Do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Benefit from Structural Alignment When Constructing Categories? / S. SNAPE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-9 (September 2018) . - p.2912-2924 Titre : Do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Benefit from Structural Alignment When Constructing Categories? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. SNAPE, Auteur ; A. KROTT, Auteur ; J. P. MCCLEERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2912-2924 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  Autism  Category learning  Language learning  Structural alignment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with ASD seem to construct categories via processes different to typically developing individuals. We examined whether individuals with ASD engage in structural alignment of exemplars when constructing categories. We taught children with ASD and typically developing children novel nouns for either single or multiple exemplars, and then examined their extensions of the learned nouns to objects that were either a perceptual or conceptual match to the original exemplar(s). Results indicated that, unlike typically developing participants, those with ASD gained no benefit from seeing multiple exemplars of the category and, thus, did not appear to engage in structural alignment in their formation of categories. However, they demonstrated superior performance compared to typically developing children when presented with a single exemplar. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3551-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367 [article] Do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Benefit from Structural Alignment When Constructing Categories? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. SNAPE, Auteur ; A. KROTT, Auteur ; J. P. MCCLEERY, Auteur . - p.2912-2924. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-9 (September 2018) . - p.2912-2924 Mots-clés : Asd  Autism  Category learning  Language learning  Structural alignment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with ASD seem to construct categories via processes different to typically developing individuals. We examined whether individuals with ASD engage in structural alignment of exemplars when constructing categories. We taught children with ASD and typically developing children novel nouns for either single or multiple exemplars, and then examined their extensions of the learned nouns to objects that were either a perceptual or conceptual match to the original exemplar(s). Results indicated that, unlike typically developing participants, those with ASD gained no benefit from seeing multiple exemplars of the category and, thus, did not appear to engage in structural alignment in their formation of categories. However, they demonstrated superior performance compared to typically developing children when presented with a single exemplar. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3551-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367

Face scanning and spontaneous emotion preference in Cornelia de Lange syndrome and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome / Hayley CRAWFORD in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.22 Titre : Face scanning and spontaneous emotion preference in Cornelia de Lange syndrome and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hayley CRAWFORD, Auteur ; J. MOSS, Auteur ; J. P. MCCLEERY, Auteur ; George M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; C. OLIVER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.22 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cornelia de Lange syndrome  Emotion preference  Eye gaze  Eye-tracking  Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Existing literature suggests differences in face scanning in individuals with different socio-behavioural characteristics. Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) are two genetically defined neurodevelopmental disorders with unique profiles of social behaviour. METHODS: Here, we examine eye gaze to the eye and mouth regions of neutrally expressive faces, as well as the spontaneous visual preference for happy and disgusted facial expressions compared to neutral faces, in individuals with CdLS versus RTS. RESULTS: Results indicate that the amount of time spent looking at the eye and mouth regions of faces was similar in 15 individuals with CdLS and 17 individuals with RTS. Both participant groups also showed a similar pattern of spontaneous visual preference for emotions. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide insight into two rare, genetically defined neurodevelopmental disorders that have been reported to exhibit contrasting socio-behavioural characteristics and suggest that differences in social behaviour may not be sufficient to predict attention to the eye region of faces. These results also suggest that differences in the social behaviours of these two groups may be cognitively mediated rather than subcortically mediated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9119-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347 [article] Face scanning and spontaneous emotion preference in Cornelia de Lange syndrome and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hayley CRAWFORD, Auteur ; J. MOSS, Auteur ; J. P. MCCLEERY, Auteur ; George M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; C. OLIVER, Auteur . - p.22. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.22 Mots-clés : Cornelia de Lange syndrome  Emotion preference  Eye gaze  Eye-tracking  Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Existing literature suggests differences in face scanning in individuals with different socio-behavioural characteristics. Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) are two genetically defined neurodevelopmental disorders with unique profiles of social behaviour. METHODS: Here, we examine eye gaze to the eye and mouth regions of neutrally expressive faces, as well as the spontaneous visual preference for happy and disgusted facial expressions compared to neutral faces, in individuals with CdLS versus RTS. RESULTS: Results indicate that the amount of time spent looking at the eye and mouth regions of faces was similar in 15 individuals with CdLS and 17 individuals with RTS. Both participant groups also showed a similar pattern of spontaneous visual preference for emotions. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide insight into two rare, genetically defined neurodevelopmental disorders that have been reported to exhibit contrasting socio-behavioural characteristics and suggest that differences in social behaviour may not be sufficient to predict attention to the eye region of faces. These results also suggest that differences in the social behaviours of these two groups may be cognitively mediated rather than subcortically mediated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9119-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347

A pilot community-based randomized comparison of speech generating devices and the picture exchange communication system for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder / S. P. GILROY in Autism Research, 11-12 (December 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-12 (December 2018) . - p.1701-1711 Titre : A pilot community-based randomized comparison of speech generating devices and the picture exchange communication system for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. P. GILROY, Auteur ; G. LEADER, Auteur ; J. P. MCCLEERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1701-1711 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : augmentative and alternative communication  autism spectrum disorder  picture exchange communication system  technology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A pilot community-based randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to a teaching sequence using a high-tech Speech Generating Device (SGD) to teach social communication behaviors. The two approaches were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the newer, more high-tech intervention using technology to improve social and communicative behavior of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A total of 35 school-age children were randomized to either a high-tech (SGD device) or low-tech (PECS cards) form of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). Study participants received 4 months of communication training delivered in their classrooms, and the primary outcome measures of the trial were several functional communication skills emphasized in the PECS teaching sequence. Results indicated that both high-tech and low-tech AAC approaches resulted in significant improvements in communication, and that these improvements did not differ significantly between the two approaches. These findings support the use of high-tech AAC, and highlight the need for evidence-based guidelines for its use as well as evaluation with individuals with a range impairments and disabilities. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1701-1711. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study compared the effectiveness of a free and open-source app for teaching social and communicative behavior to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to traditional picture card approaches. Thirty-five children with ASD were randomized to a picture card or app-based intervention and both treatment approaches resulted in significant improvements in social and communicative behavior. These data indicated that both "high-tech" and "low-tech" interventions were effective for improving behavior and that there was not a significant difference between the two approaches. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=372 [article] A pilot community-based randomized comparison of speech generating devices and the picture exchange communication system for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. P. GILROY, Auteur ; G. LEADER, Auteur ; J. P. MCCLEERY, Auteur . - p.1701-1711. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-12 (December 2018) . - p.1701-1711 Mots-clés : augmentative and alternative communication  autism spectrum disorder  picture exchange communication system  technology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A pilot community-based randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to a teaching sequence using a high-tech Speech Generating Device (SGD) to teach social communication behaviors. The two approaches were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the newer, more high-tech intervention using technology to improve social and communicative behavior of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A total of 35 school-age children were randomized to either a high-tech (SGD device) or low-tech (PECS cards) form of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). Study participants received 4 months of communication training delivered in their classrooms, and the primary outcome measures of the trial were several functional communication skills emphasized in the PECS teaching sequence. Results indicated that both high-tech and low-tech AAC approaches resulted in significant improvements in communication, and that these improvements did not differ significantly between the two approaches. These findings support the use of high-tech AAC, and highlight the need for evidence-based guidelines for its use as well as evaluation with individuals with a range impairments and disabilities. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1701-1711. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study compared the effectiveness of a free and open-source app for teaching social and communicative behavior to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to traditional picture card approaches. Thirty-five children with ASD were randomized to a picture card or app-based intervention and both treatment approaches resulted in significant improvements in social and communicative behavior. These data indicated that both "high-tech" and "low-tech" interventions were effective for improving behavior and that there was not a significant difference between the two approaches. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=372

Visual preference for social stimuli in individuals with autism or neurodevelopmental disorders: an eye-tracking study / Hayley CRAWFORD in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 24p. Titre : Visual preference for social stimuli in individuals with autism or neurodevelopmental disorders: an eye-tracking study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hayley CRAWFORD, Auteur ; J. MOSS, Auteur ; C. OLIVER, Auteur ; N. ELLIOTT, Auteur ; George M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; J. P. MCCLEERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 24p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Case-Control Studies  De Lange Syndrome/physiopathology  Eye Movements/physiology  Female  Fragile X Syndrome/physiopathology  Humans  Male  Photic Stimulation  Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome/physiopathology  Social Behavior  Visual Perception/physiology  Autism spectrum disorder  Cornelia de Lange syndrome  Eye-tracking  Fragile X syndrome  Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome  Social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research has identified differences in relative attention to competing social versus non-social video stimuli in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Whether attentional allocation is influenced by the potential threat of stimuli has yet to be investigated. This is manipulated in the current study by the extent to which the stimuli are moving towards or moving past the viewer. Furthermore, little is known about whether such differences exist across other neurodevelopmental disorders. This study aims to determine if adolescents with ASD demonstrate differences in attentional allocation to competing pairs of social and non-social video stimuli, where the actor or object either moves towards or moves past the viewer, in comparison to individuals without ASD, and to determine if individuals with three genetic syndromes associated with differing social phenotypes demonstrate differences in attentional allocation to the same stimuli. METHODS: In study 1, adolescents with ASD and control participants were presented with social and non-social video stimuli in two formats (moving towards or moving past the viewer) whilst their eye movements were recorded. This paradigm was then employed with groups of individuals with fragile X, Cornelia de Lange, and Rubinstein-Taybi syndromes who were matched with one another on chronological age, global adaptive behaviour, and verbal adaptive behaviour (study 2). RESULTS: Adolescents with ASD demonstrated reduced looking-time to social versus non-social videos only when stimuli were moving towards them. Individuals in the three genetic syndrome groups showed similar looking-time but differences in fixation latency for social stimuli moving towards them. Across both studies, we observed within- and between-group differences in attention to social stimuli that were moving towards versus moving past the viewer. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results provide strong evidence to suggest differential visual attention to competing social versus non-social video stimuli in populations with clinically relevant, genetically mediated differences in socio-behavioural phenotypes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0084-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 [article] Visual preference for social stimuli in individuals with autism or neurodevelopmental disorders: an eye-tracking study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hayley CRAWFORD, Auteur ; J. MOSS, Auteur ; C. OLIVER, Auteur ; N. ELLIOTT, Auteur ; George M. ANDERSON, Auteur ; J. P. MCCLEERY, Auteur . - 24p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 24p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Case-Control Studies  De Lange Syndrome/physiopathology  Eye Movements/physiology  Female  Fragile X Syndrome/physiopathology  Humans  Male  Photic Stimulation  Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome/physiopathology  Social Behavior  Visual Perception/physiology  Autism spectrum disorder  Cornelia de Lange syndrome  Eye-tracking  Fragile X syndrome  Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome  Social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research has identified differences in relative attention to competing social versus non-social video stimuli in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Whether attentional allocation is influenced by the potential threat of stimuli has yet to be investigated. This is manipulated in the current study by the extent to which the stimuli are moving towards or moving past the viewer. Furthermore, little is known about whether such differences exist across other neurodevelopmental disorders. This study aims to determine if adolescents with ASD demonstrate differences in attentional allocation to competing pairs of social and non-social video stimuli, where the actor or object either moves towards or moves past the viewer, in comparison to individuals without ASD, and to determine if individuals with three genetic syndromes associated with differing social phenotypes demonstrate differences in attentional allocation to the same stimuli. METHODS: In study 1, adolescents with ASD and control participants were presented with social and non-social video stimuli in two formats (moving towards or moving past the viewer) whilst their eye movements were recorded. This paradigm was then employed with groups of individuals with fragile X, Cornelia de Lange, and Rubinstein-Taybi syndromes who were matched with one another on chronological age, global adaptive behaviour, and verbal adaptive behaviour (study 2). RESULTS: Adolescents with ASD demonstrated reduced looking-time to social versus non-social videos only when stimuli were moving towards them. Individuals in the three genetic syndrome groups showed similar looking-time but differences in fixation latency for social stimuli moving towards them. Across both studies, we observed within- and between-group differences in attention to social stimuli that were moving towards versus moving past the viewer. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results provide strong evidence to suggest differential visual attention to competing social versus non-social video stimuli in populations with clinically relevant, genetically mediated differences in socio-behavioural phenotypes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0084-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328

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