Dépouillements

Neurodiversity paradigms and their development across cultures: Some reflections in East Asian contexts / Tomoya HIROTA in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2685 - 2689 Titre : Neurodiversity paradigms and their development across cultures: Some reflections in East Asian contexts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tomoya HIROTA, Auteur ; Keun-Ah CHEON, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2685 - 2689 Langues : Anglais (eng) En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241285678 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Neurodiversity paradigms and their development across cultures: Some reflections in East Asian contexts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tomoya HIROTA, Auteur ; Keun-Ah CHEON, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur . - p.2685 - 2689. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2685 - 2689 En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241285678 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Career progression for autistic people: A scoping review / Jade DAVIES in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2690 - 2706 Titre : Career progression for autistic people: A scoping review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jade DAVIES, Auteur ; Anna Melissa ROMUALDEZ, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2690 - 2706 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  career progression  career success  employment  scoping review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many autistic people are unemployed. Of those who are employed, many are in roles that do not reflect their skills, qualifications and/or capabilities, and little is known about how autistic people progress throughout their careers. This study aimed to review and synthesise the existing evidence about career progression for autistic people. In total, 33 studies met the criteria for inclusion, though no study directly aimed to explore the topic. Our findings suggest that underemployment is common within the autistic population. Indirectly, we identified several potential barriers and facilitators of career progression for autistic people. Possible barriers included personal (e.g. gaps in education and employment history), relational (e.g. disclosing an autism diagnosis) and organisational factors (e.g. inadequate employment support). Adequate employment support was the most frequently discussed facilitator. Future research should seek to identify the most successful employment supports for autistic people over the long term to ensure that all autistic people are able to live - and work - in ways that are meaningful to them. Lay abstract Lots of autistic people are unemployed. Even when they are employed, autistic people might be given fewer opportunities than non-autistic people to progress in their careers. For example, assumptions about autistic people?s differences in social communication might mean they are not given as many promotions. Indeed, we know that many autistic people are in jobs lower than their abilities (known as 'underemployment'). We reviewed 33 studies that tell us something about career progression for autistic people. Our review found that lots of autistic people want to progress in their careers, but there are many barriers in their way. For example, when they told their employer about being autistic, some people were given fewer opportunities. Research has also shown that autistic people do not get enough support to progress and that gaps in their employment history can make it difficult to progress. Our review suggested that good employment support (e.g. mentors) might help autistic people to progress in their careers. However, not much research has evaluated employment support for autistic people, which means we do not know how useful it is. Future research should find the best support that allows autistic people to live and work in ways that are meaningful to them. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241236110 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Career progression for autistic people: A scoping review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jade DAVIES, Auteur ; Anna Melissa ROMUALDEZ, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur . - p.2690 - 2706. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2690 - 2706 Mots-clés : autism  career progression  career success  employment  scoping review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many autistic people are unemployed. Of those who are employed, many are in roles that do not reflect their skills, qualifications and/or capabilities, and little is known about how autistic people progress throughout their careers. This study aimed to review and synthesise the existing evidence about career progression for autistic people. In total, 33 studies met the criteria for inclusion, though no study directly aimed to explore the topic. Our findings suggest that underemployment is common within the autistic population. Indirectly, we identified several potential barriers and facilitators of career progression for autistic people. Possible barriers included personal (e.g. gaps in education and employment history), relational (e.g. disclosing an autism diagnosis) and organisational factors (e.g. inadequate employment support). Adequate employment support was the most frequently discussed facilitator. Future research should seek to identify the most successful employment supports for autistic people over the long term to ensure that all autistic people are able to live - and work - in ways that are meaningful to them. Lay abstract Lots of autistic people are unemployed. Even when they are employed, autistic people might be given fewer opportunities than non-autistic people to progress in their careers. For example, assumptions about autistic people?s differences in social communication might mean they are not given as many promotions. Indeed, we know that many autistic people are in jobs lower than their abilities (known as 'underemployment'). We reviewed 33 studies that tell us something about career progression for autistic people. Our review found that lots of autistic people want to progress in their careers, but there are many barriers in their way. For example, when they told their employer about being autistic, some people were given fewer opportunities. Research has also shown that autistic people do not get enough support to progress and that gaps in their employment history can make it difficult to progress. Our review suggested that good employment support (e.g. mentors) might help autistic people to progress in their careers. However, not much research has evaluated employment support for autistic people, which means we do not know how useful it is. Future research should find the best support that allows autistic people to live and work in ways that are meaningful to them. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241236110 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

The impact of educational and medical systems on autistic children from multilingual American homes: A systematic review / Hyejung KIM in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2707 - 2721 Titre : The impact of educational and medical systems on autistic children from multilingual American homes: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hyejung KIM, Auteur ; Diana BAKER, Auteur ; Sunyoung KIM, Auteur ; Cong LIU, Auteur ; Kelley COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2707 - 2721 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  bilingual  English learner  instructional language  multilingual Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has demonstrated that multilingual exposure does not inherently impede language development or academic achievement in autistic children. Nevertheless, autistic students who are multilingual learners may experience unique challenges in the United States, where systemic barriers constrain both the diagnosis and the delivery of education. This review synthesizes 46 US-based studies to assess how educational and, to a lesser extent, medical systems are (or are not) prepared to offer adequate support to autistic individuals from multilingual families. Results reveal varied patterns of systemic inequity faced by multilingual children on the autism spectrum, elucidating the issues of disproportionality as well as unequal access to educational and medical resources. While the majority of studies emphasize the benefits of multilingual environments for autistic students, a persistent trend in favor of monolingual instructional strategies remains. Despite this, emerging publications present experimental evidence that drawing on students' first languages can bolster academic and behavioral performance and strengthen executive functioning. Lay Abstract Research has found that autistic children can navigate multilingual schools and communities without harming their language skills or school success. However, they may encounter specific challenges within the United States, where educational and healthcare systems are insufficiently equipped to meet their needs. This review examined 46 US-based studies on the topic and findings reveal persistent deficit-based ideas about multilingualism and autism (e.g., professionals recommending that autistic students only speak and learn in English) accompanied by patterns of unequal identification of autism among multilingual children. These findings highlight issues of disproportionality and inadequate access to educational and healthcare resources. However, recent studies indicate that incorporating a child?s native language in education not only enhances learning and behavioral outcomes but also boosts cognitive functions like problem-solving and planning. Taken as a whole, current research suggests that intentionally addressing linguistic diversity will allow educational and medical systems to better serve autistic children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241242839 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] The impact of educational and medical systems on autistic children from multilingual American homes: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hyejung KIM, Auteur ; Diana BAKER, Auteur ; Sunyoung KIM, Auteur ; Cong LIU, Auteur ; Kelley COOK, Auteur . - p.2707 - 2721. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2707 - 2721 Mots-clés : autism  bilingual  English learner  instructional language  multilingual Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has demonstrated that multilingual exposure does not inherently impede language development or academic achievement in autistic children. Nevertheless, autistic students who are multilingual learners may experience unique challenges in the United States, where systemic barriers constrain both the diagnosis and the delivery of education. This review synthesizes 46 US-based studies to assess how educational and, to a lesser extent, medical systems are (or are not) prepared to offer adequate support to autistic individuals from multilingual families. Results reveal varied patterns of systemic inequity faced by multilingual children on the autism spectrum, elucidating the issues of disproportionality as well as unequal access to educational and medical resources. While the majority of studies emphasize the benefits of multilingual environments for autistic students, a persistent trend in favor of monolingual instructional strategies remains. Despite this, emerging publications present experimental evidence that drawing on students' first languages can bolster academic and behavioral performance and strengthen executive functioning. Lay Abstract Research has found that autistic children can navigate multilingual schools and communities without harming their language skills or school success. However, they may encounter specific challenges within the United States, where educational and healthcare systems are insufficiently equipped to meet their needs. This review examined 46 US-based studies on the topic and findings reveal persistent deficit-based ideas about multilingualism and autism (e.g., professionals recommending that autistic students only speak and learn in English) accompanied by patterns of unequal identification of autism among multilingual children. These findings highlight issues of disproportionality and inadequate access to educational and healthcare resources. However, recent studies indicate that incorporating a child?s native language in education not only enhances learning and behavioral outcomes but also boosts cognitive functions like problem-solving and planning. Taken as a whole, current research suggests that intentionally addressing linguistic diversity will allow educational and medical systems to better serve autistic children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241242839 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Probiotics in autism spectrum disorder: Recent insights from animal models / Navid GOLBAGHI in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2722 - 2737 Titre : Probiotics in autism spectrum disorder: Recent insights from animal models Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Navid GOLBAGHI, Auteur ; Saeideh NAEIMI, Auteur ; Afra DARVISHI, Auteur ; Niloofar NAJARI, Auteur ; Sofia CUSSOTTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2722 - 2737 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  gut-brain axis  Lactobacillus  probiotics  animal models Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a wide range of behavioral alterations, including impaired social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Numerous pharmacological interventions have been developed for autism spectrum disorder, often proving ineffective and accompanied by a multitude of side effects. The gut microbial alterations observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, including elevated levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, as well as reduced levels of Bifidobacterium, provide a basis for further investigation. Recent preclinical studies have shown favorable outcomes with probiotic therapy, including improvements in oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of neurotransmitters, and restoration of microbial balance. The aim of this review is to explore the potential of probiotics for the management and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, by investigating insights from recent studies in animals. Lay abstract Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a wide range of behavioral alterations, including impaired social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Numerous pharmacological interventions have been developed for autism spectrum disorder, often proving ineffective and accompanied by a multitude of side effects. The gut microbiota is the reservoir of bacteria inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbial alterations observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, including elevated levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, as well as reduced levels of Bifidobacterium, provide a basis for further investigation into the role of the gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder. Recent preclinical studies have shown favorable outcomes with probiotic therapy, including improvements in oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of neurotransmitters, and restoration of microbial balance. The aim of this review is to explore the potential of probiotics for the management and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, by investigating insights from recent studies in animals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241246911 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Probiotics in autism spectrum disorder: Recent insights from animal models [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Navid GOLBAGHI, Auteur ; Saeideh NAEIMI, Auteur ; Afra DARVISHI, Auteur ; Niloofar NAJARI, Auteur ; Sofia CUSSOTTO, Auteur . - p.2722 - 2737. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2722 - 2737 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  gut-brain axis  Lactobacillus  probiotics  animal models Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a wide range of behavioral alterations, including impaired social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Numerous pharmacological interventions have been developed for autism spectrum disorder, often proving ineffective and accompanied by a multitude of side effects. The gut microbial alterations observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, including elevated levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, as well as reduced levels of Bifidobacterium, provide a basis for further investigation. Recent preclinical studies have shown favorable outcomes with probiotic therapy, including improvements in oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of neurotransmitters, and restoration of microbial balance. The aim of this review is to explore the potential of probiotics for the management and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, by investigating insights from recent studies in animals. Lay abstract Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a wide range of behavioral alterations, including impaired social interaction and repetitive behaviors. Numerous pharmacological interventions have been developed for autism spectrum disorder, often proving ineffective and accompanied by a multitude of side effects. The gut microbiota is the reservoir of bacteria inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbial alterations observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, including elevated levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, as well as reduced levels of Bifidobacterium, provide a basis for further investigation into the role of the gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder. Recent preclinical studies have shown favorable outcomes with probiotic therapy, including improvements in oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of neurotransmitters, and restoration of microbial balance. The aim of this review is to explore the potential of probiotics for the management and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, by investigating insights from recent studies in animals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241246911 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Identifying autistic children: Priorities for research arising from a systematic review of parents' experiences of the assessment process / Sinead O?NEILL in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2738 - 2753 Titre : Identifying autistic children: Priorities for research arising from a systematic review of parents' experiences of the assessment process Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sinead O?NEILL, Auteur ; Grainne M. O?DONNELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2738 - 2753 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism assessment  diagnosis of autism  neurodiversity  parental experiences  qualitative research  systematic literature review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our goal was to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise the qualitative research on parents' experiences of the autism assessment process. The empirical studies were quality appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. We synthesised the data using a meta-synthesis approach. Parents' experiences were categorised into four phases namely: the pre-identification phase, the identification process, emotional reactions to the identification of the children as autistic and the post-identification phase. Informed by the social and human rights discourse on disability, we provide recommendations for future research, respecting the rights of all concerned. We discuss the implications of this review for future research into the autism assessment process. Parents consistently mentioned the importance of professional communication and we make recommendations for research on parent - professional partnerships. Given the sensitivities of the issues, we draw attention to ethical considerations when conducting research on the autism assessment process. Finally, we address the strategies that professionals can adopt in applying neurodiversity-affirmative approaches when identifying autistic children and supporting their parents. Lay Abstract Hearing about parents' experiences of having their child recognised as autistic could help improve the supports offered to parents. Our article may also help guide future research on this topic. We made a list of the type of research that interested us. We searched the studies already completed, only studying the research that matched our interests. After reading the studies, we rated their quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. It became clear that parents went through four phases during the identification process. The first phase occurred before their child was identified as autistic. The second involved the actual assessment of their child. Parents' emotional reactions to the news were the focus of the third phase. The final phase occurred after their child was identified as autistic. We discuss the findings of our research. As there are sensitivities involved in conducting research on this topic, we identify how researchers can ensure that their research is of the best quality. We are committed to respecting the human rights of all involved, so we emphasise the need for professionals to develop good relationships with the parents of autistic children. Researchers have recently come to see autism as typical of human diversity. We encourage the professionals involved to adopt this understanding of autistic children and make practical suggestions to enable them to do so. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241243107 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Identifying autistic children: Priorities for research arising from a systematic review of parents' experiences of the assessment process [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sinead O?NEILL, Auteur ; Grainne M. O?DONNELL, Auteur . - p.2738 - 2753. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2738 - 2753 Mots-clés : autism assessment  diagnosis of autism  neurodiversity  parental experiences  qualitative research  systematic literature review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Our goal was to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise the qualitative research on parents' experiences of the autism assessment process. The empirical studies were quality appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. We synthesised the data using a meta-synthesis approach. Parents' experiences were categorised into four phases namely: the pre-identification phase, the identification process, emotional reactions to the identification of the children as autistic and the post-identification phase. Informed by the social and human rights discourse on disability, we provide recommendations for future research, respecting the rights of all concerned. We discuss the implications of this review for future research into the autism assessment process. Parents consistently mentioned the importance of professional communication and we make recommendations for research on parent - professional partnerships. Given the sensitivities of the issues, we draw attention to ethical considerations when conducting research on the autism assessment process. Finally, we address the strategies that professionals can adopt in applying neurodiversity-affirmative approaches when identifying autistic children and supporting their parents. Lay Abstract Hearing about parents' experiences of having their child recognised as autistic could help improve the supports offered to parents. Our article may also help guide future research on this topic. We made a list of the type of research that interested us. We searched the studies already completed, only studying the research that matched our interests. After reading the studies, we rated their quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. It became clear that parents went through four phases during the identification process. The first phase occurred before their child was identified as autistic. The second involved the actual assessment of their child. Parents' emotional reactions to the news were the focus of the third phase. The final phase occurred after their child was identified as autistic. We discuss the findings of our research. As there are sensitivities involved in conducting research on this topic, we identify how researchers can ensure that their research is of the best quality. We are committed to respecting the human rights of all involved, so we emphasise the need for professionals to develop good relationships with the parents of autistic children. Researchers have recently come to see autism as typical of human diversity. We encourage the professionals involved to adopt this understanding of autistic children and make practical suggestions to enable them to do so. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241243107 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Smiling synchronization predicts interaction enjoyment in peer dyads of autistic and neurotypical youth / Kathryn A. MCNAUGHTON in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2754 - 2767 Titre : Smiling synchronization predicts interaction enjoyment in peer dyads of autistic and neurotypical youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kathryn A. MCNAUGHTON, Auteur ; Alexandra MOSS, Auteur ; Heather A. YARGER, Auteur ; Elizabeth REDCAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2754 - 2767 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescents  autism spectrum disorders  behavioral measurement  school-aged children  social cognition and social behavior  social interaction  synchrony Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic youth often experience challenges in interactions with neurotypical peers. One factor that may influence successful interactions with peers is interpersonal synchrony, or the degree to which interacting individuals align their behaviors (e.g. facial expressions) over time. Autistic and neurotypical youth were paired together into three dyad types: autistic participants paired with autistic participants (AUT-AUT), autistic participants paired with neurotypical participants (AUT-NT), and neurotypical participants with neurotypical participants (NT-NT). Dyads participated in a free conversation task and a video-watching task. We tested whether smiling synchronization differed between AUT-AUT, AUT-NT, and NT-NT dyads. We further tested if smiling synchronization predicted youth-reported interaction enjoyment. AUT-NT dyads had significantly reduced smiling synchronization compared with NT-NT dyads. Smiling synchronization also predicted multiple aspects of participant-rated interaction enjoyment, such as the desire to interact with the peer partner again, above and beyond the overall amount of smiling in the interaction. These findings indicate links between smiling synchronization and interaction enjoyment for autistic and neurotypical youth. Identifying opportunities to synchronize or share positive affect in interactions may promote more enjoyable interactions for both autistic and neurotypical youth. Lay abstract For autistic and neurotypical youth, having positive social interactions with other youth is an important part of well-being. Other researchers have found that one factor that can make people feel like social interactions have gone well is synchronization. Synchronization happens when peoples' body movements and facial expressions align while they?re interacting. We focus on smiling synchronization here because other studies have found that when neurotypical individuals synchronize their smiles more in a social interaction, they say they enjoy that social interaction more. However, no studies have directly tested whether smiling synchrony influences social interaction enjoyment in autistic and neurotypical youth. We measured smiling synchrony in pairs of interacting autistic and neurotypical youth who were meeting each other for the first time. Some pairs were autistic youth interacting with other autistic youth (autistic with autistic participant pairs), some pairs were autistic youth interacting with neurotypical youth (autistic with neurotypical participant pairs), and other pairs were neurotypical youth interacting with neurotypical youth (neurotypical with neurotypical participant pairs). We found that autistic with neurotypical participant pairs had lower smiling synchrony than neurotypical with neurotypical participant pairs. Youth who were in dyads that had more smiling synchrony said they enjoyed interacting with their partner more and that they wanted to interact with their partner again. Our research shows that smiling synchrony is one part of interactions between autistic and neurotypical youth that influences how well youth say the interaction went. Identifying natural opportunities for autistic and neurotypical youth to share positive feelings could be one way to promote positive social interactions between autistic and neurotypical youth. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241238269 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Smiling synchronization predicts interaction enjoyment in peer dyads of autistic and neurotypical youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kathryn A. MCNAUGHTON, Auteur ; Alexandra MOSS, Auteur ; Heather A. YARGER, Auteur ; Elizabeth REDCAY, Auteur . - p.2754 - 2767. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2754 - 2767 Mots-clés : adolescents  autism spectrum disorders  behavioral measurement  school-aged children  social cognition and social behavior  social interaction  synchrony Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic youth often experience challenges in interactions with neurotypical peers. One factor that may influence successful interactions with peers is interpersonal synchrony, or the degree to which interacting individuals align their behaviors (e.g. facial expressions) over time. Autistic and neurotypical youth were paired together into three dyad types: autistic participants paired with autistic participants (AUT-AUT), autistic participants paired with neurotypical participants (AUT-NT), and neurotypical participants with neurotypical participants (NT-NT). Dyads participated in a free conversation task and a video-watching task. We tested whether smiling synchronization differed between AUT-AUT, AUT-NT, and NT-NT dyads. We further tested if smiling synchronization predicted youth-reported interaction enjoyment. AUT-NT dyads had significantly reduced smiling synchronization compared with NT-NT dyads. Smiling synchronization also predicted multiple aspects of participant-rated interaction enjoyment, such as the desire to interact with the peer partner again, above and beyond the overall amount of smiling in the interaction. These findings indicate links between smiling synchronization and interaction enjoyment for autistic and neurotypical youth. Identifying opportunities to synchronize or share positive affect in interactions may promote more enjoyable interactions for both autistic and neurotypical youth. Lay abstract For autistic and neurotypical youth, having positive social interactions with other youth is an important part of well-being. Other researchers have found that one factor that can make people feel like social interactions have gone well is synchronization. Synchronization happens when peoples' body movements and facial expressions align while they?re interacting. We focus on smiling synchronization here because other studies have found that when neurotypical individuals synchronize their smiles more in a social interaction, they say they enjoy that social interaction more. However, no studies have directly tested whether smiling synchrony influences social interaction enjoyment in autistic and neurotypical youth. We measured smiling synchrony in pairs of interacting autistic and neurotypical youth who were meeting each other for the first time. Some pairs were autistic youth interacting with other autistic youth (autistic with autistic participant pairs), some pairs were autistic youth interacting with neurotypical youth (autistic with neurotypical participant pairs), and other pairs were neurotypical youth interacting with neurotypical youth (neurotypical with neurotypical participant pairs). We found that autistic with neurotypical participant pairs had lower smiling synchrony than neurotypical with neurotypical participant pairs. Youth who were in dyads that had more smiling synchrony said they enjoyed interacting with their partner more and that they wanted to interact with their partner again. Our research shows that smiling synchrony is one part of interactions between autistic and neurotypical youth that influences how well youth say the interaction went. Identifying natural opportunities for autistic and neurotypical youth to share positive feelings could be one way to promote positive social interactions between autistic and neurotypical youth. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241238269 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Caregiver-centred empowerment for families raising autistic children: A qualitative case study from Argentina / Zsófia SZLAMKA in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2768 - 2778 Titre : Caregiver-centred empowerment for families raising autistic children: A qualitative case study from Argentina Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Zsófia SZLAMKA, Auteur ; Cukier SEBASTIÁN, Auteur ; Charlotte HANLON, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2768 - 2778 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : advocacy  Argentina  autism spectrum disorder  developmental disabilities  empowerment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and their caregivers in Argentina often lack access to information, resources and evidence-based interventions. Caregiver empowerment may help support families to uphold their child?s rights and access suitable education and support. This study aimed to examine the perceptions on empowerment of caregivers of autistic children in Argentina. This was a phenomenological, qualitative study. We conducted 32 semi-structured individual interviews remotely. Participants included caregivers, health service providers, non-governmental organisation representatives, special education teachers and policy representatives. Data were analysed thematically. We developed three main themes: Caregiver agency: from intuitive coping strategies to entrepreneurship; 'I had to cut down on therapy': Economic instability and inequality affecting service access; and Equipping caregivers to be empowered. Both caregivers and professionals talked about the contribution of socio-economic inequalities to caregivers' sense of disempowerment. Caregivers identified coping strategies and discussed their experiences with advocacy. They expressed that in-person and online support groups have an empowering effect. Based on participant views, strategies supporting caregiver empowerment may involve: interventions are co-designed by professionals and caregivers; focusing on caregiver mental health; and addressing the profound impact of poverty on the quality of life of families. Lay abstract Caregivers of children with developmental disabilities, including autism, often struggle to access services, information and resources in Argentina. Little is known about how caregivers can be empowered to support their children as they wish to in the Argentinian setting. We spoke with 32 people online to understand existing and potential practices of supporting caregivers. The people we spoke with included caregivers, health service providers, non-governmental organisations' representatives providing services or technical support, special education teachers and policy representatives. Participants said that poverty, and inequalities in accessing support, impact how caregivers can support their children. They mentioned examples that help caregivers feel empowered, such as peer support groups and caregiver training. Many caregivers spoke about how they became advocates for their children and how they developed initiatives such as advocacy campaigns and well-being support groups. Caregivers in Argentina may be empowered in various ways, and the following strategies can improve empowerment: strengthening collaboration between professionals and caregivers; focusing on caregiver mental health; and addressing the profound impact of poverty on the quality of life of families. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241238254 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Caregiver-centred empowerment for families raising autistic children: A qualitative case study from Argentina [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Zsófia SZLAMKA, Auteur ; Cukier SEBASTIÁN, Auteur ; Charlotte HANLON, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - p.2768 - 2778. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2768 - 2778 Mots-clés : advocacy  Argentina  autism spectrum disorder  developmental disabilities  empowerment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and their caregivers in Argentina often lack access to information, resources and evidence-based interventions. Caregiver empowerment may help support families to uphold their child?s rights and access suitable education and support. This study aimed to examine the perceptions on empowerment of caregivers of autistic children in Argentina. This was a phenomenological, qualitative study. We conducted 32 semi-structured individual interviews remotely. Participants included caregivers, health service providers, non-governmental organisation representatives, special education teachers and policy representatives. Data were analysed thematically. We developed three main themes: Caregiver agency: from intuitive coping strategies to entrepreneurship; 'I had to cut down on therapy': Economic instability and inequality affecting service access; and Equipping caregivers to be empowered. Both caregivers and professionals talked about the contribution of socio-economic inequalities to caregivers' sense of disempowerment. Caregivers identified coping strategies and discussed their experiences with advocacy. They expressed that in-person and online support groups have an empowering effect. Based on participant views, strategies supporting caregiver empowerment may involve: interventions are co-designed by professionals and caregivers; focusing on caregiver mental health; and addressing the profound impact of poverty on the quality of life of families. Lay abstract Caregivers of children with developmental disabilities, including autism, often struggle to access services, information and resources in Argentina. Little is known about how caregivers can be empowered to support their children as they wish to in the Argentinian setting. We spoke with 32 people online to understand existing and potential practices of supporting caregivers. The people we spoke with included caregivers, health service providers, non-governmental organisations' representatives providing services or technical support, special education teachers and policy representatives. Participants said that poverty, and inequalities in accessing support, impact how caregivers can support their children. They mentioned examples that help caregivers feel empowered, such as peer support groups and caregiver training. Many caregivers spoke about how they became advocates for their children and how they developed initiatives such as advocacy campaigns and well-being support groups. Caregivers in Argentina may be empowered in various ways, and the following strategies can improve empowerment: strengthening collaboration between professionals and caregivers; focusing on caregiver mental health; and addressing the profound impact of poverty on the quality of life of families. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241238254 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Where do autistic people work? The distribution and predictors of occupational sectors of autistic and general population employees / Yael GOLDFARB in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2779 - 2792 Titre : Where do autistic people work? The distribution and predictors of occupational sectors of autistic and general population employees Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yael GOLDFARB, Auteur ; Franziska ASSION, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2779 - 2792 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  autistic adults  employment  occupational sectors  vocational/labor force participation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research on employment outcomes of autistic adults mainly assessed if they work and under what terms, with mostly anecdotal descriptions of where they work. This study aimed to identify the employment sector distribution of autistic employees compared to the general workforce in the Netherlands and to explore possible background predictors. Participants were 1115 employed autistic adults (476 male; 627 female; 12 other; mean age: 40.75) who completed a cross-sectional survey assessing employment sector, gender, age, age at diagnosis, educational level, degree of autistic traits, and presence of focused interests. Dutch workforce data were retrieved from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Results indicated significant differences in sector distribution across the two populations. Autistic adults were over-represented in the sectors healthcare & welfare, information technology, and public - army - charity, which were the three most-common sectors for this group. In economics & finances, and industry & construction, higher proportions were found in the general workforce. Most autistic employees in the healthcare & welfare sector were females while having a higher educational degree and being male predicted placement in information technology. The broad distribution of autistic employees beyond the information technology sector was notable, supporting the need for an individual approach to employment integration. Lay Abstract Studies on employment of autistic individuals mainly assessed if they work and what their working conditions are (e.g. weekly hours, salary) while less is known about where they work. We explore this issue in our study, by examining which employment sectors do autistic adults work in, and comparing them to the general workforce in the Netherlands. We also explored the possibility that gender, age, age at diagnosis, level of education, degree of autistic traits and presence of focused interests could lead to a higher likelihood of working in specific sectors. We assessed data from a survey filled in by 1115 employed autistic adults (476 male; 627 female; 12 other; mean age: 40.75). Dutch workforce information was based on data form the Central Bureau of Statistics. Results showed that a higher proportion of autistic employees worked in healthcare & welfare, information technology, and the public - army - charity sectors. These were the three most-common sectors for this group. A lower proportion of autistic employees worked in economics & finances, and industry & construction, compared to the general workforce. Most autistic employees in the healthcare & welfare sector were females while having a higher educational degree and being male increased the chance of working in information technology. In addition to the common impression that most autistic individuals have interests or abilities that align with employment in information technology and technology sectors, we found that autistic employees worked in various sectors. It is important to address individual characteristics and needs of autistic individuals, while encouraging diverse employment opportunities. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241239388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Where do autistic people work? The distribution and predictors of occupational sectors of autistic and general population employees [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yael GOLDFARB, Auteur ; Franziska ASSION, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur . - p.2779 - 2792. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2779 - 2792 Mots-clés : adults  autism  autistic adults  employment  occupational sectors  vocational/labor force participation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research on employment outcomes of autistic adults mainly assessed if they work and under what terms, with mostly anecdotal descriptions of where they work. This study aimed to identify the employment sector distribution of autistic employees compared to the general workforce in the Netherlands and to explore possible background predictors. Participants were 1115 employed autistic adults (476 male; 627 female; 12 other; mean age: 40.75) who completed a cross-sectional survey assessing employment sector, gender, age, age at diagnosis, educational level, degree of autistic traits, and presence of focused interests. Dutch workforce data were retrieved from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Results indicated significant differences in sector distribution across the two populations. Autistic adults were over-represented in the sectors healthcare & welfare, information technology, and public - army - charity, which were the three most-common sectors for this group. In economics & finances, and industry & construction, higher proportions were found in the general workforce. Most autistic employees in the healthcare & welfare sector were females while having a higher educational degree and being male predicted placement in information technology. The broad distribution of autistic employees beyond the information technology sector was notable, supporting the need for an individual approach to employment integration. Lay Abstract Studies on employment of autistic individuals mainly assessed if they work and what their working conditions are (e.g. weekly hours, salary) while less is known about where they work. We explore this issue in our study, by examining which employment sectors do autistic adults work in, and comparing them to the general workforce in the Netherlands. We also explored the possibility that gender, age, age at diagnosis, level of education, degree of autistic traits and presence of focused interests could lead to a higher likelihood of working in specific sectors. We assessed data from a survey filled in by 1115 employed autistic adults (476 male; 627 female; 12 other; mean age: 40.75). Dutch workforce information was based on data form the Central Bureau of Statistics. Results showed that a higher proportion of autistic employees worked in healthcare & welfare, information technology, and the public - army - charity sectors. These were the three most-common sectors for this group. A lower proportion of autistic employees worked in economics & finances, and industry & construction, compared to the general workforce. Most autistic employees in the healthcare & welfare sector were females while having a higher educational degree and being male increased the chance of working in information technology. In addition to the common impression that most autistic individuals have interests or abilities that align with employment in information technology and technology sectors, we found that autistic employees worked in various sectors. It is important to address individual characteristics and needs of autistic individuals, while encouraging diverse employment opportunities. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241239388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Measuring depression and anxiety in autistic college students: A psychometric evaluation of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 / Mackenzie ROBESON in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2793 - 2805 Titre : Measuring depression and anxiety in autistic college students: A psychometric evaluation of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mackenzie ROBESON, Auteur ; Kyle M. BRASIL, Auteur ; Haley C. ADAMS, Auteur ; Kimberly R. ZLOMKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2793 - 2805 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  college students  depression  psychometrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety, depression, and suicidality are major concerns among college students, though less is known about these constructs in autistic college students. Given the rising number of autistic individuals entering post-secondary education, adequate measurement and diagnosis of anxiety, depression, and suicidality is necessary to provide clinical care to this population. While the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) are commonly used in university settings, these instruments have not been psychometrically evaluated in autistic college students. The current study examines the differential psychometric properties of the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 utilizing invariance testing via structural equation modeling in a sample of self-identified autistic (n = 477) and non-autistic (n = 429) university students. Results showed that although the GAD-7 is invariant, the PHQ-9 was mostly invariant, with one item displaying non-invariance. Specifically, the PHQ-9 item assessing suicidality was found to be non-invariant at the metric level, indicating that autistic and non-autistic college students interpret this question differently. Future investigators should continue to assess the appropriateness of using common screening measures, originally created for non-autistic people, in autistic populations. Lay abstract Anxiety, depression, and suicidality are major concerns among college students, though less is known about these constructs in autistic college students. Given the rising number of autistic individuals entering college, adequate screening and diagnosis of mental health difficulties is necessary to provide care to this population. For example, despite widespread usage of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), it is unknown if the two instruments accurately measure depression and anxiety the same way between non-autistic and autistic individuals. Thus, the current study was the first to examine how these instruments measure depression and anxiety symptoms in autistic versus non-autistic college students. Utilizing tests of construct measurement in a sample of autistic (n = 477) and non-autistic (n = 429) university students aged 18 - 29, results showed that while the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 appear to be accurately capturing anxiety and depression in autistic college students, the PHQ-9 item assessing suicidality was found to be measuring different things. This indicates that autistic college students are not interpreting this question the way non-autistic students are, and thus, the measure is failing to capture suicidality in autistic people. Future investigators should continue to assess the appropriateness of using common screening measures, originally created by non-autistic people, in autistic populations. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241240183 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Measuring depression and anxiety in autistic college students: A psychometric evaluation of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mackenzie ROBESON, Auteur ; Kyle M. BRASIL, Auteur ; Haley C. ADAMS, Auteur ; Kimberly R. ZLOMKE, Auteur . - p.2793 - 2805. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2793 - 2805 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  college students  depression  psychometrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety, depression, and suicidality are major concerns among college students, though less is known about these constructs in autistic college students. Given the rising number of autistic individuals entering post-secondary education, adequate measurement and diagnosis of anxiety, depression, and suicidality is necessary to provide clinical care to this population. While the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) are commonly used in university settings, these instruments have not been psychometrically evaluated in autistic college students. The current study examines the differential psychometric properties of the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 utilizing invariance testing via structural equation modeling in a sample of self-identified autistic (n = 477) and non-autistic (n = 429) university students. Results showed that although the GAD-7 is invariant, the PHQ-9 was mostly invariant, with one item displaying non-invariance. Specifically, the PHQ-9 item assessing suicidality was found to be non-invariant at the metric level, indicating that autistic and non-autistic college students interpret this question differently. Future investigators should continue to assess the appropriateness of using common screening measures, originally created for non-autistic people, in autistic populations. Lay abstract Anxiety, depression, and suicidality are major concerns among college students, though less is known about these constructs in autistic college students. Given the rising number of autistic individuals entering college, adequate screening and diagnosis of mental health difficulties is necessary to provide care to this population. For example, despite widespread usage of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), it is unknown if the two instruments accurately measure depression and anxiety the same way between non-autistic and autistic individuals. Thus, the current study was the first to examine how these instruments measure depression and anxiety symptoms in autistic versus non-autistic college students. Utilizing tests of construct measurement in a sample of autistic (n = 477) and non-autistic (n = 429) university students aged 18 - 29, results showed that while the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 appear to be accurately capturing anxiety and depression in autistic college students, the PHQ-9 item assessing suicidality was found to be measuring different things. This indicates that autistic college students are not interpreting this question the way non-autistic students are, and thus, the measure is failing to capture suicidality in autistic people. Future investigators should continue to assess the appropriateness of using common screening measures, originally created by non-autistic people, in autistic populations. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241240183 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Gender, assigned sex at birth, and gender diversity: Windows into diagnostic timing disparities in autism / Goldie A. MCQUAID in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2806 - 2820 Titre : Gender, assigned sex at birth, and gender diversity: Windows into diagnostic timing disparities in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Allison B. RATTO, Auteur ; Allison JACK, Auteur ; Alexis KHUU, Auteur ; Jessica V. SMITH, Auteur ; Sean C. DUANE, Auteur ; Ann CLAWSON, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Alyssa VERBALIS, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2806 - 2820 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : age at diagnosis  autism  diagnosis  gender  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Later autism diagnosis is associated with increased mental health risks. Understanding disparities in diagnostic timing is important to reduce psychiatric burden for autistic people. One characteristic associated with later autism diagnosis is female sex assigned at birth. However, literature to date does not characterize, differentiate, or account for gender identity beyond assigned sex at birth. Gender diversity may be more common in autistic relative to neurotypical people, and autism is proportionally overrepresented in gender-diverse populations. We examined age at autism diagnosis by assigned sex at birth, gender identity, and gender diversity (gender-diverse vs cisgender) status, separately. Three independent cohorts representing different ascertainments were examined: a research-recruited academic medical center sample (N = 193; 8.0 - 18.0?years); a clinic-based sample (N = 1550; 1.3 - 25.4?years); and a community-enriched sample (N = 244, 18.2 - 30.0?years). The clinic-based and community-enriched samples revealed disparities in diagnostic timing: people assigned female at birth, people of female gender, and gender-diverse people were diagnosed with autism significantly later than persons assigned male at birth, persons of male gender, and cisgender persons, respectively. Birth-sex, gender identity, and gender diversity may each uniquely relate to disparities in autism diagnostic timing. The influence of ascertainment strategies, particularly in studies examining assigned sex at birth or gender identity, should be considered. Lay Abstract Later autism diagnosis is associated with risk for mental health problems. Understanding factors related to later autism diagnosis may help reduce mental health risks for autistic people. One characteristic associated with later autism diagnosis is female sex. However, studies often do not distinguish sex assigned at birth and gender identity. Gender diversity may be more common in autistic relative to neurotypical people, and autism is more common in gender-diverse populations. We studied age at autism diagnosis by sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and gender diversity (gender-diverse vs cisgender) status, separately. We studied three separate autistic samples, each of which differed in how they were diagnosed and how they were recruited. The samples included 193 persons (8.0 - 18.0?years) from a research-recruited academic medical center sample; 1,550 people (1.3 - 25.4?years) from a clinic-based sample; and 244 people (18.2 - 30.0?years) from a community-enriched sample. We found significant differences in the clinic-based and community-enriched samples. People assigned female sex at birth were diagnosed with autism significantly later than people assigned male at birth. People of female gender were diagnosed significantly later than people of male gender. Gender-diverse people were diagnosed significantly later than cisgender people. Sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and gender diversity may each show unique relationships with age of autism diagnosis. Differences in how autistic people are diagnosed and recruited are important to consider in studies that examine sex assigned at birth or gender identity. More research into autism diagnosis in adulthood is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241243117 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Gender, assigned sex at birth, and gender diversity: Windows into diagnostic timing disparities in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Allison B. RATTO, Auteur ; Allison JACK, Auteur ; Alexis KHUU, Auteur ; Jessica V. SMITH, Auteur ; Sean C. DUANE, Auteur ; Ann CLAWSON, Auteur ; Nancy Raitano LEE, Auteur ; Alyssa VERBALIS, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur . - p.2806 - 2820. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2806 - 2820 Mots-clés : age at diagnosis  autism  diagnosis  gender  sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Later autism diagnosis is associated with increased mental health risks. Understanding disparities in diagnostic timing is important to reduce psychiatric burden for autistic people. One characteristic associated with later autism diagnosis is female sex assigned at birth. However, literature to date does not characterize, differentiate, or account for gender identity beyond assigned sex at birth. Gender diversity may be more common in autistic relative to neurotypical people, and autism is proportionally overrepresented in gender-diverse populations. We examined age at autism diagnosis by assigned sex at birth, gender identity, and gender diversity (gender-diverse vs cisgender) status, separately. Three independent cohorts representing different ascertainments were examined: a research-recruited academic medical center sample (N = 193; 8.0 - 18.0?years); a clinic-based sample (N = 1550; 1.3 - 25.4?years); and a community-enriched sample (N = 244, 18.2 - 30.0?years). The clinic-based and community-enriched samples revealed disparities in diagnostic timing: people assigned female at birth, people of female gender, and gender-diverse people were diagnosed with autism significantly later than persons assigned male at birth, persons of male gender, and cisgender persons, respectively. Birth-sex, gender identity, and gender diversity may each uniquely relate to disparities in autism diagnostic timing. The influence of ascertainment strategies, particularly in studies examining assigned sex at birth or gender identity, should be considered. Lay Abstract Later autism diagnosis is associated with risk for mental health problems. Understanding factors related to later autism diagnosis may help reduce mental health risks for autistic people. One characteristic associated with later autism diagnosis is female sex. However, studies often do not distinguish sex assigned at birth and gender identity. Gender diversity may be more common in autistic relative to neurotypical people, and autism is more common in gender-diverse populations. We studied age at autism diagnosis by sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and gender diversity (gender-diverse vs cisgender) status, separately. We studied three separate autistic samples, each of which differed in how they were diagnosed and how they were recruited. The samples included 193 persons (8.0 - 18.0?years) from a research-recruited academic medical center sample; 1,550 people (1.3 - 25.4?years) from a clinic-based sample; and 244 people (18.2 - 30.0?years) from a community-enriched sample. We found significant differences in the clinic-based and community-enriched samples. People assigned female sex at birth were diagnosed with autism significantly later than people assigned male at birth. People of female gender were diagnosed significantly later than people of male gender. Gender-diverse people were diagnosed significantly later than cisgender people. Sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and gender diversity may each show unique relationships with age of autism diagnosis. Differences in how autistic people are diagnosed and recruited are important to consider in studies that examine sex assigned at birth or gender identity. More research into autism diagnosis in adulthood is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241243117 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

The Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire: Development and Initial Validation / Rachel K. SCHUCK in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2821 - 2833 Titre : The Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire: Development and Initial Validation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel K. SCHUCK, Auteur ; Sunghee CHOI, Auteur ; Kaitlynn MP BAIDEN, Auteur ; Patrick DWYER, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVI?, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2821 - 2833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attitudes  helping professionals  instrument development  neurodiversity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neurodiversity refers to the idea that all brains-no matter their differences-are valuable and should be accepted. Attitudes toward the neurodiversity perspective can have real-life impacts on the lives of neurodivergent people, from effects on daily interactions to how professionals deliver services for neurodivergent individuals. In order to identify negative attitudes toward neurodiversity and potentially intervene to improve them, we first need to measure these attitudes. This article describes the development and initial validation of the Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire (NDAQ), including item revision based on expert review, cognitive interviews, systematic evaluation of participants' response process, and analysis of the instrument?s internal factor structure using exploratory structural equation modeling. Pilot analysis with 351 individuals mostly living in the United States who were currently working in or intending to pursue helping professions indicates that the NDAQ has construct validity, is well understood by participants, and fits a five-factor structure. While the NDAQ represents the first instrument designed to specifically assess attitudes toward the neurodiversity perspective, further validation work is still needed. Lay Abstract Neurodiversity refers to the idea that brain differences (including disabilities) are valuable and should be accepted. Attitudes toward neurodiversity can have real-life impacts on the lives of neurodivergent people (those whose brains do not fit society?s "standard"). These impacts can include effects on daily interactions, as well as how professionals such as teachers and doctors deliver services to neurodivergent people. In order to identify negative attitudes toward neurodiversity and potentially improve them, we first need to measure these attitudes. This article describes the development of the Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire (NDAQ). NDAQ development included revision of questionnaire items based on feedback from experts and neurodivergent people, systematically evaluating the way participants responded to questionnaire items, and analysis of how the NDAQ items are grouped into different factors. A preliminary analysis with 351 individuals mostly living in the United States who were currently working or planning to work in a helping profession (e.g. doctors, teachers, therapists, and so on) indicates that the NDAQ measures attitudes toward neurodiversity, is well understood by participants, and fits a five-factor structure. While the NDAQ represents the first instrument designed to specifically assess attitudes toward the broad idea of neurodiversity, further work is still needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241245756 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] The Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire: Development and Initial Validation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel K. SCHUCK, Auteur ; Sunghee CHOI, Auteur ; Kaitlynn MP BAIDEN, Auteur ; Patrick DWYER, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVI?, Auteur . - p.2821 - 2833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2821 - 2833 Mots-clés : attitudes  helping professionals  instrument development  neurodiversity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neurodiversity refers to the idea that all brains-no matter their differences-are valuable and should be accepted. Attitudes toward the neurodiversity perspective can have real-life impacts on the lives of neurodivergent people, from effects on daily interactions to how professionals deliver services for neurodivergent individuals. In order to identify negative attitudes toward neurodiversity and potentially intervene to improve them, we first need to measure these attitudes. This article describes the development and initial validation of the Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire (NDAQ), including item revision based on expert review, cognitive interviews, systematic evaluation of participants' response process, and analysis of the instrument?s internal factor structure using exploratory structural equation modeling. Pilot analysis with 351 individuals mostly living in the United States who were currently working in or intending to pursue helping professions indicates that the NDAQ has construct validity, is well understood by participants, and fits a five-factor structure. While the NDAQ represents the first instrument designed to specifically assess attitudes toward the neurodiversity perspective, further validation work is still needed. Lay Abstract Neurodiversity refers to the idea that brain differences (including disabilities) are valuable and should be accepted. Attitudes toward neurodiversity can have real-life impacts on the lives of neurodivergent people (those whose brains do not fit society?s "standard"). These impacts can include effects on daily interactions, as well as how professionals such as teachers and doctors deliver services to neurodivergent people. In order to identify negative attitudes toward neurodiversity and potentially improve them, we first need to measure these attitudes. This article describes the development of the Neurodiversity Attitudes Questionnaire (NDAQ). NDAQ development included revision of questionnaire items based on feedback from experts and neurodivergent people, systematically evaluating the way participants responded to questionnaire items, and analysis of how the NDAQ items are grouped into different factors. A preliminary analysis with 351 individuals mostly living in the United States who were currently working or planning to work in a helping profession (e.g. doctors, teachers, therapists, and so on) indicates that the NDAQ measures attitudes toward neurodiversity, is well understood by participants, and fits a five-factor structure. While the NDAQ represents the first instrument designed to specifically assess attitudes toward the broad idea of neurodiversity, further work is still needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241245756 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Probing heterogeneity to identify individualized treatment approaches in autism: Specific clusters of executive function challenges link to distinct co-occurring mental health problems / Cara E. PUGLIESE in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2834 - 2847 Titre : Probing heterogeneity to identify individualized treatment approaches in autism: Specific clusters of executive function challenges link to distinct co-occurring mental health problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cara E. PUGLIESE, Auteur ; Rebecca HANDSMAN, Auteur ; Xiaozhen YOU, Auteur ; Laura Gutermuth ANTHONY, Auteur ; Chandan VAIDYA, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2834 - 2847 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  depression  executive function  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, aggression, and inattention are common in autistic youth and are challenging to treat by community providers. We aim to parse the heterogeneity of autism based on dimensions of executive function and determine whether specific executive function profiles are differentially related to psychiatric symptoms. Parents of 397 well-characterized 8 - 14-year-old autistic children without an intellectual disability reported on their child?s executive function skills and psychiatric symptoms. We applied a data-driven, graph theory-based, community-detection approach to a common executive function measure, revealing three distinct executive function profile subgroups. Despite having similar social challenges, the executive function subgroups differed on anxiety, aggression, affect, and inattention symptoms. Results support the need for more intensive subtyping with autistic youth to develop appropriate, individualized mental health treatments and supports. Characterizing youth through neurocognitive strengths and challenges can guide the development of precision medicine, allowing for more meaningful, specialized treatment. Lay Abstract Many autistic people struggle with mental health problems like anxiety, depression, inattention, and aggression, which can be challenging to treat. Executive function challenges, which impact many autistic individuals, may serve as a risk factor for mental health problems or make treating mental health conditions more difficult. While some people respond well to medication or therapy, others do not. This study tried to understand if there are different subgroups of autistic young people who may have similar patterns of executive function strengths and challenges-like flexibility, planning, self-monitoring, and emotion regulation. Then, we investigated whether executive function subgroups were related to mental health problems in autistic youth. We found three different types of executive function subgroups in autistic youth, each with different patterns of mental health problems. This helps us identify specific profiles of executive function strengths and challenges that may be helpful with identifying personalized supports, services, and treatment strategies for mental health conditions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241246091 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Probing heterogeneity to identify individualized treatment approaches in autism: Specific clusters of executive function challenges link to distinct co-occurring mental health problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cara E. PUGLIESE, Auteur ; Rebecca HANDSMAN, Auteur ; Xiaozhen YOU, Auteur ; Laura Gutermuth ANTHONY, Auteur ; Chandan VAIDYA, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur . - p.2834 - 2847. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2834 - 2847 Mots-clés : anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  depression  executive function  psychiatric comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, aggression, and inattention are common in autistic youth and are challenging to treat by community providers. We aim to parse the heterogeneity of autism based on dimensions of executive function and determine whether specific executive function profiles are differentially related to psychiatric symptoms. Parents of 397 well-characterized 8 - 14-year-old autistic children without an intellectual disability reported on their child?s executive function skills and psychiatric symptoms. We applied a data-driven, graph theory-based, community-detection approach to a common executive function measure, revealing three distinct executive function profile subgroups. Despite having similar social challenges, the executive function subgroups differed on anxiety, aggression, affect, and inattention symptoms. Results support the need for more intensive subtyping with autistic youth to develop appropriate, individualized mental health treatments and supports. Characterizing youth through neurocognitive strengths and challenges can guide the development of precision medicine, allowing for more meaningful, specialized treatment. Lay Abstract Many autistic people struggle with mental health problems like anxiety, depression, inattention, and aggression, which can be challenging to treat. Executive function challenges, which impact many autistic individuals, may serve as a risk factor for mental health problems or make treating mental health conditions more difficult. While some people respond well to medication or therapy, others do not. This study tried to understand if there are different subgroups of autistic young people who may have similar patterns of executive function strengths and challenges-like flexibility, planning, self-monitoring, and emotion regulation. Then, we investigated whether executive function subgroups were related to mental health problems in autistic youth. We found three different types of executive function subgroups in autistic youth, each with different patterns of mental health problems. This helps us identify specific profiles of executive function strengths and challenges that may be helpful with identifying personalized supports, services, and treatment strategies for mental health conditions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241246091 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Self-perceived bullying victimization in pre-adolescents on the autism spectrum: EPINED study / Paula MORALES-HIDALGO in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2848 - 2857 Titre : Self-perceived bullying victimization in pre-adolescents on the autism spectrum: EPINED study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paula MORALES-HIDALGO, Auteur ; Núria VOLTAS, Auteur ; Josefa CANALS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2848 - 2857 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  bullying  school-age children  self-reported  subthreshold autistic traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals are at increased risk of experiencing various forms of victimization during their lifespan. This study analyses the self-reported prevalence of bullying victimization in autistic pre-adolescents and those with subthreshold autistic traits in comparison with peers without neurodevelopmental conditions. The sample was comprised of 323 participants (11 and 12?years old; 45 with autism or subthreshold autistic traits) from Spanish general education schools. The assessment protocol included psychopathological (autism characteristics and co-occurrent problems), cognitive and academic characteristics. Bullying victimization was self-reported by the pre-adolescents themselves using the Bullying and School Violence Questionnaire (Acoso y violencia escolar). Autistic participants (57.9%) and those with subthreshold autistic traits (26.9%) showed a higher rate of bullying victimization in comparison with their peers (18.3%). Bullying rates were more frequent and severe and were characterized by intimidation and social exclusion behaviours. These problems were associated with greater intensity of restrictive and repetitive behaviours and with more co-occurring behavioural and emotional problems. We did not find any association with other individual or family factors. Our data reveal the greater risk of bullying behaviours among autistic young people and those with subthreshold autistic traits, which implies the need for detection and establishment of protocols to prevent consequences for their mental health and quality of life. Lay abstract Autistic individuals face a higher risk of various forms of victimization throughout their lives, with bullying being especially prevalent during their school years. Previous studies indicate that autistic children are 2.4 times more likely to be bullied than their typically developing peers and twice as vulnerable as those with other disabilities. However, the extent of this issue among Spanish schoolchildren with autism remains unexplored. In addition, there is no information regarding the presence of bullying victimization in children with marked but undiagnosed autistic traits (i.e. subthreshold autistic traits). This study examines the self-reported prevalence of bullying victimization in autistic pre-adolescents and those with subthreshold autistic traits, comparing them with peers without neurodevelopmental conditions. The study involved 323 participants (11 and 12?years old; 45 with autism or subthreshold autistic traits) from Spanish general education schools. The results revealed a higher rate of bullying victimization among autistic participants (58%; 3.1 times higher risk) and those with subthreshold autistic traits (27%; 1.5 times higher risk) compared with their peers without neurodevelopmental conditions (18.3%). Victimization was linked to more intense restrictive behaviours and increased behavioural and emotional problems. No significant associations were found with other individual or family factors. Our findings underscore the heightened risk of bullying faced by autistic pre-adolescents and those with subthreshold autistic traits at school, emphasizing the need to identify and implement preventive measures to mitigate bullying and its detrimental impact on their mental well-being and overall quality of life. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241244875 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Self-perceived bullying victimization in pre-adolescents on the autism spectrum: EPINED study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paula MORALES-HIDALGO, Auteur ; Núria VOLTAS, Auteur ; Josefa CANALS, Auteur . - p.2848 - 2857. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2848 - 2857 Mots-clés : autism  bullying  school-age children  self-reported  subthreshold autistic traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals are at increased risk of experiencing various forms of victimization during their lifespan. This study analyses the self-reported prevalence of bullying victimization in autistic pre-adolescents and those with subthreshold autistic traits in comparison with peers without neurodevelopmental conditions. The sample was comprised of 323 participants (11 and 12?years old; 45 with autism or subthreshold autistic traits) from Spanish general education schools. The assessment protocol included psychopathological (autism characteristics and co-occurrent problems), cognitive and academic characteristics. Bullying victimization was self-reported by the pre-adolescents themselves using the Bullying and School Violence Questionnaire (Acoso y violencia escolar). Autistic participants (57.9%) and those with subthreshold autistic traits (26.9%) showed a higher rate of bullying victimization in comparison with their peers (18.3%). Bullying rates were more frequent and severe and were characterized by intimidation and social exclusion behaviours. These problems were associated with greater intensity of restrictive and repetitive behaviours and with more co-occurring behavioural and emotional problems. We did not find any association with other individual or family factors. Our data reveal the greater risk of bullying behaviours among autistic young people and those with subthreshold autistic traits, which implies the need for detection and establishment of protocols to prevent consequences for their mental health and quality of life. Lay abstract Autistic individuals face a higher risk of various forms of victimization throughout their lives, with bullying being especially prevalent during their school years. Previous studies indicate that autistic children are 2.4 times more likely to be bullied than their typically developing peers and twice as vulnerable as those with other disabilities. However, the extent of this issue among Spanish schoolchildren with autism remains unexplored. In addition, there is no information regarding the presence of bullying victimization in children with marked but undiagnosed autistic traits (i.e. subthreshold autistic traits). This study examines the self-reported prevalence of bullying victimization in autistic pre-adolescents and those with subthreshold autistic traits, comparing them with peers without neurodevelopmental conditions. The study involved 323 participants (11 and 12?years old; 45 with autism or subthreshold autistic traits) from Spanish general education schools. The results revealed a higher rate of bullying victimization among autistic participants (58%; 3.1 times higher risk) and those with subthreshold autistic traits (27%; 1.5 times higher risk) compared with their peers without neurodevelopmental conditions (18.3%). Victimization was linked to more intense restrictive behaviours and increased behavioural and emotional problems. No significant associations were found with other individual or family factors. Our findings underscore the heightened risk of bullying faced by autistic pre-adolescents and those with subthreshold autistic traits at school, emphasizing the need to identify and implement preventive measures to mitigate bullying and its detrimental impact on their mental well-being and overall quality of life. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241244875 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Camouflaging, not sensory processing or autistic identity, predicts eating disorder symptoms in autistic adults / Siofra BRADLEY in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2858 - 2868 Titre : Camouflaging, not sensory processing or autistic identity, predicts eating disorder symptoms in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Siofra BRADLEY, Auteur ; Fhionna MOORE, Auteur ; Fiona DUFFY, Auteur ; Lili CLARK, Auteur ; Tasha SURATWALA, Auteur ; Pooky KNIGHTSMITH, Auteur ; Karri GILLESPIE-SMITH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2858 - 2868 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Autistic identity  camouflaging  eating disorders  sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The objective of this study was to explore the role that Autistic identity, sensory processing and camouflaging behaviours have on eating disorder symptomology in Autistic adults. Previous research has focused on cognitive and sensory factors to explain the association between autism and eating disorders, but the roles of social identity and camouflaging are yet to be explored. Autistic participants (N = 180) were recruited from NHS settings and community groups. The participants completed online questionnaires measuring autistic identity, camouflaging behaviours, sensory processing, autistic traits and eating disorder symptoms. Multiple regression revealed that camouflaging significantly predicted eating disorder symptoms. Although sensory processing was related, it did not significantly predict eating disorder symptom severity. In addition, there was no significant relationship between autistic identity and eating disorder symptom severity. This study highlights the impact that camouflaging behaviours and sensory processing can have on eating disorder symptomatology in autism and may indicate important considerations for the treatment of eating disorders in Autistic people. Lay Abstract This study aimed to explore the impact of Autistic identity (i.e. feeling like you belong to the Autistic community), sensory profiles (e.g. being over or under responsive to sensations) and camouflaging behaviours (i.e. masking) on eating disorder symptoms in Autistic adults. 180 Autistic people were recruited from the community and NHS. The Autistic people completed online questionnaires measuring Autistic identity, sensory profiles, camouflaging behaviours, autistic traits and eating disorder symptoms. The analysis showed that higher levels of camouflaging behaviour predicted higher levels of eating disorder symptoms. Sensory profiles were related to but did not predict eating disorder symptoms and there was no relationship between level of Autistic identity and eating disorder symptoms. This shows that camouflaging is the most important predictor of eating disorder symptoms in Autistic people, and warrants further exploration. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241245749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Camouflaging, not sensory processing or autistic identity, predicts eating disorder symptoms in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Siofra BRADLEY, Auteur ; Fhionna MOORE, Auteur ; Fiona DUFFY, Auteur ; Lili CLARK, Auteur ; Tasha SURATWALA, Auteur ; Pooky KNIGHTSMITH, Auteur ; Karri GILLESPIE-SMITH, Auteur . - p.2858 - 2868. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2858 - 2868 Mots-clés : autism  Autistic identity  camouflaging  eating disorders  sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The objective of this study was to explore the role that Autistic identity, sensory processing and camouflaging behaviours have on eating disorder symptomology in Autistic adults. Previous research has focused on cognitive and sensory factors to explain the association between autism and eating disorders, but the roles of social identity and camouflaging are yet to be explored. Autistic participants (N = 180) were recruited from NHS settings and community groups. The participants completed online questionnaires measuring autistic identity, camouflaging behaviours, sensory processing, autistic traits and eating disorder symptoms. Multiple regression revealed that camouflaging significantly predicted eating disorder symptoms. Although sensory processing was related, it did not significantly predict eating disorder symptom severity. In addition, there was no significant relationship between autistic identity and eating disorder symptom severity. This study highlights the impact that camouflaging behaviours and sensory processing can have on eating disorder symptomatology in autism and may indicate important considerations for the treatment of eating disorders in Autistic people. Lay Abstract This study aimed to explore the impact of Autistic identity (i.e. feeling like you belong to the Autistic community), sensory profiles (e.g. being over or under responsive to sensations) and camouflaging behaviours (i.e. masking) on eating disorder symptoms in Autistic adults. 180 Autistic people were recruited from the community and NHS. The Autistic people completed online questionnaires measuring Autistic identity, sensory profiles, camouflaging behaviours, autistic traits and eating disorder symptoms. The analysis showed that higher levels of camouflaging behaviour predicted higher levels of eating disorder symptoms. Sensory profiles were related to but did not predict eating disorder symptoms and there was no relationship between level of Autistic identity and eating disorder symptoms. This shows that camouflaging is the most important predictor of eating disorder symptoms in Autistic people, and warrants further exploration. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241245749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Using a visual support package to facilitate independent leisure engagement and choice-making for individuals with moderate to severe autism in Taiwan / Ge SHAN in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2869 - 2880 Titre : Using a visual support package to facilitate independent leisure engagement and choice-making for individuals with moderate to severe autism in Taiwan Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ge SHAN, Auteur ; Hui-Ting WANG, Auteur ; Chen-Ya JUAN, Auteur ; Chien-Huey CHANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2869 - 2880 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  preference assessment  single-case research  video modeling  visual activity schedule Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Self-determination is a complex process with several components, such as making choices and independence. However, limited research on self-determination has focused on individuals with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to support independent leisure engagement and choice-making of leisure activities for this population by using a visual support intervention package, including the use of a visual activity schedule, video modeling, structured environment, preference assessment, and prompt procedures. The study used a single case research multiple baseline probe design to test the effectiveness of the intervention on three adults with autism spectrum disorder. Findings showed that implementing the visual support package was effective in promoting independent leisure engagement and facilitating choice-making of leisure activities. The study highlights the need for and advantages of incorporating video modeling and preference assessment into the visual activity schedule for this particular population. Lay Abstract Self-determination encompasses various components, including decision-making and independence, making it a complex process. While the importance of self-determination for individuals with autism spectrum disorder has been explored in previous studies, there is limited research focusing on individuals with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder. Evidence-based practices such as visual activity schedules and video modeling have shown effectiveness in promoting independence among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. To address the need for independence and choice-making among individuals with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder, this study developed a visual support package incorporating visual activity schedules, video modeling, preference assessments, and prompt procedures. By investigating the intervention?s effectiveness in three participants, this study contributes to the existing literature on the use of a visual activity schedule and video modeling in enhancing choice-making and independent leisure engagement. Following the intervention, all participants were able to select three leisure activities, develop their own visual schedules, and complete them. Notably, this study conducted preference assessments to determine participants' preferred leisure activities and did not provide additional reinforcement. Practical implications of this research include incorporating video prompting as needed and adjusting activity engagement time. Future research should explore the long-term effectiveness of the visual support package and its application in developing novel skills or vocational activities for individuals with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder. This study fills a critical gap in the literature, providing important insights for practices and research in the field of autism spectrum disorder interventions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241245596 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Using a visual support package to facilitate independent leisure engagement and choice-making for individuals with moderate to severe autism in Taiwan [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ge SHAN, Auteur ; Hui-Ting WANG, Auteur ; Chen-Ya JUAN, Auteur ; Chien-Huey CHANG, Auteur . - p.2869 - 2880. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2869 - 2880 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  preference assessment  single-case research  video modeling  visual activity schedule Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Self-determination is a complex process with several components, such as making choices and independence. However, limited research on self-determination has focused on individuals with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to support independent leisure engagement and choice-making of leisure activities for this population by using a visual support intervention package, including the use of a visual activity schedule, video modeling, structured environment, preference assessment, and prompt procedures. The study used a single case research multiple baseline probe design to test the effectiveness of the intervention on three adults with autism spectrum disorder. Findings showed that implementing the visual support package was effective in promoting independent leisure engagement and facilitating choice-making of leisure activities. The study highlights the need for and advantages of incorporating video modeling and preference assessment into the visual activity schedule for this particular population. Lay Abstract Self-determination encompasses various components, including decision-making and independence, making it a complex process. While the importance of self-determination for individuals with autism spectrum disorder has been explored in previous studies, there is limited research focusing on individuals with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder. Evidence-based practices such as visual activity schedules and video modeling have shown effectiveness in promoting independence among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. To address the need for independence and choice-making among individuals with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder, this study developed a visual support package incorporating visual activity schedules, video modeling, preference assessments, and prompt procedures. By investigating the intervention?s effectiveness in three participants, this study contributes to the existing literature on the use of a visual activity schedule and video modeling in enhancing choice-making and independent leisure engagement. Following the intervention, all participants were able to select three leisure activities, develop their own visual schedules, and complete them. Notably, this study conducted preference assessments to determine participants' preferred leisure activities and did not provide additional reinforcement. Practical implications of this research include incorporating video prompting as needed and adjusting activity engagement time. Future research should explore the long-term effectiveness of the visual support package and its application in developing novel skills or vocational activities for individuals with moderate to severe autism spectrum disorder. This study fills a critical gap in the literature, providing important insights for practices and research in the field of autism spectrum disorder interventions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241245596 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Telehealth-delivered parent-based sleep-focused intervention for insomnia in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled study / Brian Yee Ting IP in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2881 - 2896 Titre : Telehealth-delivered parent-based sleep-focused intervention for insomnia in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brian Yee Ting IP, Auteur ; So-Lun LEE, Auteur ; Shirley Xin LI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2881 - 2896 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  children  executive functions  insomnia  intervention  sleep  telehealth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder. Although previous research has shown the positive effects of parent-based sleep intervention, it was mainly focused on face-to-face modality, which might limit accessibility. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a telehealth-delivered parent-based sleep-focused intervention in treating insomnia in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. A total of 62 parents/caregivers with a child with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid insomnia (aged 3 - 6?years) were randomized to receive either three weekly group sessions of sleep-focused intervention via Zoom with telephone support (n = 30) or treatment as usual (n = 32). The intervention group had significantly greater improvements in overall sleep problems (Children?s Sleep Habit Questionnaire total score; p < 0.05), bedtime resistance (p < 0.05), and sleep-onset delay (p < 0.05) at post-treatment as compared to the treatment as usual group. The intervention group also showed significant improvements in overall behavioral and emotional problems (p < 0.05), especially externalizing problems (p < 0.05) as measured by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and parental stress level (p < 0.05) as measured by Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 as compared to the treatment as usual group (partial ?2 = 0.081 - 0.101). The findings supported the feasibility and promising effects of a brief parent-based sleep intervention delivered via telehealth. Lay abstract Sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder. Although the effects of parent-based sleep intervention were shown to be promising, previous research was limited to the face-to-face service model, which might limit accessibility. This study examined a sleep-focused parent training group delivered via telehealth for treating insomnia in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder, which allowed parents to join the intervention remotely. Results showed that children in the intervention group had greater improvements in sleep and insomnia symptoms after treatment, as compared to those who only received care as usual. This sleep-focused treatment also led to improved daytime behaviors, especially externalizing problems such as hyperactivity and conduct problems, in children with autism spectrum disorder. Parents who had attended the training also reported reduced parental stress level after treatment. The findings supported the feasibility and promising effects of a brief parent-based sleep intervention delivered via telehealth for preschooler with autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241246502 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Telehealth-delivered parent-based sleep-focused intervention for insomnia in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brian Yee Ting IP, Auteur ; So-Lun LEE, Auteur ; Shirley Xin LI, Auteur . - p.2881 - 2896. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2881 - 2896 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  children  executive functions  insomnia  intervention  sleep  telehealth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder. Although previous research has shown the positive effects of parent-based sleep intervention, it was mainly focused on face-to-face modality, which might limit accessibility. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a telehealth-delivered parent-based sleep-focused intervention in treating insomnia in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. A total of 62 parents/caregivers with a child with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid insomnia (aged 3 - 6?years) were randomized to receive either three weekly group sessions of sleep-focused intervention via Zoom with telephone support (n = 30) or treatment as usual (n = 32). The intervention group had significantly greater improvements in overall sleep problems (Children?s Sleep Habit Questionnaire total score; p < 0.05), bedtime resistance (p < 0.05), and sleep-onset delay (p < 0.05) at post-treatment as compared to the treatment as usual group. The intervention group also showed significant improvements in overall behavioral and emotional problems (p < 0.05), especially externalizing problems (p < 0.05) as measured by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and parental stress level (p < 0.05) as measured by Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 as compared to the treatment as usual group (partial ?2 = 0.081 - 0.101). The findings supported the feasibility and promising effects of a brief parent-based sleep intervention delivered via telehealth. Lay abstract Sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder. Although the effects of parent-based sleep intervention were shown to be promising, previous research was limited to the face-to-face service model, which might limit accessibility. This study examined a sleep-focused parent training group delivered via telehealth for treating insomnia in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder, which allowed parents to join the intervention remotely. Results showed that children in the intervention group had greater improvements in sleep and insomnia symptoms after treatment, as compared to those who only received care as usual. This sleep-focused treatment also led to improved daytime behaviors, especially externalizing problems such as hyperactivity and conduct problems, in children with autism spectrum disorder. Parents who had attended the training also reported reduced parental stress level after treatment. The findings supported the feasibility and promising effects of a brief parent-based sleep intervention delivered via telehealth for preschooler with autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241246502 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

'Autism is the Arena and OCD is the Lion': Autistic adults' experiences of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive restricted behaviours and interests / Hannah LONG in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2897 - 2908 Titre : 'Autism is the Arena and OCD is the Lion': Autistic adults' experiences of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive restricted behaviours and interests Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah LONG, Auteur ; Kate COOPER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2897 - 2908 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  obsessive-compulsive disorder  repetitive behaviours and interests Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Obsessive-compulsive disorder commonly co-occurs with autism. Research characterising the interplay between restricted, repetitive behaviours, activities and interests related to autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms has used theory-driven, bottom-up methodology. This study aimed to interview autistic adults about the subjective experience of differentiating between these phenomena. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 autistic adults experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours, activities and interest. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis from a critical-realist, inductive orientation. Three overarching themes are presented. Participants viewed repetitive behaviours, activities and interest as intrinsic to their identity, while obsessive-compulsive disorder remained ego-dystonic and a perpetuator of anxiety. Conversely, repetitive behaviours, activities and interest was present across various emotions, often serving as a method to manage anxiety. Routinised behaviours and focused interests were considered by participants to be vulnerable to obsessive-compulsive disorder exploitation. Although participants reported masking both phenomena, the methods and motivations to mask differed. This research demonstrates the importance of delineating these experiences, with suggestions offered in how to explore this with autistic clients. Future research could explore narratives of masking obsessive-compulsive disorder across autistic and non-autistic people and investigate simultaneous co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive behaviours, activities and interest; including how focused interests may influence obsessive-compulsive disorder and how repetitive routines may be intensified by obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lay Abstract Repetitive behaviours and interests are a hallmark feature of autism. It is very common for autistic people to experience mental health difficulties, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previous research has investigated similarities and differences between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours in autism through questionnaires and observation studies. This is the first study to interview autistic adults about their personal experiences of differentiating between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours related to autism. We interviewed 15 autistic adults who experience obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. We recorded these interviews and carefully analysed these to find themes. We found some differences between repetitive behaviours and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants said repetitive behaviours are part of who they are and what they want to be doing, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms conflicted with how they view themselves. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was said to cause negative emotions, while participants said they experience lots of different emotions when doing repetitive behaviours. A similarity participants reported was trying to stop themselves from doing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours that other people can see. There was also overlap between obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive behaviours. Participants talked about experiences when obsessive-compulsive disorder would take over routines and make them feel more intense and negative. Also, participants' special interests were sometimes connected to the obsessions they experienced. We conclude that clinicians can use these findings to support conversations with autistic clients in differentiating between repetitive behaviours and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. We also think that further research investigating how obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms might be hidden by autistic and typically developing people is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241251512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] 'Autism is the Arena and OCD is the Lion': Autistic adults' experiences of co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive restricted behaviours and interests [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah LONG, Auteur ; Kate COOPER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.2897 - 2908. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2897 - 2908 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  obsessive-compulsive disorder  repetitive behaviours and interests Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Obsessive-compulsive disorder commonly co-occurs with autism. Research characterising the interplay between restricted, repetitive behaviours, activities and interests related to autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms has used theory-driven, bottom-up methodology. This study aimed to interview autistic adults about the subjective experience of differentiating between these phenomena. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 autistic adults experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours, activities and interest. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis from a critical-realist, inductive orientation. Three overarching themes are presented. Participants viewed repetitive behaviours, activities and interest as intrinsic to their identity, while obsessive-compulsive disorder remained ego-dystonic and a perpetuator of anxiety. Conversely, repetitive behaviours, activities and interest was present across various emotions, often serving as a method to manage anxiety. Routinised behaviours and focused interests were considered by participants to be vulnerable to obsessive-compulsive disorder exploitation. Although participants reported masking both phenomena, the methods and motivations to mask differed. This research demonstrates the importance of delineating these experiences, with suggestions offered in how to explore this with autistic clients. Future research could explore narratives of masking obsessive-compulsive disorder across autistic and non-autistic people and investigate simultaneous co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive behaviours, activities and interest; including how focused interests may influence obsessive-compulsive disorder and how repetitive routines may be intensified by obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lay Abstract Repetitive behaviours and interests are a hallmark feature of autism. It is very common for autistic people to experience mental health difficulties, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previous research has investigated similarities and differences between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours in autism through questionnaires and observation studies. This is the first study to interview autistic adults about their personal experiences of differentiating between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours related to autism. We interviewed 15 autistic adults who experience obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. We recorded these interviews and carefully analysed these to find themes. We found some differences between repetitive behaviours and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants said repetitive behaviours are part of who they are and what they want to be doing, whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms conflicted with how they view themselves. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was said to cause negative emotions, while participants said they experience lots of different emotions when doing repetitive behaviours. A similarity participants reported was trying to stop themselves from doing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and repetitive behaviours that other people can see. There was also overlap between obsessive-compulsive disorder and repetitive behaviours. Participants talked about experiences when obsessive-compulsive disorder would take over routines and make them feel more intense and negative. Also, participants' special interests were sometimes connected to the obsessions they experienced. We conclude that clinicians can use these findings to support conversations with autistic clients in differentiating between repetitive behaviours and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. We also think that further research investigating how obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms might be hidden by autistic and typically developing people is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241251512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Time is of the essence: Age at autism diagnosis, sex assigned at birth, and psychopathology / Jessica V. SMITH in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2909 - 2922 Titre : Time is of the essence: Age at autism diagnosis, sex assigned at birth, and psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica V. SMITH, Auteur ; Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Emily NEUHAUS, Auteur ; Andrea LOPEZ, Auteur ; Allison B. RATTO, Auteur ; Allison JACK, Auteur ; Alexis KHUU, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur ; Alyssa VERBALIS, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2909 - 2922 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  diagnostic delay  diagnostic timing  mental health outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Age at autism diagnosis is associated with sex assigned at birth (hereafter, "sex"), such that girls/women are more likely to be delayed or "missed" entirely in the diagnostic process compared to boys/men. Later diagnosed individuals, especially girls/women, demonstrate increased anxious/depressive symptoms. Data on autistic youth from clinic-based (n = 1035; 22.9% assigned female) and sex-balanced research-based (n = 128; 43% assigned female) samples were probed via regression-based mediation models to understand relationships between diagnostic age, sex, and symptoms of anxiety/depression. We hypothesized diagnostic age would mediate the relationship between sex and anxious/depressive symptoms. In both samples, later diagnostic age predicted greater anxious and depressive symptoms, and sex did not directly predict anxious symptoms. In the clinic-based but not the research-based sample, individuals assigned female at birth were later diagnosed than those assigned male, and there was a significant indirect effect of sex on anxious and depressive symptoms through diagnostic age, such that those assigned female and later diagnosed experienced greater symptoms. Within the research-based sample only, sex predicted depressive symptoms. The present study provides an important impetus for further evaluating the implications of diagnostic timing, enhancing tools for recognizing autism in individuals assigned female at birth, and grounding research with real-world ascertainment strategies. Lay Abstract Previous research has shown that girls/women are diagnosed later than boys/men with autism. Individuals who are diagnosed later in life, especially girls/women, have greater anxious and depressive symptoms. Previous research has been limited due to narrow inclusionary criteria for enrollment in studies. The present study uses two samples-one clinic-based, large "real-world" sample and another research-based sample with strict criteria for autism diagnosis-to understand the relationships between diagnostic age, sex assigned at birth, and symptoms of anxiety/depression. In both samples, those who were diagnosed later had greater anxious/depressive symptoms, and anxiety was not predicted by sex. In the clinic-based but not research-based sample, those assigned female at birth were diagnosed later than those assigned male at birth. In the clinic-based sample only, individuals assigned female at birth and who were later diagnosed experienced greater symptoms of anxiety/depression compared to those assigned male who benefited from earlier diagnostic timing. Within the research-based sample, those assigned female at birth had greater depressive symptoms than those assigned male. These findings highlight the importance of timely identification of autism, especially for girls/women who are often diagnosed later. Community-based samples are needed to better understand real-world sex-based and diagnostic age-based disparities in mental health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241249878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Time is of the essence: Age at autism diagnosis, sex assigned at birth, and psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica V. SMITH, Auteur ; Goldie A. MCQUAID, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Emily NEUHAUS, Auteur ; Andrea LOPEZ, Auteur ; Allison B. RATTO, Auteur ; Allison JACK, Auteur ; Alexis KHUU, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur ; Alyssa VERBALIS, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur . - p.2909 - 2922. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2909 - 2922 Mots-clés : autism  diagnostic delay  diagnostic timing  mental health outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Age at autism diagnosis is associated with sex assigned at birth (hereafter, "sex"), such that girls/women are more likely to be delayed or "missed" entirely in the diagnostic process compared to boys/men. Later diagnosed individuals, especially girls/women, demonstrate increased anxious/depressive symptoms. Data on autistic youth from clinic-based (n = 1035; 22.9% assigned female) and sex-balanced research-based (n = 128; 43% assigned female) samples were probed via regression-based mediation models to understand relationships between diagnostic age, sex, and symptoms of anxiety/depression. We hypothesized diagnostic age would mediate the relationship between sex and anxious/depressive symptoms. In both samples, later diagnostic age predicted greater anxious and depressive symptoms, and sex did not directly predict anxious symptoms. In the clinic-based but not the research-based sample, individuals assigned female at birth were later diagnosed than those assigned male, and there was a significant indirect effect of sex on anxious and depressive symptoms through diagnostic age, such that those assigned female and later diagnosed experienced greater symptoms. Within the research-based sample only, sex predicted depressive symptoms. The present study provides an important impetus for further evaluating the implications of diagnostic timing, enhancing tools for recognizing autism in individuals assigned female at birth, and grounding research with real-world ascertainment strategies. Lay Abstract Previous research has shown that girls/women are diagnosed later than boys/men with autism. Individuals who are diagnosed later in life, especially girls/women, have greater anxious and depressive symptoms. Previous research has been limited due to narrow inclusionary criteria for enrollment in studies. The present study uses two samples-one clinic-based, large "real-world" sample and another research-based sample with strict criteria for autism diagnosis-to understand the relationships between diagnostic age, sex assigned at birth, and symptoms of anxiety/depression. In both samples, those who were diagnosed later had greater anxious/depressive symptoms, and anxiety was not predicted by sex. In the clinic-based but not research-based sample, those assigned female at birth were diagnosed later than those assigned male at birth. In the clinic-based sample only, individuals assigned female at birth and who were later diagnosed experienced greater symptoms of anxiety/depression compared to those assigned male who benefited from earlier diagnostic timing. Within the research-based sample, those assigned female at birth had greater depressive symptoms than those assigned male. These findings highlight the importance of timely identification of autism, especially for girls/women who are often diagnosed later. Community-based samples are needed to better understand real-world sex-based and diagnostic age-based disparities in mental health. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241249878 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

'It?s not always textbook social anxiety': A survey-based study investigating the nature of social anxiety and experiences of therapy in autistic people / Alexander C. WILSON in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2923 - 2936 Titre : 'It?s not always textbook social anxiety': A survey-based study investigating the nature of social anxiety and experiences of therapy in autistic people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alexander C. WILSON, Auteur ; Fiona GULLON-SCOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2923 - 2936 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cognitive behaviour therapy  mental health  social anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about the nature of social anxiety in autistic people: What is similar and different about factors contributing to social anxiety in autistic and non-autistic people? There is also very limited research about autistic people?s experiences of therapy for social anxiety in current routine clinical practice. This study investigated these issues by analysing responses to an online questionnaire for 308 adults with elevated social anxiety (232 autistic people and 76 non-autistic people) using mixed-methods approaches. Distinct factors influenced social anxiety in autistic participants, including individual and environmental factors relating to autistic experiences in the social world. We propose a 'distinct' model of social anxiety in autism. In addition, many participants had not had helpful experiences in therapy, especially cognitive behaviour therapy, for social anxiety: They thought therapists did not always acknowledge the basis of their social fears, did not adapt the therapy process in an individualised way and did not understand neurodiversity or recognise neurodivergence. Our results suggest that social anxiety needs to be understood specifically in the context of autism, and if this is neglected, therapy is unlikely to be helpful. Based on participants' comments, this article makes some practical recommendations for therapists supporting autistic adults with social anxiety. Lay Abstract The nature of social anxiety has been widely researched in non-autistic people. This existing research has allowed therapists to develop effective therapy for social anxiety in non-autistic people. Meanwhile, some research suggests that autistic people may have different experiences of anxiety compared to non-autistic people. In addition, there is some evidence that modified therapy may help autistic people with social anxiety, although we also know that many autistic people feel failed by existing mental health services. This article provides a detailed picture of social anxiety in autistic people. This includes similarities and differences compared to non-autistic people. In terms of similarities, people often described feeling afraid that others would judge them, and this would have negative consequences. In terms of differences, autistic people commonly reported a clash between their traits and their social environment, which caused them distress and discomfort. This included factors only rarely reported by non-autistic people (such as struggling with too much sensory stimulation or inaccessible forms of communication and encountering discrimination for these problems). Based on this, we propose a 'distinct' model of social anxiety with particular relevance to autistic people. In addition, many participants reported negative experiences in therapy for social anxiety. They thought therapists wrongly viewed their fears of social situations as irrational and ungrounded. They thought therapists did not adapt the therapy process in an individualised way and did not understand neurodiversity or recognise neurodivergence. Standard approaches for social anxiety may not always suit autistic people, so this needs further exploration. We highlight several practical recommendations for therapists offering therapy for social anxiety to autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241251513 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] 'It?s not always textbook social anxiety': A survey-based study investigating the nature of social anxiety and experiences of therapy in autistic people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alexander C. WILSON, Auteur ; Fiona GULLON-SCOTT, Auteur . - p.2923 - 2936. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2923 - 2936 Mots-clés : autism  cognitive behaviour therapy  mental health  social anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about the nature of social anxiety in autistic people: What is similar and different about factors contributing to social anxiety in autistic and non-autistic people? There is also very limited research about autistic people?s experiences of therapy for social anxiety in current routine clinical practice. This study investigated these issues by analysing responses to an online questionnaire for 308 adults with elevated social anxiety (232 autistic people and 76 non-autistic people) using mixed-methods approaches. Distinct factors influenced social anxiety in autistic participants, including individual and environmental factors relating to autistic experiences in the social world. We propose a 'distinct' model of social anxiety in autism. In addition, many participants had not had helpful experiences in therapy, especially cognitive behaviour therapy, for social anxiety: They thought therapists did not always acknowledge the basis of their social fears, did not adapt the therapy process in an individualised way and did not understand neurodiversity or recognise neurodivergence. Our results suggest that social anxiety needs to be understood specifically in the context of autism, and if this is neglected, therapy is unlikely to be helpful. Based on participants' comments, this article makes some practical recommendations for therapists supporting autistic adults with social anxiety. Lay Abstract The nature of social anxiety has been widely researched in non-autistic people. This existing research has allowed therapists to develop effective therapy for social anxiety in non-autistic people. Meanwhile, some research suggests that autistic people may have different experiences of anxiety compared to non-autistic people. In addition, there is some evidence that modified therapy may help autistic people with social anxiety, although we also know that many autistic people feel failed by existing mental health services. This article provides a detailed picture of social anxiety in autistic people. This includes similarities and differences compared to non-autistic people. In terms of similarities, people often described feeling afraid that others would judge them, and this would have negative consequences. In terms of differences, autistic people commonly reported a clash between their traits and their social environment, which caused them distress and discomfort. This included factors only rarely reported by non-autistic people (such as struggling with too much sensory stimulation or inaccessible forms of communication and encountering discrimination for these problems). Based on this, we propose a 'distinct' model of social anxiety with particular relevance to autistic people. In addition, many participants reported negative experiences in therapy for social anxiety. They thought therapists wrongly viewed their fears of social situations as irrational and ungrounded. They thought therapists did not adapt the therapy process in an individualised way and did not understand neurodiversity or recognise neurodivergence. Standard approaches for social anxiety may not always suit autistic people, so this needs further exploration. We highlight several practical recommendations for therapists offering therapy for social anxiety to autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241251513 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Poor face recognition predicts social anxiety in autism: A short report / Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2937 - 2942 Titre : Poor face recognition predicts social anxiety in autism: A short report Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU, Auteur ; Katie LH GRAY, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2937 - 2942 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  face recognition  mental health  social anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the present study, we sought to examine whether face recognition problems impact the social anxiety experienced by autistic people. Many autistic people - perhaps between 15% and 30% - exhibit severe face recognition problems that closely resemble developmental prosopagnosia. At present, however, little is known about the psychosocial consequences of these difficulties. Autistic participants (N = 60) with varying degrees of face recognition ability completed two measures of face recognition (the original and Australian variants of the Cambridge Face Memory test), a measure of social anxiety (the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale) and a bespoke survey that enquired about individuals' experiences of face recognition and social interaction. Relative to autistic individuals with average or above-average face recognition, autistic individuals with poor face recognition described significantly higher levels of social anxiety. Moreover, more than half our participants felt that poor face recognition hampered their social interaction, while more than a third thought that poor face recognition had undermined their efforts to make friends. These initial results suggest that poor face recognition may be an important determinant of social anxiety in autism. Lay abstract Research has shown that some autistic people have severe difficulties in recognising other people?s faces. However, little is understood about how these difficulties impact the daily life and the mental well-being of autistic people. In this study, we asked 60 autistic adults with varying degrees of face recognition ability to complete two tests of face recognition, a questionnaire about social anxiety and a bespoke survey which asked participants about their experiences of face recognition and social interaction. We found that participants who had poor face recognition reported experiencing higher levels of social anxiety compared to those with average or better face recognition skills. More than half felt that their face recognition difficulties affected their social interactions, and over a third believed it hindered their ability to make friends. These findings suggest that face recognition difficulties may contribute to social anxiety among autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241272031 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Poor face recognition predicts social anxiety in autism: A short report [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bayparvah Kaur GEHDU, Auteur ; Katie LH GRAY, Auteur ; Richard COOK, Auteur . - p.2937 - 2942. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2937 - 2942 Mots-clés : autism  face recognition  mental health  social anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the present study, we sought to examine whether face recognition problems impact the social anxiety experienced by autistic people. Many autistic people - perhaps between 15% and 30% - exhibit severe face recognition problems that closely resemble developmental prosopagnosia. At present, however, little is known about the psychosocial consequences of these difficulties. Autistic participants (N = 60) with varying degrees of face recognition ability completed two measures of face recognition (the original and Australian variants of the Cambridge Face Memory test), a measure of social anxiety (the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale) and a bespoke survey that enquired about individuals' experiences of face recognition and social interaction. Relative to autistic individuals with average or above-average face recognition, autistic individuals with poor face recognition described significantly higher levels of social anxiety. Moreover, more than half our participants felt that poor face recognition hampered their social interaction, while more than a third thought that poor face recognition had undermined their efforts to make friends. These initial results suggest that poor face recognition may be an important determinant of social anxiety in autism. Lay abstract Research has shown that some autistic people have severe difficulties in recognising other people?s faces. However, little is understood about how these difficulties impact the daily life and the mental well-being of autistic people. In this study, we asked 60 autistic adults with varying degrees of face recognition ability to complete two tests of face recognition, a questionnaire about social anxiety and a bespoke survey which asked participants about their experiences of face recognition and social interaction. We found that participants who had poor face recognition reported experiencing higher levels of social anxiety compared to those with average or better face recognition skills. More than half felt that their face recognition difficulties affected their social interactions, and over a third believed it hindered their ability to make friends. These findings suggest that face recognition difficulties may contribute to social anxiety among autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241272031 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Considerations for effective dissemination of evidence-based early intervention approaches / Sophia R. D?AGOSTINO in Autism, 28-11 (November 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2943 - 2945 Titre : Considerations for effective dissemination of evidence-based early intervention approaches Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophia R. D?AGOSTINO, Auteur ; Kyle M. FROST, Auteur ; Katherine PICKARD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2943 - 2945 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : dissemination  early childhood  early intervention  naturalistic developmental behavior interventions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dissemination efforts play an important role in bridging the gap between research and practice. Many evidence-based early intervention programs for young autistic children have yet to be widely disseminated to the early childhood workforce. The purpose of this letter is to discuss how packaging and branding early intervention approaches may facilitate or hinder widespread dissemination to community-based early childhood settings. To disseminate early interventions more effectively, we argue that it will be important to account for factors that are known to impact the widespread uptake within community settings. Lay abstract Dissemination, or the widespread sharing of information, is important for moving research evidence into community practice. Early intervention programs for young autistic children have not yet been widely disseminated to the early childhood workforce. This letter describes factors that may support or prevent dissemination to community-based settings, such as packaging and branding early intervention approaches. We argue that an increased focus on dissemination research is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241253117 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] Considerations for effective dissemination of evidence-based early intervention approaches [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophia R. D?AGOSTINO, Auteur ; Kyle M. FROST, Auteur ; Katherine PICKARD, Auteur . - p.2943 - 2945. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-11 (November 2024) . - p.2943 - 2945 Mots-clés : dissemination  early childhood  early intervention  naturalistic developmental behavior interventions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dissemination efforts play an important role in bridging the gap between research and practice. Many evidence-based early intervention programs for young autistic children have yet to be widely disseminated to the early childhood workforce. The purpose of this letter is to discuss how packaging and branding early intervention approaches may facilitate or hinder widespread dissemination to community-based early childhood settings. To disseminate early interventions more effectively, we argue that it will be important to account for factors that are known to impact the widespread uptake within community settings. Lay abstract Dissemination, or the widespread sharing of information, is important for moving research evidence into community practice. Early intervention programs for young autistic children have not yet been widely disseminated to the early childhood workforce. This letter describes factors that may support or prevent dissemination to community-based settings, such as packaging and branding early intervention approaches. We argue that an increased focus on dissemination research is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241253117 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537