Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / Josef M. UNTERRAINER in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.739-751 Titre : Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Josef M. UNTERRAINER, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur ; Benjamin RAHM, Auteur ; Jochen HARDT, Auteur ; Christoph P. KALLER, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur ; Mirjam PASCHKE-MÜLLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.739-751 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  ADHD  cognitive development  Tower of London  planning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Planning impairment is often observed in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but attempts to differentiate planning in ASD from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children (TD) have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined differences between these groups by focusing on development and analyzing performance in searching ahead several steps (“search depth”) in addition to commonly used global performance measures in planning. A cross-sectional consecutive sample of 83 male patients (6–13 years), subgrouped as ASD without (ASD?, n?=?18) or with comorbid ADHD (ASD+, n?=?23), ADHD only (n?=?42) and n?=?42 TD children (6–13 years) were tested with the Tower-of-London-task. For global performance, ASD+ showed the lowest accuracy in younger children, but similar performance as TD at older ages, suggesting delayed development. Typically, a prolongation of planning time with increasing problem difficulty is observed in older children as compared to younger children. Here, this was most pronounced in ASD?, but under-expressed in ADHD. In contrast to global performance, effects of search depth were independent of age. ASD?, but not ASD+, showed increased susceptibility to raised demands on mentally searching ahead, along with the longest planning times. Thus, examining both global and search depth performance across ages revealed discernible patterns of planning between groups. Notably, the potentially detrimental impact of two diagnosed disorders does not add up in ASD+ in this task. Rather, our results suggest paradoxical enhancement of performance, ostensibly attributable to disruption of behavioral rigidity through increased impulsivity, which did not take place in ASD?. Autism Res 2016, 9: 739–751. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1574 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Josef M. UNTERRAINER, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur ; Benjamin RAHM, Auteur ; Jochen HARDT, Auteur ; Christoph P. KALLER, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur ; Mirjam PASCHKE-MÜLLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur . - p.739-751. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.739-751 Mots-clés : autism  ADHD  cognitive development  Tower of London  planning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Planning impairment is often observed in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but attempts to differentiate planning in ASD from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children (TD) have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined differences between these groups by focusing on development and analyzing performance in searching ahead several steps (“search depth”) in addition to commonly used global performance measures in planning. A cross-sectional consecutive sample of 83 male patients (6–13 years), subgrouped as ASD without (ASD?, n?=?18) or with comorbid ADHD (ASD+, n?=?23), ADHD only (n?=?42) and n?=?42 TD children (6–13 years) were tested with the Tower-of-London-task. For global performance, ASD+ showed the lowest accuracy in younger children, but similar performance as TD at older ages, suggesting delayed development. Typically, a prolongation of planning time with increasing problem difficulty is observed in older children as compared to younger children. Here, this was most pronounced in ASD?, but under-expressed in ADHD. In contrast to global performance, effects of search depth were independent of age. ASD?, but not ASD+, showed increased susceptibility to raised demands on mentally searching ahead, along with the longest planning times. Thus, examining both global and search depth performance across ages revealed discernible patterns of planning between groups. Notably, the potentially detrimental impact of two diagnosed disorders does not add up in ASD+ in this task. Rather, our results suggest paradoxical enhancement of performance, ostensibly attributable to disruption of behavioral rigidity through increased impulsivity, which did not take place in ASD?. Autism Res 2016, 9: 739–751. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1574 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Glutathione metabolism in the prefrontal brain of adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: an MRS study / D. ENDRES in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 10p. Titre : Glutathione metabolism in the prefrontal brain of adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: an MRS study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. ENDRES, Auteur ; L. TEBARTZ VAN ELST, Auteur ; S. A. MEYER, Auteur ; B. FEIGE, Auteur ; K. NICKEL, Auteur ; A. BUBL, Auteur ; A. RIEDEL, Auteur ; D. EBERT, Auteur ; T. LANGE, Auteur ; V. GLAUCHE, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; A. PHILIPSEN, Auteur ; S. J. MAIER, Auteur ; E. PERLOV, Auteur Article en page(s) : 10p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism/*psychology  Female  Glutathione/*metabolism  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Prefrontal Cortex/*metabolism  Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods  *Anterior cingulate cortex  *Asperger syndrome  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Dlpfc  *Glutathione  *MR spectroscopy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by difficulties in social communication, unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests, and specific abnormalities in language and perception. The precise etiology of ASD is still unknown and probably heterogeneous. In a subgroup of patients, toxic environmental exposure might lead to an imbalance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidant systems. Previous serum and postmortem studies measuring levels of glutathione (GSH), the main cellular free radical scavenger in the brain, have supported the hypothesis that this compound might play a role in the pathophysiology of autism. METHODS: Using the method of single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we analyzed the GSH signal in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 24 ASD patients with normal or above average IQs and 18 matched control subjects. We hypothesized that we would find decreased GSH concentrations in both regions. RESULTS: We did not find overall group differences in neurometabolites including GSH, neither in the dorsal ACC (Wilks' lambda test; p = 0.429) nor in the DLPFC (p = 0.288). In the dACC, we found a trend for decreased GSH signals in ASD patients (p = 0.076). CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to confirm our working hypothesis regarding decreased GSH concentrations in the ASD group. Further studies combining MRS, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid measurements of GSH metabolism including other regions of interest or even whole brain spectroscopy are needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0122-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 [article] Glutathione metabolism in the prefrontal brain of adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: an MRS study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. ENDRES, Auteur ; L. TEBARTZ VAN ELST, Auteur ; S. A. MEYER, Auteur ; B. FEIGE, Auteur ; K. NICKEL, Auteur ; A. BUBL, Auteur ; A. RIEDEL, Auteur ; D. EBERT, Auteur ; T. LANGE, Auteur ; V. GLAUCHE, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; A. PHILIPSEN, Auteur ; S. J. MAIER, Auteur ; E. PERLOV, Auteur . - 10p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 10p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism/*psychology  Female  Glutathione/*metabolism  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Prefrontal Cortex/*metabolism  Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods  *Anterior cingulate cortex  *Asperger syndrome  *Autism spectrum disorder  *Dlpfc  *Glutathione  *MR spectroscopy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by difficulties in social communication, unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests, and specific abnormalities in language and perception. The precise etiology of ASD is still unknown and probably heterogeneous. In a subgroup of patients, toxic environmental exposure might lead to an imbalance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidant systems. Previous serum and postmortem studies measuring levels of glutathione (GSH), the main cellular free radical scavenger in the brain, have supported the hypothesis that this compound might play a role in the pathophysiology of autism. METHODS: Using the method of single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we analyzed the GSH signal in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 24 ASD patients with normal or above average IQs and 18 matched control subjects. We hypothesized that we would find decreased GSH concentrations in both regions. RESULTS: We did not find overall group differences in neurometabolites including GSH, neither in the dorsal ACC (Wilks' lambda test; p = 0.429) nor in the DLPFC (p = 0.288). In the dACC, we found a trend for decreased GSH signals in ASD patients (p = 0.076). CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to confirm our working hypothesis regarding decreased GSH concentrations in the ASD group. Further studies combining MRS, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid measurements of GSH metabolism including other regions of interest or even whole brain spectroscopy are needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0122-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330

Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials / Christopher W. N. SAVILLE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-7 (July 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.801-813 Titre : Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher W. N. SAVILLE, Auteur ; Bernd FEIGE, Auteur ; Christian KLUCKERT, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; Andrea BERGER, Auteur ; Christian FLEISCHHAKER, Auteur ; Klaus HENIGHAUSEN, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.801-813 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  reaction time  working memory  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increased intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) is a promising endophenotype for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and among the most robust hallmarks of the disorder. ISV has been assumed to represent an attentional deficit, either reflecting lapses in attention or increased neural noise. Here, we use an innovative single-trial event-related potential approach to assess whether the increased ISV associated with ADHD is indeed attributable to attention, or whether it is related to response-related processing. Methods We measured electroencephalographic responses to working memory oddball tasks in patients with ADHD (N = 20, aged 11.3 ± 1.1) and healthy controls (N = 25, aged 11.7 ± 1.1), and analysed these data with a recently developed method of single-trial event-related potential analysis. Estimates of component latency variability were computed for the stimulus-locked and response-locked forms of the P3b and the lateralised readiness potential (LRP). Results ADHD patients showed significantly increased ISV in behavioural ISV. This increased ISV was paralleled by an increase in variability in response-locked event-related potential latencies, while variability in stimulus-locked latencies was equivalent between groups. This result held across the P3b and LRP. Latency of all components predicted RTs on a single-trial basis, confirming that all were relevant for speed of processing. Conclusions These data suggest that the increased ISV found in ADHD could be associated with response-end, rather than stimulus-end processes, in contrast to prevailing conceptions about the endophenotype. This mental chronometric approach may also be useful for exploring whether the existing lack of specificity of ISV to particular psychiatric conditions can be improved upon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Increased reaction time variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response-related phenomenon: evidence from single-trial event-related potentials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher W. N. SAVILLE, Auteur ; Bernd FEIGE, Auteur ; Christian KLUCKERT, Auteur ; Stephan BENDER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; Andrea BERGER, Auteur ; Christian FLEISCHHAKER, Auteur ; Klaus HENIGHAUSEN, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur . - p.801-813. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-7 (July 2015) . - p.801-813 Mots-clés : ADHD  EEG  reaction time  working memory  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increased intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) is a promising endophenotype for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and among the most robust hallmarks of the disorder. ISV has been assumed to represent an attentional deficit, either reflecting lapses in attention or increased neural noise. Here, we use an innovative single-trial event-related potential approach to assess whether the increased ISV associated with ADHD is indeed attributable to attention, or whether it is related to response-related processing. Methods We measured electroencephalographic responses to working memory oddball tasks in patients with ADHD (N = 20, aged 11.3 ± 1.1) and healthy controls (N = 25, aged 11.7 ± 1.1), and analysed these data with a recently developed method of single-trial event-related potential analysis. Estimates of component latency variability were computed for the stimulus-locked and response-locked forms of the P3b and the lateralised readiness potential (LRP). Results ADHD patients showed significantly increased ISV in behavioural ISV. This increased ISV was paralleled by an increase in variability in response-locked event-related potential latencies, while variability in stimulus-locked latencies was equivalent between groups. This result held across the P3b and LRP. Latency of all components predicted RTs on a single-trial basis, confirming that all were relevant for speed of processing. Conclusions These data suggest that the increased ISV found in ADHD could be associated with response-end, rather than stimulus-end processes, in contrast to prevailing conceptions about the endophenotype. This mental chronometric approach may also be useful for exploring whether the existing lack of specificity of ISV to particular psychiatric conditions can be improved upon. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12348 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Intuitive Moral Reasoning in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Matter of Social Schemas? / U. M. SCHALLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-5 (May 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-5 (May 2019) . - p.1807-1824 Titre : Intuitive Moral Reasoning in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Matter of Social Schemas? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : U. M. SCHALLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; T. FANGMEIER, Auteur ; L. TEBARTZ VAN ELST, Auteur ; R. RAUH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1807-1824 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Dual-process theory  Empathy  Moral  Moral cognition  Moral dilemma  Moral reasoning  Schema theory  Social schema  Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Using a schema-theoretical perspective in the field of moral cognition, we assessed response behavior of adolescent (n = 15) and adult (n = 22) individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in comparison with adolescent (n = 22) and adult (n = 22) neurotypically developed controls. We conceptualized the Intuitive Moral Reasoning Test-in five moral dilemmas, participants had to choose between two alternative actions and assess their decision with respect to emotional valence, arousal, moral acceptability and permissibility from both the perspective of the acting person and then of the victim. Patients with ASD displayed a different decision and response behavior, particularly when the dilemmas were based on extreme life situations in combination with a social schema involving close social relationships. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-03869-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=393 [article] Intuitive Moral Reasoning in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Matter of Social Schemas? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / U. M. SCHALLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; T. FANGMEIER, Auteur ; L. TEBARTZ VAN ELST, Auteur ; R. RAUH, Auteur . - p.1807-1824. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-5 (May 2019) . - p.1807-1824 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Dual-process theory  Empathy  Moral  Moral cognition  Moral dilemma  Moral reasoning  Schema theory  Social schema  Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Using a schema-theoretical perspective in the field of moral cognition, we assessed response behavior of adolescent (n = 15) and adult (n = 22) individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in comparison with adolescent (n = 22) and adult (n = 22) neurotypically developed controls. We conceptualized the Intuitive Moral Reasoning Test-in five moral dilemmas, participants had to choose between two alternative actions and assess their decision with respect to emotional valence, arousal, moral acceptability and permissibility from both the perspective of the acting person and then of the victim. Patients with ASD displayed a different decision and response behavior, particularly when the dilemmas were based on extreme life situations in combination with a social schema involving close social relationships. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-03869-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=393

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