic people. Many autistic people - perhaps between 15% and 30% - exhibit severe face recognition problems that closely resemble developmental prosopagnosia. At present, however, little is known about the psychosocial consequences of these difficulties. Autistic participants (N = 60) with varying degrees of face recognition ability completed two measures of face recognition (the original and Australian variants of the Cambridge Face Memory test), a measure of social anxiety (the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale) and a bespoke survey that enquired about individuals' experiences of face recognition and social interaction. Relative to autistic individuals with average or above-average face recognition, autistic individuals with poor face recognition described significantly higher levels of social anxiety. Moreover, more than half our participants felt that poor face recognition hampered their social interaction, while more than a third thought that poor face recognition had undermined their efforts to make friends. These initial results suggest that poor face recognition may be an important determinant of social anxiety in autism. Lay abstract Research has shown that some autistic people have severe difficulties in recognising other people?s faces. However, little is understood about how these difficulties impact the daily life and the mental well-being of autistic people. In this study, we asked 60 autistic adults with varying degrees of face recognition ability to complete two tests of face recognition, a questionnaire about social anxiety and a bespoke survey which asked participants about their experiences of face recognition and social interaction. We found that participants who had poor face recognition reported experiencing higher levels of social anxiety compared to those with average or better face recognition skills. More than half felt that their face recognition difficulties affected their social interactions, and over a third believed it hindered their ability to make friends. These findings suggest that face recognition difficulties may contribute to social anxiety among autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241272031 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Poor face recognition predicts social anxiety in autism: A short report [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU, Auteur ; Katie LH GRAY, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur . - p.2937 - 2942. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2937 - 2942 Mots-clés : autism  face recognition  mental health  social anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the present study, we sought to examine whether face recognition problems impact the social anxiety experienced by autistic people. Many autistic people - perhaps between 15% and 30% - exhibit severe face recognition problems that closely resemble developmental prosopagnosia. At present, however, little is known about the psychosocial consequences of these difficulties. Autistic participants (N = 60) with varying degrees of face recognition ability completed two measures of face recognition (the original and Australian variants of the Cambridge Face Memory test), a measure of social anxiety (the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale) and a bespoke survey that enquired about individuals' experiences of face recognition and social interaction. Relative to autistic individuals with average or above-average face recognition, autistic individuals with poor face recognition described significantly higher levels of social anxiety. Moreover, more than half our participants felt that poor face recognition hampered their social interaction, while more than a third thought that poor face recognition had undermined their efforts to make friends. These initial results suggest that poor face recognition may be an important determinant of social anxiety in autism. Lay abstract Research has shown that some autistic people have severe difficulties in recognising other people?s faces. However, little is understood about how these difficulties impact the daily life and the mental well-being of autistic people. In this study, we asked 60 autistic adults with varying degrees of face recognition ability to complete two tests of face recognition, a questionnaire about social anxiety and a bespoke survey which asked participants about their experiences of face recognition and social interaction. We found that participants who had poor face recognition reported experiencing higher levels of social anxiety compared to those with average or better face recognition skills. More than half felt that their face recognition difficulties affected their social interactions, and over a third believed it hindered their ability to make friends. These findings suggest that face recognition difficulties may contribute to social anxiety among autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241272031 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

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