Altered functional organization within the insular cortex in adult males with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: evidence from connectivity-based parcellation / T. YAMADA in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 41p. Titre : Altered functional organization within the insular cortex in adult males with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: evidence from connectivity-based parcellation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. YAMADA, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; H. WATANABE, Auteur ; M. KURODA, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; C. KANAI, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 41p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Brain Mapping/methods  Case-Control Studies  Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Cluster Analysis  Functional Laterality  Humans  Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Middle Aged  Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Autism spectrum disorder  Connectivity-based functional parcellation  Insula  Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The insular cortex comprises multiple functionally differentiated sub-regions, each of which has different patterns of connectivity with other brain regions. Such diverse connectivity patterns are thought to underlie a wide range of insular functions, including cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor processing, many of which are abnormal in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although past neuroimaging studies of ASD have shown structural and functional abnormalities in the insula, possible alterations in the sub-regional organization of the insula and the functional characteristics of each sub-region have not been examined in the ASD brain. METHODS: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from 36 adult males with ASD and 38 matched typically developed (TD) controls. A data-driven clustering analysis was applied to rs-fMRI data of voxels in the left and right insula to automatically group voxels with similar intrinsic connectivity pattern into a cluster. After determining the optimal number of clusters based on information theoretic measures of variation of information and mutual information, functional parcellation patterns in both the left and the right insula were compared between the TD and ASD groups. Furthermore, functional profiles of each sub-region were meta-analytically decoded using Neurosynth and were compared between the groups. RESULTS: We observed notable alterations in the anterior sector of the left insula and the middle ventral sub-region of the right insula in the ASD brain. Meta-analytic decoding revealed that whereas the anterior sector of the left insula contained two functionally differentiated sub-regions for cognitive, sensorimotor, and emotional/affective functions in TD brain, only a single functional cluster for cognitive and sensorimotor functions was identified in the anterior sector in the ASD brain. In the right insula, the middle ventral sub-region, which is primarily specialized for sensory- and auditory-related functions, showed a significant volumetric increase in the ASD brain compared with the TD brain. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate an altered organization of sub-regions in specific parts of the left and right insula of the ASD brain. The alterations in the left and right insula may constitute neural substrates underlying abnormalities in emotional/affective and sensory functions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0106-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 [article] Altered functional organization within the insular cortex in adult males with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: evidence from connectivity-based parcellation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. YAMADA, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; H. WATANABE, Auteur ; M. KURODA, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; C. KANAI, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur . - 41p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 41p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Brain Mapping/methods  Case-Control Studies  Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Cluster Analysis  Functional Laterality  Humans  Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Middle Aged  Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Autism spectrum disorder  Connectivity-based functional parcellation  Insula  Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The insular cortex comprises multiple functionally differentiated sub-regions, each of which has different patterns of connectivity with other brain regions. Such diverse connectivity patterns are thought to underlie a wide range of insular functions, including cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor processing, many of which are abnormal in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although past neuroimaging studies of ASD have shown structural and functional abnormalities in the insula, possible alterations in the sub-regional organization of the insula and the functional characteristics of each sub-region have not been examined in the ASD brain. METHODS: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from 36 adult males with ASD and 38 matched typically developed (TD) controls. A data-driven clustering analysis was applied to rs-fMRI data of voxels in the left and right insula to automatically group voxels with similar intrinsic connectivity pattern into a cluster. After determining the optimal number of clusters based on information theoretic measures of variation of information and mutual information, functional parcellation patterns in both the left and the right insula were compared between the TD and ASD groups. Furthermore, functional profiles of each sub-region were meta-analytically decoded using Neurosynth and were compared between the groups. RESULTS: We observed notable alterations in the anterior sector of the left insula and the middle ventral sub-region of the right insula in the ASD brain. Meta-analytic decoding revealed that whereas the anterior sector of the left insula contained two functionally differentiated sub-regions for cognitive, sensorimotor, and emotional/affective functions in TD brain, only a single functional cluster for cognitive and sensorimotor functions was identified in the anterior sector in the ASD brain. In the right insula, the middle ventral sub-region, which is primarily specialized for sensory- and auditory-related functions, showed a significant volumetric increase in the ASD brain compared with the TD brain. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate an altered organization of sub-regions in specific parts of the left and right insula of the ASD brain. The alterations in the left and right insula may constitute neural substrates underlying abnormalities in emotional/affective and sensory functions in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0106-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329

Attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in patients with autism spectrum disorder / J. FUJINO in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 45p. Titre : Attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in patients with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. FUJINO, Auteur ; S. TEI, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; C. KANAI, Auteur ; R. OKADA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : 45p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ambiguity  Autism spectrum disorder  Decision-making  Gain  Loss  Risk  Uncertainty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although the ability to make optimal decisions under uncertainty is an integral part of everyday life, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently report that they experience difficulties with this skill. In behavioral economics, researchers distinguish two types of uncertainty to understand decision-making in this setting: risk (known probabilities) and ambiguity (unknown probabilities). However, it remains unclear how individuals with ASD behave under risk and ambiguity, despite growing evidence of their altered decision-making under uncertainty. We therefore extended previous research by studying the attitudes of those with ASD toward risk and ambiguity in both positive and negative contexts (i.e., gain and loss). In gain contexts, no significant difference was observed between the groups in risk attitudes, but ambiguity aversion was attenuated in ASD. In loss contexts, ambiguity attitudes did not significantly differ between the groups, but the ASD participants were less risk-seeking compared with the controls. In addition, insensitivity to the context change under risk and ambiguity in ASD was both significantly associated with poor social skills. These results improve our understanding of altered decision-making under uncertainty by disentangling the attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in ASD individuals. Applying behavioral economic tools may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying behavioral disturbances in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0162-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 [article] Attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in patients with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. FUJINO, Auteur ; S. TEI, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; C. KANAI, Auteur ; R. OKADA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur . - 45p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 45p. Mots-clés : Ambiguity  Autism spectrum disorder  Decision-making  Gain  Loss  Risk  Uncertainty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although the ability to make optimal decisions under uncertainty is an integral part of everyday life, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently report that they experience difficulties with this skill. In behavioral economics, researchers distinguish two types of uncertainty to understand decision-making in this setting: risk (known probabilities) and ambiguity (unknown probabilities). However, it remains unclear how individuals with ASD behave under risk and ambiguity, despite growing evidence of their altered decision-making under uncertainty. We therefore extended previous research by studying the attitudes of those with ASD toward risk and ambiguity in both positive and negative contexts (i.e., gain and loss). In gain contexts, no significant difference was observed between the groups in risk attitudes, but ambiguity aversion was attenuated in ASD. In loss contexts, ambiguity attitudes did not significantly differ between the groups, but the ASD participants were less risk-seeking compared with the controls. In addition, insensitivity to the context change under risk and ambiguity in ASD was both significantly associated with poor social skills. These results improve our understanding of altered decision-making under uncertainty by disentangling the attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in ASD individuals. Applying behavioral economic tools may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying behavioral disturbances in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0162-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330

Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals / S. TEI in Autism Research, 12-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1598-1608 Titre : Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. TEI, Auteur ; J. FUJINO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; Yuta AOKI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1598-1608 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  decision making  egocentrism  perspective taking  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) often experience difficulty and confusion in acknowledging others' perspectives and arguably exhibit egocentricity. However, whether this egocentricity necessarily results in selfish behavior during social situations remains a matter of debate. To study this relationship, we used computerized visuospatial perspective-taking task (VPT) and social-discounting task (SDT), derived from cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, and examined egocentric and other-oriented judgments in participants with ASCs (mean age 29.0 +/- 4.2 years) and a group of matched typically developing (TD) controls (30.8 +/- 8.5). The response time in VPT showed altered perspective-taking in the ASCs group compared with the TD group that involved in enhanced self-other intrusion and condition-insensitive response. Regardless of self/other perspective judgments, responses were relatively slower and consistent in duration in the ASCs group compared with the TD group. Social discounting was attenuated rather than steep discounting in the ASCs group. Their discounting was comparatively more consistent, irrespective of the task condition (i.e., self-other closeness-level). In effect, ASCs group exhibited more generous decisions than the TD group in this task. Finally, those with more egocentric perspective intrusion in VPT paradoxically showed more generous behaviors in SDT in the ASCs group. Our findings suggest that having ASCs does not always exhibit selfish behavior during interpersonal communication. Reduced flexibility in distinguishing self/other perspective and shifting decision-rules might account for this unique relationship between egocentricity and apparently generous behaviors. These results extend the recent suggestion that more careful attention should be paid to the idea of egocentricity in individuals with ASCs. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We aimed to examine whether seeing the world from another person's point of view and being generous toward other people are related in autistic and nonautistic people. We used a visual perspective-taking task and a social task in which individuals made decisions about how to divide a sum of money with others. Our results suggest that being autistic does not always make someone bad at seeing the world from another's viewpoint, and that autistic people may make fairer social decisions toward unfamiliar people because of lower bias. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2130 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411 [article] Egocentric biases and atypical generosity in autistic individuals [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. TEI, Auteur ; J. FUJINO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; Yuta AOKI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur . - p.1598-1608. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-11 (November 2019) . - p.1598-1608 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  decision making  egocentrism  perspective taking  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) often experience difficulty and confusion in acknowledging others' perspectives and arguably exhibit egocentricity. However, whether this egocentricity necessarily results in selfish behavior during social situations remains a matter of debate. To study this relationship, we used computerized visuospatial perspective-taking task (VPT) and social-discounting task (SDT), derived from cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, and examined egocentric and other-oriented judgments in participants with ASCs (mean age 29.0 +/- 4.2 years) and a group of matched typically developing (TD) controls (30.8 +/- 8.5). The response time in VPT showed altered perspective-taking in the ASCs group compared with the TD group that involved in enhanced self-other intrusion and condition-insensitive response. Regardless of self/other perspective judgments, responses were relatively slower and consistent in duration in the ASCs group compared with the TD group. Social discounting was attenuated rather than steep discounting in the ASCs group. Their discounting was comparatively more consistent, irrespective of the task condition (i.e., self-other closeness-level). In effect, ASCs group exhibited more generous decisions than the TD group in this task. Finally, those with more egocentric perspective intrusion in VPT paradoxically showed more generous behaviors in SDT in the ASCs group. Our findings suggest that having ASCs does not always exhibit selfish behavior during interpersonal communication. Reduced flexibility in distinguishing self/other perspective and shifting decision-rules might account for this unique relationship between egocentricity and apparently generous behaviors. These results extend the recent suggestion that more careful attention should be paid to the idea of egocentricity in individuals with ASCs. Autism Res 2019. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We aimed to examine whether seeing the world from another person's point of view and being generous toward other people are related in autistic and nonautistic people. We used a visual perspective-taking task and a social task in which individuals made decisions about how to divide a sum of money with others. Our results suggest that being autistic does not always make someone bad at seeing the world from another's viewpoint, and that autistic people may make fairer social decisions toward unfamiliar people because of lower bias. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2130 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=411

Sunk Cost Effect in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder / J. FUJINO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-1 (January 2019) . - p.1-10 Titre : Sunk Cost Effect in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. FUJINO, Auteur ; S. TEI, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; Yuta AOKI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; C. KANAI, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Behavioral economics  Decision making  Sunk cost effect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The sunk cost effect, an interesting and well-known decision bias, is pervasive in real life and has been studied in various disciplines. In this study, we modified a task exemplifying the sunk cost effect and used it to evaluate this behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The control group exhibited a typical sunk cost effect in our task. We found that the sunk cost effect was lower in the ASD group than in the control group. The results agree with previous evidence of reduced sensitivity to context stimuli in individuals with ASD and extend this finding to the context of the sunk cost effect. Our findings are useful in addressing the practical implications on their socioeconomic behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3679-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=376 [article] Sunk Cost Effect in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. FUJINO, Auteur ; S. TEI, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; Yuta AOKI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; C. KANAI, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur . - p.1-10. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-1 (January 2019) . - p.1-10 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Behavioral economics  Decision making  Sunk cost effect Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The sunk cost effect, an interesting and well-known decision bias, is pervasive in real life and has been studied in various disciplines. In this study, we modified a task exemplifying the sunk cost effect and used it to evaluate this behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The control group exhibited a typical sunk cost effect in our task. We found that the sunk cost effect was lower in the ASD group than in the control group. The results agree with previous evidence of reduced sensitivity to context stimuli in individuals with ASD and extend this finding to the context of the sunk cost effect. Our findings are useful in addressing the practical implications on their socioeconomic behavior. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3679-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=376

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