30 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Risk'

Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study / E. THORUP in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 12p. Titre : Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. THORUP, Auteur ; P. NYSTROM, Auteur ; G. GREDEBACK, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; T. FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 12p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention/physiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology  Cues  Early Diagnosis  Eye Movements  Family Health  Female  Fixation, Ocular/physiology  Head Movements  Humans  Imitative Behavior/physiology  Infant  Male  Pursuit, Smooth/physiology  Risk  Single-Blind Method  Social Behavior  Social Perception  Autism  Communication  Early development  Gaze following  Joint attention  Neurodevelopmental disorders  Social cognition  Younger siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The ability to follow gaze is an important prerequisite for joint attention, which is often compromised in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The direction of both the head and eyes provides cues to other people's attention direction, but previous studies have not separated these factors and their relation to ASD susceptibility. Development of gaze following typically occurs before ASD diagnosis is possible, and studies of high-risk populations are therefore important. METHODS: Eye tracking was used to assess gaze following during interaction in a group of 10-month-old infants at high familial risk for ASD (high-risk group) as well as a group of infants with no family history of ASD (low-risk group). The infants watched an experimenter gaze at objects in the periphery. Performance was compared across two conditions: one in which the experimenter moved both the eyes and head toward the objects (Eyes and Head condition) and one that involved movement of the eyes only (Eyes Only condition). RESULTS: A group by condition interaction effect was found. Specifically, whereas gaze following accuracy was comparable across the two conditions in the low-risk group, infants in the high-risk group were more likely to follow gaze in the Eyes and Head condition than in the Eyes Only condition. CONCLUSIONS: In an ecologically valid social situation, responses to basic non-verbal orienting cues were found to be altered in infants at risk for ASD. The results indicate that infants at risk for ASD may rely disproportionally on information from the head when following gaze and point to the importance of separating information from the eyes and the head when studying social perception in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0069-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 [article] Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. THORUP, Auteur ; P. NYSTROM, Auteur ; G. GREDEBACK, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; T. FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - 12p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 12p. Mots-clés : Attention/physiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology  Cues  Early Diagnosis  Eye Movements  Family Health  Female  Fixation, Ocular/physiology  Head Movements  Humans  Imitative Behavior/physiology  Infant  Male  Pursuit, Smooth/physiology  Risk  Single-Blind Method  Social Behavior  Social Perception  Autism  Communication  Early development  Gaze following  Joint attention  Neurodevelopmental disorders  Social cognition  Younger siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The ability to follow gaze is an important prerequisite for joint attention, which is often compromised in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The direction of both the head and eyes provides cues to other people's attention direction, but previous studies have not separated these factors and their relation to ASD susceptibility. Development of gaze following typically occurs before ASD diagnosis is possible, and studies of high-risk populations are therefore important. METHODS: Eye tracking was used to assess gaze following during interaction in a group of 10-month-old infants at high familial risk for ASD (high-risk group) as well as a group of infants with no family history of ASD (low-risk group). The infants watched an experimenter gaze at objects in the periphery. Performance was compared across two conditions: one in which the experimenter moved both the eyes and head toward the objects (Eyes and Head condition) and one that involved movement of the eyes only (Eyes Only condition). RESULTS: A group by condition interaction effect was found. Specifically, whereas gaze following accuracy was comparable across the two conditions in the low-risk group, infants in the high-risk group were more likely to follow gaze in the Eyes and Head condition than in the Eyes Only condition. CONCLUSIONS: In an ecologically valid social situation, responses to basic non-verbal orienting cues were found to be altered in infants at risk for ASD. The results indicate that infants at risk for ASD may rely disproportionally on information from the head when following gaze and point to the importance of separating information from the eyes and the head when studying social perception in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0069-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329

Attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in patients with autism spectrum disorder / J. FUJINO in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 45p. Titre : Attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in patients with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. FUJINO, Auteur ; S. TEI, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; C. KANAI, Auteur ; R. OKADA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : 45p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ambiguity  Autism spectrum disorder  Decision-making  Gain  Loss  Risk  Uncertainty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although the ability to make optimal decisions under uncertainty is an integral part of everyday life, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently report that they experience difficulties with this skill. In behavioral economics, researchers distinguish two types of uncertainty to understand decision-making in this setting: risk (known probabilities) and ambiguity (unknown probabilities). However, it remains unclear how individuals with ASD behave under risk and ambiguity, despite growing evidence of their altered decision-making under uncertainty. We therefore extended previous research by studying the attitudes of those with ASD toward risk and ambiguity in both positive and negative contexts (i.e., gain and loss). In gain contexts, no significant difference was observed between the groups in risk attitudes, but ambiguity aversion was attenuated in ASD. In loss contexts, ambiguity attitudes did not significantly differ between the groups, but the ASD participants were less risk-seeking compared with the controls. In addition, insensitivity to the context change under risk and ambiguity in ASD was both significantly associated with poor social skills. These results improve our understanding of altered decision-making under uncertainty by disentangling the attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in ASD individuals. Applying behavioral economic tools may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying behavioral disturbances in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0162-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 [article] Attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in patients with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. FUJINO, Auteur ; S. TEI, Auteur ; R. I. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; T. ITAHASHI, Auteur ; H. OHTA, Auteur ; C. KANAI, Auteur ; R. OKADA, Auteur ; M. KUBOTA, Auteur ; M. NAKAMURA, Auteur ; N. KATO, Auteur ; H. TAKAHASHI, Auteur . - 45p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 45p. Mots-clés : Ambiguity  Autism spectrum disorder  Decision-making  Gain  Loss  Risk  Uncertainty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although the ability to make optimal decisions under uncertainty is an integral part of everyday life, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently report that they experience difficulties with this skill. In behavioral economics, researchers distinguish two types of uncertainty to understand decision-making in this setting: risk (known probabilities) and ambiguity (unknown probabilities). However, it remains unclear how individuals with ASD behave under risk and ambiguity, despite growing evidence of their altered decision-making under uncertainty. We therefore extended previous research by studying the attitudes of those with ASD toward risk and ambiguity in both positive and negative contexts (i.e., gain and loss). In gain contexts, no significant difference was observed between the groups in risk attitudes, but ambiguity aversion was attenuated in ASD. In loss contexts, ambiguity attitudes did not significantly differ between the groups, but the ASD participants were less risk-seeking compared with the controls. In addition, insensitivity to the context change under risk and ambiguity in ASD was both significantly associated with poor social skills. These results improve our understanding of altered decision-making under uncertainty by disentangling the attitudes toward risk and ambiguity in ASD individuals. Applying behavioral economic tools may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying behavioral disturbances in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0162-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330

Birth gap and the recurrence risk of autism spectrum disorders: A population-based cohort study / Michael BEENSTOCK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 17 (September 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 17 (September 2015) . - p.86-94 Titre : Birth gap and the recurrence risk of autism spectrum disorders: A population-based cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael BEENSTOCK, Auteur ; Raanan RAZ, Auteur ; Hagai LEVINE, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.86-94 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder recurrence risk  Birth gap  Birth spacing  Birth order  Risk  Epidemiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Population-based data on the magnitude and determinants of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) recurrence risk in families with an index case are rare. We examined whether short birth gaps and other birth spacing factors increase the risk of recurrence, using a population-based cohort study in Israel. We examined records of younger siblings of index cases (children diagnosed with ASD), and estimated recurrence risk and its determinants. Overall, 5.25% (261/4976) of younger siblings were diagnosed with ASD. Younger siblings with birth gaps less than two years of their index case had significantly higher risk compared to the rest (odds ratio = 1.66, 95% CI 1.25–2.22). The association remained significant in models adjusted for sex of the index cases and their younger siblings, ethnicity, parental ages and birth order (odds ratio = 1.43, CI 1.03–1.96). This finding suggests that short birth gaps from the index case increase the risk of ASD among younger siblings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.06.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=263 [article] Birth gap and the recurrence risk of autism spectrum disorders: A population-based cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael BEENSTOCK, Auteur ; Raanan RAZ, Auteur ; Hagai LEVINE, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.86-94. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 17 (September 2015) . - p.86-94 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder recurrence risk  Birth gap  Birth spacing  Birth order  Risk  Epidemiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Population-based data on the magnitude and determinants of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) recurrence risk in families with an index case are rare. We examined whether short birth gaps and other birth spacing factors increase the risk of recurrence, using a population-based cohort study in Israel. We examined records of younger siblings of index cases (children diagnosed with ASD), and estimated recurrence risk and its determinants. Overall, 5.25% (261/4976) of younger siblings were diagnosed with ASD. Younger siblings with birth gaps less than two years of their index case had significantly higher risk compared to the rest (odds ratio = 1.66, 95% CI 1.25–2.22). The association remained significant in models adjusted for sex of the index cases and their younger siblings, ethnicity, parental ages and birth order (odds ratio = 1.43, CI 1.03–1.96). This finding suggests that short birth gaps from the index case increase the risk of ASD among younger siblings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.06.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=263

Brief Report: Attachment Security in Infants At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders / John D. HALTIGAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-7 (July 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-7 (July 2011) . - p.962-967 Titre : Brief Report: Attachment Security in Infants At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : John D. HALTIGAN, Auteur ; Naomi V. EKAS, Auteur ; Ronald SEIFER, Auteur ; Daniel S. MESSINGER, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.962-967 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attachment  Autism  Infant-sibling  Risk  Strange-situation procedure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about attachment security and disorganization in children who are at genetic risk for an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) prior to a possible diagnosis. The present study examined distributions of attachment security and disorganization at 15-months of age in a sample of infant siblings of older children with (ASD-sibs; n = 51) or without (COMP-sibs; n = 34) an ASD. ASD-sibs were not more or less likely to evince attachment insecurity or disorganization than COMP-sibs. However, relative to COMP-sibs, the rate of B1–B2 secure subclassifications was disproportionately larger in the ASD-sib group. Results suggest that ASD-sibs are not less likely to form secure affectional bonds with their caregivers than COMP-sibs, but may differ from COMP-sibs in their expression of attachment security. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1107-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=130 [article] Brief Report: Attachment Security in Infants At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / John D. HALTIGAN, Auteur ; Naomi V. EKAS, Auteur ; Ronald SEIFER, Auteur ; Daniel S. MESSINGER, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.962-967. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-7 (July 2011) . - p.962-967 Mots-clés : Attachment  Autism  Infant-sibling  Risk  Strange-situation procedure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about attachment security and disorganization in children who are at genetic risk for an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) prior to a possible diagnosis. The present study examined distributions of attachment security and disorganization at 15-months of age in a sample of infant siblings of older children with (ASD-sibs; n = 51) or without (COMP-sibs; n = 34) an ASD. ASD-sibs were not more or less likely to evince attachment insecurity or disorganization than COMP-sibs. However, relative to COMP-sibs, the rate of B1–B2 secure subclassifications was disproportionately larger in the ASD-sib group. Results suggest that ASD-sibs are not less likely to form secure affectional bonds with their caregivers than COMP-sibs, but may differ from COMP-sibs in their expression of attachment security. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1107-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=130

Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and the Subsequent Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / Hai-Ying YU in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2236-2246 Titre : Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and the Subsequent Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hai-Ying YU, Auteur ; Yuan-Yue ZHOU, Auteur ; Li-Ya PAN, Auteur ; Xue ZHANG, Auteur ; Hai-Yin JIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2236-2246 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/etiology  Humans  Siblings  Infection  Neurodevelopment  Risk  Systematic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was conducted to assess this association between early life antibiotic exposure and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in later life. The results showed that early life antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of ASD (OR=1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.21) or ADHD (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.1-1.27). However, this association for ASD (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.97-1.11) or ADHD (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.94-1.02) disappeared when data from sibling-matched studies were pooled. The statistically significant association between early life antibiotic exposure and ASD or ADHD in later life can be partially explained by unmeasured genetic and familial confounding factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05121-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and the Subsequent Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hai-Ying YU, Auteur ; Yuan-Yue ZHOU, Auteur ; Li-Ya PAN, Auteur ; Xue ZHANG, Auteur ; Hai-Yin JIANG, Auteur . - p.2236-2246. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2236-2246 Mots-clés : Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/etiology  Humans  Siblings  Infection  Neurodevelopment  Risk  Systematic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was conducted to assess this association between early life antibiotic exposure and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in later life. The results showed that early life antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of ASD (OR=1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.21) or ADHD (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.1-1.27). However, this association for ASD (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.97-1.11) or ADHD (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.94-1.02) disappeared when data from sibling-matched studies were pooled. The statistically significant association between early life antibiotic exposure and ASD or ADHD in later life can be partially explained by unmeasured genetic and familial confounding factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05121-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476

Exposure to bullying among students with autism spectrum conditions: A multi-informant analysis of risk and protective factors / Judith HEBRON in Autism, 18-6 (August 2014)  

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A Metabolomics Approach to Screening for Autism Risk in the Children's Autism Metabolome Project / Alan M. SMITH in Autism Research, 13-8 (August 2020)  

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Parasympathetic withdrawal indexes risk for emotion dysregulation in children with autism spectrum disorder / Jason K. BAKER in Autism Research, 15-11 (November 2022)  

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Positive Affect Processing and Joint Attention in Infants at High Risk for Autism: An Exploratory Study / Alexandra P. KEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-12 (December 2015)  

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The Periodic Risk Evaluation: A new tool to link Medicaid-enrolled autistic adults to services and support / Lindsay SHEA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 98 (October 2022)  

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