Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism / Kirsten O'HEARN in Autism Research, 9-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.82-96 Titre : Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Katerina VELANOVA, Auteur ; Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Catherine WRIGHT, Auteur ; Michael HALLQUIST, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.82-96 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  fMRI  parietal  number  subitizing  counting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that adults with autism display a decreased capacity when rapidly enumerating small sets of elements (i.e., subitizing), compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. This ability is crucial for fundamental visual functions such as object individuation and parallel processing. Thus, the deficit in autism suggests limits in these skills. To examine the neural basis of this limitation, adults with and without high functioning autism rapidly enumerated 1 to 8 randomly located squares during a neuroimaging study. Typically, adults are thought to use parallel visual processes to quantify up to three or four elements, and serial processes to enumerate more (5+) elements. We hypothesized that parietal lobe regions associated with counting would be recruited with smaller sets of elements in adults with autism, compared to TD adults. Consistent with this hypothesis, activation in parietal regions increased with smaller set sizes in adults with autism compared to TD adults. Increased activation for three elements was evident in several regions, including those thought to underlie subitizing. In addition, regions specific to the counting range in TD adults were often equally active for set sizes in the subitizing range in the adults with autism. Finally, significant deactivation was evident in TD adults, presumably reflecting relative suppression of regions specialized for competing processes, but was not apparent in adults with autism. These differences in brain function in adults with autism on a simple enumeration task suggest atypical brain organization and function that is likely to impact most visual tasks, especially those with multiple elements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1498 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Abnormalities in brain systems supporting individuation and enumeration in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur ; Katerina VELANOVA, Auteur ; Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Catherine WRIGHT, Auteur ; Michael HALLQUIST, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur . - p.82-96. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.82-96 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  fMRI  parietal  number  subitizing  counting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that adults with autism display a decreased capacity when rapidly enumerating small sets of elements (i.e., subitizing), compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. This ability is crucial for fundamental visual functions such as object individuation and parallel processing. Thus, the deficit in autism suggests limits in these skills. To examine the neural basis of this limitation, adults with and without high functioning autism rapidly enumerated 1 to 8 randomly located squares during a neuroimaging study. Typically, adults are thought to use parallel visual processes to quantify up to three or four elements, and serial processes to enumerate more (5+) elements. We hypothesized that parietal lobe regions associated with counting would be recruited with smaller sets of elements in adults with autism, compared to TD adults. Consistent with this hypothesis, activation in parietal regions increased with smaller set sizes in adults with autism compared to TD adults. Increased activation for three elements was evident in several regions, including those thought to underlie subitizing. In addition, regions specific to the counting range in TD adults were often equally active for set sizes in the subitizing range in the adults with autism. Finally, significant deactivation was evident in TD adults, presumably reflecting relative suppression of regions specialized for competing processes, but was not apparent in adults with autism. These differences in brain function in adults with autism on a simple enumeration task suggest atypical brain organization and function that is likely to impact most visual tasks, especially those with multiple elements. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1498 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder / Andrew LYNN in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.881-891 Titre : Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.881-891 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Cognition  Humans  Memory, Short-Term  attention  autism  child development  visual processing  working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical visual processing and deficits in working memory (WM). Visual WM performance typically improves between childhood and adulthood, but such improvement may be atypical in ASD. To better understand how visual WM develops, we used a well-established change detection task across multiple visual features. We examined visual WM for color, shape, and pattern in children, adolescents, and adults with and without ASD. VWM capacity and performance for all visual features improved across age similarly for both the TD and ASD groups. While performance was better on set size 4 trials than set size 8 trials for color, shape, and no change trials, such an effect was not evident for pattern change trials. Overall, the present findings suggest that VWM for different visual features may be intact across development in ASD. The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (WM) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in ASD. We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, and pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. LAY SUMMARY: The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (working memory [WM]) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2683 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrew LYNN, Auteur ; Beatriz LUNA, Auteur ; Kirsten O'HEARN, Auteur . - p.881-891. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.881-891 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Child  Cognition  Humans  Memory, Short-Term  attention  autism  child development  visual processing  working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical visual processing and deficits in working memory (WM). Visual WM performance typically improves between childhood and adulthood, but such improvement may be atypical in ASD. To better understand how visual WM develops, we used a well-established change detection task across multiple visual features. We examined visual WM for color, shape, and pattern in children, adolescents, and adults with and without ASD. VWM capacity and performance for all visual features improved across age similarly for both the TD and ASD groups. While performance was better on set size 4 trials than set size 8 trials for color, shape, and no change trials, such an effect was not evident for pattern change trials. Overall, the present findings suggest that VWM for different visual features may be intact across development in ASD. The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (WM) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in ASD. We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, and pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. LAY SUMMARY: The ability to hold multiple objects in mind (working memory [WM]) improves across typical development, but it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found that developmental improvements in WM for different types of object details (e.g., color, shape, pattern) is generally similar for both ASD and typical development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2683 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

---

1 (1 - 2 / 2)