Atypical Topographical Organization of Global Form and Motion Processing in 5-Month-Old Infants at Risk for Autism / Pär NYSTRÖM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.364-370 Titre : Atypical Topographical Organization of Global Form and Motion Processing in 5-Month-Old Infants at Risk for Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Emily JONES, Auteur ; Fahimeh DARKI, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.364-370 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Developmental disorders  Eeg  Global coherence  Infants  Motion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research indicates that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are superior at local processing while the integration of local features to global percepts is reduced. Here, we compared infants at familiar risk for ASD to typically developing infants in terms of global coherence processing at 5 months of age, using steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP). We found a different topographical organization for global form and motion processing in infants at risk (n?=?50) than in controls (n?=?23). In contrast, activation patterns for local visual change were strikingly similar between groups. Although preliminary, the results represent the first neurophysiological evidence supporting the view that basic atypicalities in perception may play a role in the developmental pathways leading to ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04523-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=438 [article] Atypical Topographical Organization of Global Form and Motion Processing in 5-Month-Old Infants at Risk for Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Emily JONES, Auteur ; Fahimeh DARKI, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.364-370. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.364-370 Mots-clés : Autism  Developmental disorders  Eeg  Global coherence  Infants  Motion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research indicates that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are superior at local processing while the integration of local features to global percepts is reduced. Here, we compared infants at familiar risk for ASD to typically developing infants in terms of global coherence processing at 5 months of age, using steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP). We found a different topographical organization for global form and motion processing in infants at risk (n?=?50) than in controls (n?=?23). In contrast, activation patterns for local visual change were strikingly similar between groups. Although preliminary, the results represent the first neurophysiological evidence supporting the view that basic atypicalities in perception may play a role in the developmental pathways leading to ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04523-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=438

Hypersensitive pupillary light reflex in infants at risk for autism / Pär NYSTRÖM in Molecular Autism, (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (March 2015) . - p.1-6 Titre : Hypersensitive pupillary light reflex in infants at risk for autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Gustaf GREDEBACK, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-6 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Post mortem brain tissue data and animal modeling work indicate cholinergic disruptions in autism. Moreover, the cholinergic system plays a key role in the early neurodevelopmental processes believed to be derailed early in life in individuals with the disorder. Yet, there is no data from human infants supporting a developmentally important role of this neurotransmitter system. Because the pupillary light reflex depends largely on cholinergic synaptic transmission, we assessed this reflex in a sample of infants at risk for autism as well as infants at low (average) risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-015-0011-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=277 [article] Hypersensitive pupillary light reflex in infants at risk for autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Gustaf GREDEBACK, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.1-6. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (March 2015) . - p.1-6 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Post mortem brain tissue data and animal modeling work indicate cholinergic disruptions in autism. Moreover, the cholinergic system plays a key role in the early neurodevelopmental processes believed to be derailed early in life in individuals with the disorder. Yet, there is no data from human infants supporting a developmentally important role of this neurotransmitter system. Because the pupillary light reflex depends largely on cholinergic synaptic transmission, we assessed this reflex in a sample of infants at risk for autism as well as infants at low (average) risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-015-0011-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=277

Infant responses to direct gaze and associations to autism: A live eye-tracking study / Pär NYSTRÖM ; Giorgia BUSSU ; Sven BÖLTE ; Terje FALCK-YTTER in Autism, 28-7 (July 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-7 (July 2024) . - p.1677-1689 Titre : Infant responses to direct gaze and associations to autism: A live eye-tracking study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Giorgia BUSSU, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1677-1689 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  direct gaze  infant development  live eye tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Being looked at is an important communicative signal, and attenuated responses to such direct gaze have been suggested as an early sign of autism. Using live eye tracking, we examined whether direct gaze elicits different gaze responses in infants at ages 10, 14 and 18?months with and without later autism in real-life interaction. The sample consisted of 169 infants: 35 with elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis, 94 without subsequent diagnosis and 40 with typical likelihood of autism. Infants in all groups tended to look more towards the adult?s face shortly after the direct gaze occurred. Neither how much nor how quickly the infants responded to the direct gaze differentiated the without elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis and with elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis groups. Infants in the typical likelihood group looked more at the face after the direct-gaze event than infants in the two elevated likelihood groups, but this result is tentative. In an exploratory analysis, infants in the elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis group looked away quicker from faces with direct gaze than infants in the typical likelihood group, but this measure did not correlate with dimensional autism or differentiate between the two elevated likelihood groups. The current results suggest that attenuated behavioural responses to direct gaze in infancy are neither strong nor specific early markers of autism. Lay abstract When other people look directly towards us, we often respond by looking back at them, and such direct-gaze responses are important for establishing eye contact. Atypical eye contact is common in autism, but how and when this aspect of autism develops is not well understood. Here, we studied whether how much and how quickly infants respond to others' direct gaze is associated with autism in toddlerhood. We did this by measuring direct-gaze responses in a playful social interaction using live eye tracking. The study included 169 infants, of whom 129 had an elevated likelihood of developing autism due to having a first-degree family member with the condition, and 40 with typical likelihood of autism. In the elevated likelihood group, 35 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 3?years of age, and 94 were not. The results showed that infants in all three groups tended to increase their looking towards the adult?s face after the adult looked directly at them. However, neither how much nor how quickly the infants responded to direct gaze by looking back at the adult reliably differentiated the infants with or without subsequent autism. While infants in the elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis group tended to look away quicker from faces with direct gaze than infants in the typical likelihood group, this measure did not differentiate between the two elevated likelihood groups. We interpret the results as supporting the view that atypical direct-gaze responses are not early markers of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231203037 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=531 [article] Infant responses to direct gaze and associations to autism: A live eye-tracking study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Giorgia BUSSU, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.1677-1689. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-7 (July 2024) . - p.1677-1689 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  direct gaze  infant development  live eye tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Being looked at is an important communicative signal, and attenuated responses to such direct gaze have been suggested as an early sign of autism. Using live eye tracking, we examined whether direct gaze elicits different gaze responses in infants at ages 10, 14 and 18?months with and without later autism in real-life interaction. The sample consisted of 169 infants: 35 with elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis, 94 without subsequent diagnosis and 40 with typical likelihood of autism. Infants in all groups tended to look more towards the adult?s face shortly after the direct gaze occurred. Neither how much nor how quickly the infants responded to the direct gaze differentiated the without elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis and with elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis groups. Infants in the typical likelihood group looked more at the face after the direct-gaze event than infants in the two elevated likelihood groups, but this result is tentative. In an exploratory analysis, infants in the elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis group looked away quicker from faces with direct gaze than infants in the typical likelihood group, but this measure did not correlate with dimensional autism or differentiate between the two elevated likelihood groups. The current results suggest that attenuated behavioural responses to direct gaze in infancy are neither strong nor specific early markers of autism. Lay abstract When other people look directly towards us, we often respond by looking back at them, and such direct-gaze responses are important for establishing eye contact. Atypical eye contact is common in autism, but how and when this aspect of autism develops is not well understood. Here, we studied whether how much and how quickly infants respond to others' direct gaze is associated with autism in toddlerhood. We did this by measuring direct-gaze responses in a playful social interaction using live eye tracking. The study included 169 infants, of whom 129 had an elevated likelihood of developing autism due to having a first-degree family member with the condition, and 40 with typical likelihood of autism. In the elevated likelihood group, 35 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 3?years of age, and 94 were not. The results showed that infants in all three groups tended to increase their looking towards the adult?s face after the adult looked directly at them. However, neither how much nor how quickly the infants responded to direct gaze by looking back at the adult reliably differentiated the infants with or without subsequent autism. While infants in the elevated likelihood of autism and subsequent diagnosis group tended to look away quicker from faces with direct gaze than infants in the typical likelihood group, this measure did not differentiate between the two elevated likelihood groups. We interpret the results as supporting the view that atypical direct-gaze responses are not early markers of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231203037 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=531

Larger pupil dilation to nonsocial sounds in infants with subsequent autism diagnosis / Maja RUDLING in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-7 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-7 (July 2022) . - p.793-801 Titre : Larger pupil dilation to nonsocial sounds in infants with subsequent autism diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maja RUDLING, Auteur ; Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.793-801 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention/physiology  Auditory Perception/physiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Infant  Pupil/physiology  Autism spectrum disorder  auditory attention  infancy  pupil dilation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Studies of infants with an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder can identify basic developmental processes that are associated with subsequently emerging clinical symptoms. Atypical responsiveness to sounds in infancy is such a potential early marker of autism. Here, we used pupillometry to quantify reactivity to social and nonsocial sounds in infants with a subsequent diagnosis. Previous research suggest that pupil dilation reflects attentional alerting, and link it to the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system. METHODS: We measured pupil dilation responses to child-directed speech and the sound of running water; sounds infants often hear in their everyday life. The final sample consisted of 99 ten-month-old infants (52 girls), of whom 68 had an elevated likelihood of autism and 31 were typically developing low-likelihood infants. At follow-up (36?months of age), 18 children in the elevated-likelihood group were diagnosed with autism. RESULTS: Compared to infants without diagnosis, the infants who were subsequently diagnosed with autism had larger pupil dilation when listening to nonsocial sounds, while reactivity to speech was strikingly similar between groups. In the total sample, more pupil dilation to the nonsocial sound was associated with higher levels of autistic symptoms. We also found that on a trial-by-trial basis, across all conditions and groups, more pupil dilation was associated with making fewer gaze shifts. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not find evidence of atypical pupillary reactivity to child-directed speech early in life in autism. Instead, the results suggest that certain nonsocial sounds elicit atypically strong alerting responses in infants with a subsequent autism diagnosis. These findings may have important theoretical and clinical implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Larger pupil dilation to nonsocial sounds in infants with subsequent autism diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maja RUDLING, Auteur ; Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.793-801. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-7 (July 2022) . - p.793-801 Mots-clés : Attention/physiology  Auditory Perception/physiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Infant  Pupil/physiology  Autism spectrum disorder  auditory attention  infancy  pupil dilation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Studies of infants with an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder can identify basic developmental processes that are associated with subsequently emerging clinical symptoms. Atypical responsiveness to sounds in infancy is such a potential early marker of autism. Here, we used pupillometry to quantify reactivity to social and nonsocial sounds in infants with a subsequent diagnosis. Previous research suggest that pupil dilation reflects attentional alerting, and link it to the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system. METHODS: We measured pupil dilation responses to child-directed speech and the sound of running water; sounds infants often hear in their everyday life. The final sample consisted of 99 ten-month-old infants (52 girls), of whom 68 had an elevated likelihood of autism and 31 were typically developing low-likelihood infants. At follow-up (36?months of age), 18 children in the elevated-likelihood group were diagnosed with autism. RESULTS: Compared to infants without diagnosis, the infants who were subsequently diagnosed with autism had larger pupil dilation when listening to nonsocial sounds, while reactivity to speech was strikingly similar between groups. In the total sample, more pupil dilation to the nonsocial sound was associated with higher levels of autistic symptoms. We also found that on a trial-by-trial basis, across all conditions and groups, more pupil dilation was associated with making fewer gaze shifts. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not find evidence of atypical pupillary reactivity to child-directed speech early in life in autism. Instead, the results suggest that certain nonsocial sounds elicit atypically strong alerting responses in infants with a subsequent autism diagnosis. These findings may have important theoretical and clinical implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Motor atypicalities in infancy are associated with general developmental level at 2 years, but not autistic symptoms / Sheila ACHERMANN in Autism, 24-7 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-7 (October 2020) . - p.1650-1663 Titre : Motor atypicalities in infancy are associated with general developmental level at 2 years, but not autistic symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sheila ACHERMANN, Auteur ; Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1650-1663 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *autism spectrum disorder  *infancy  *interceptive action skills  *motion capture technology  *motor development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypicalities in motor functioning are often observed in later born infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. The goal of our study was to investigate motor functioning in infants with and without familial history of autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, we investigated how infants catch a ball that is rolling toward them following a non-straight path, a task that requires both efficient planning and execution. Their performance was measured using detailed three-dimensional motion capture technology. We found that several early motor functioning measures were different in infants with an older autistic sibling compared to controls. However, these early motor measures were not related to autistic symptoms at the age of 2 years. Instead, we found that some of the early motor measures were related to their subsequent non-social, general development. The findings of our study help us understand motor functioning early in life and how motor functioning is related to other aspects of development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320918745 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Motor atypicalities in infancy are associated with general developmental level at 2 years, but not autistic symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sheila ACHERMANN, Auteur ; Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.1650-1663. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-7 (October 2020) . - p.1650-1663 Mots-clés : *autism spectrum disorder  *infancy  *interceptive action skills  *motion capture technology  *motor development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypicalities in motor functioning are often observed in later born infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. The goal of our study was to investigate motor functioning in infants with and without familial history of autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, we investigated how infants catch a ball that is rolling toward them following a non-straight path, a task that requires both efficient planning and execution. Their performance was measured using detailed three-dimensional motion capture technology. We found that several early motor functioning measures were different in infants with an older autistic sibling compared to controls. However, these early motor measures were not related to autistic symptoms at the age of 2 years. Instead, we found that some of the early motor measures were related to their subsequent non-social, general development. The findings of our study help us understand motor functioning early in life and how motor functioning is related to other aspects of development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320918745 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

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