Cognitive impairments are different in single-incidence and multi-incidence ADHD families / Anoek M. OERLEMANS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.782-791 Titre : Cognitive impairments are different in single-incidence and multi-incidence ADHD families Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anoek M. OERLEMANS, Auteur ; Catharina A. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.782-791 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)  simplex-multiplex stratification  family  unaffected relative  endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We may improve our understanding of the role of common versus unique risk factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by examining ADHD-related cognitive deficits in single- (SPX), and multi-incidence (MPX) families. Given that individuals from multiplex (MPX) families are likely to share genetic vulnerability for the disorder, whereas simplex (SPX) ADHD may be the result of sporadic (non-)genetic causes unique to the patient, we hypothesized that cognitive impairments may be different in SPX and MPX ADHD as indicated by (a) the presence of cognitive deficits in MPX, but not SPX unaffected siblings and (b) dissimilar cognitive profiles in SPX and MPX ADHD patients. Methods Tasks measuring total IQ, verbal attention, executive functioning, motor functioning, and time estimation were administered to 31 SPX/264 MPX ADHD probands, 47 SPX/123 MPX unaffected siblings, and 263 controls, aged 6–19 years. Results SPX unaffected siblings were unimpaired compared to controls, except for verbal working memory, whereas MPX unaffected siblings showed impairments on most cognitive domains. The cognitive profiles of SPX and MPX probands were highly similar, except that verbal attention, response inhibition and motor control deficits were more pronounced in MPX probands, and -compared to their unaffected siblings- impairments in IQ, visual working memory and timing abilities were more pronounced in SPX cases. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that a partly different cognitive architecture may underlie SPX and MPX forms of ADHD, which becomes evident when contrasting cognitive performances within families. Cognitive factors underlying MPX forms of ADHD are familial, whereas nonfamilial in SPX ADHD. SPX-MPX stratification may be a step forward in unraveling diverse causal pathways. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Cognitive impairments are different in single-incidence and multi-incidence ADHD families [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anoek M. OERLEMANS, Auteur ; Catharina A. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur . - p.782-791. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.782-791 Mots-clés : Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)  simplex-multiplex stratification  family  unaffected relative  endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We may improve our understanding of the role of common versus unique risk factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by examining ADHD-related cognitive deficits in single- (SPX), and multi-incidence (MPX) families. Given that individuals from multiplex (MPX) families are likely to share genetic vulnerability for the disorder, whereas simplex (SPX) ADHD may be the result of sporadic (non-)genetic causes unique to the patient, we hypothesized that cognitive impairments may be different in SPX and MPX ADHD as indicated by (a) the presence of cognitive deficits in MPX, but not SPX unaffected siblings and (b) dissimilar cognitive profiles in SPX and MPX ADHD patients. Methods Tasks measuring total IQ, verbal attention, executive functioning, motor functioning, and time estimation were administered to 31 SPX/264 MPX ADHD probands, 47 SPX/123 MPX unaffected siblings, and 263 controls, aged 6–19 years. Results SPX unaffected siblings were unimpaired compared to controls, except for verbal working memory, whereas MPX unaffected siblings showed impairments on most cognitive domains. The cognitive profiles of SPX and MPX probands were highly similar, except that verbal attention, response inhibition and motor control deficits were more pronounced in MPX probands, and -compared to their unaffected siblings- impairments in IQ, visual working memory and timing abilities were more pronounced in SPX cases. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that a partly different cognitive architecture may underlie SPX and MPX forms of ADHD, which becomes evident when contrasting cognitive performances within families. Cognitive factors underlying MPX forms of ADHD are familial, whereas nonfamilial in SPX ADHD. SPX-MPX stratification may be a step forward in unraveling diverse causal pathways. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Simplex and Multiplex Stratification in ASD and ADHD Families: A Promising Approach for Identifying Overlapping and Unique Underpinnings of ASD and ADHD? / Anoek M. OERLEMANS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-3 (March 2015) . - p.645-657 Titre : Simplex and Multiplex Stratification in ASD and ADHD Families: A Promising Approach for Identifying Overlapping and Unique Underpinnings of ASD and ADHD? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anoek M. OERLEMANS, Auteur ; Catharina A. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Daphne J. VAN STEIJN, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.645-657 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  Simplex–multiplex stratification  Family  Unaffected relative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorders, that frequently co-occur. This study examined whether stratification into single-incidence (SPX) and multi-incidence (MPX) is helpful in (a) parsing heterogeneity and (b) detecting overlapping and unique underpinnings of the disorders. ASD and ADHD traits were measured in 56 ASD/31 ADHD SPX families, 59 ASD/171 ADHD MPX families and 203 control families. In ASD but not ADHD, behavioral traits were less elevated in SPX than MPX unaffected relatives, suggesting that SPX–MPX stratification may thus help parse ASD, but not ADHD heterogeneity. Particularly unaffected relatives from MPX ASD/ADHD families displayed elevated trait levels of both disorders, indicating shared (multifactorial) underpinnings underlying ASD and ADHD in these families. Cross-disorder traits were highest in MPX ASD unaffected siblings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2220-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258 [article] Simplex and Multiplex Stratification in ASD and ADHD Families: A Promising Approach for Identifying Overlapping and Unique Underpinnings of ASD and ADHD? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anoek M. OERLEMANS, Auteur ; Catharina A. HARTMAN, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Daphne J. VAN STEIJN, Auteur ; Barbara FRANKE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur . - p.645-657. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-3 (March 2015) . - p.645-657 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  Simplex–multiplex stratification  Family  Unaffected relative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorders, that frequently co-occur. This study examined whether stratification into single-incidence (SPX) and multi-incidence (MPX) is helpful in (a) parsing heterogeneity and (b) detecting overlapping and unique underpinnings of the disorders. ASD and ADHD traits were measured in 56 ASD/31 ADHD SPX families, 59 ASD/171 ADHD MPX families and 203 control families. In ASD but not ADHD, behavioral traits were less elevated in SPX than MPX unaffected relatives, suggesting that SPX–MPX stratification may thus help parse ASD, but not ADHD heterogeneity. Particularly unaffected relatives from MPX ASD/ADHD families displayed elevated trait levels of both disorders, indicating shared (multifactorial) underpinnings underlying ASD and ADHD in these families. Cross-disorder traits were highest in MPX ASD unaffected siblings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2220-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258

Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design / Ingeborg HAUTH in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.491-500 Titre : Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ingeborg HAUTH, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Wouter STAAL, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.491-500 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  extreme male brain theory  testosterone  2D:4D  finger length  siblings  parents  empathizing  systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits in both neuroanatomy and cognition. Using the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) and digit length as biomarkers of (pre- and postnatal) testosterone levels, examined was whether hypermasculinized digit ratios and/or lengths were familial traits in ASD and investigated their relation to sexually dimorphic cognitive abilities. 2D:4D ratios and digit lengths of 216 children with ASD, 202 unaffected siblings, and 360 parents were compared with those of 174 control children and their 146 parents. Generalized Estimation Equations, Generalized Linear Models, and Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate parent–offspring relationships and group differences. In ASD probands and their relatives alike, digit length relative to overall height was significantly increased in comparison to controls. No significant group differences were found between affected and unaffected subjects, or between males and females. Additionally, 2D:4D ratios increased with age. No (consistent) associations were found between 2D:4D ratio or digit lengths and systemizing and empathizing skills. The findings emphasize the role of familially based elevated pre- and postnatal testosterone levels in the liability for ASD, but challenge the use of 2D:4D ratio as a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure solely. Given that many genes influence digit length, the exact mechanisms underlying a familial predisposition toward increased digit length in ASD are as yet unknown and needs to be explored in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1384 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 [article] Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ingeborg HAUTH, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Wouter STAAL, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.491-500. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.491-500 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  extreme male brain theory  testosterone  2D:4D  finger length  siblings  parents  empathizing  systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits in both neuroanatomy and cognition. Using the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) and digit length as biomarkers of (pre- and postnatal) testosterone levels, examined was whether hypermasculinized digit ratios and/or lengths were familial traits in ASD and investigated their relation to sexually dimorphic cognitive abilities. 2D:4D ratios and digit lengths of 216 children with ASD, 202 unaffected siblings, and 360 parents were compared with those of 174 control children and their 146 parents. Generalized Estimation Equations, Generalized Linear Models, and Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate parent–offspring relationships and group differences. In ASD probands and their relatives alike, digit length relative to overall height was significantly increased in comparison to controls. No significant group differences were found between affected and unaffected subjects, or between males and females. Additionally, 2D:4D ratios increased with age. No (consistent) associations were found between 2D:4D ratio or digit lengths and systemizing and empathizing skills. The findings emphasize the role of familially based elevated pre- and postnatal testosterone levels in the liability for ASD, but challenge the use of 2D:4D ratio as a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure solely. Given that many genes influence digit length, the exact mechanisms underlying a familial predisposition toward increased digit length in ASD are as yet unknown and needs to be explored in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1384 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238

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