Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder / M. S. ROHDE in Autism, 22-7 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.855-865 Titre : Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. S. ROHDE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; R. FIMMERS, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.855-865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  extreme male brain  mental rotation  sex differences  visuo-spatial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental rotation is one of the most investigated cognitive functions showing consistent sex differences. The 'Extreme Male Brain' hypothesis attributes the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to an extreme version of the male cognitive profile. Previous investigations focused almost exclusively on males with autism spectrum disorder with only limited implications for affected females. This study is the first testing a sample of 12 female adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared to 14 males with autism spectrum disorder, 12 typically developing females and 14 typically developing males employing a computerised version of the mental rotation test. Reaction time and accuracy served as dependent variables. Their linear relationship with degree of rotation allows separation of rotational aspects of the task, indicated by slopes of the psychometric function, and non-rotational aspects, indicated by intercepts of the psychometric function. While the typical and expected sex difference for rotational task aspects was corroborated in typically developing individuals, no comparable sex difference was found in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals did not differ in mental rotation performance. This finding does not support the extreme male brain hypothesis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. S. ROHDE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; R. FIMMERS, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.855-865. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.855-865 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  extreme male brain  mental rotation  sex differences  visuo-spatial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental rotation is one of the most investigated cognitive functions showing consistent sex differences. The 'Extreme Male Brain' hypothesis attributes the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to an extreme version of the male cognitive profile. Previous investigations focused almost exclusively on males with autism spectrum disorder with only limited implications for affected females. This study is the first testing a sample of 12 female adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared to 14 males with autism spectrum disorder, 12 typically developing females and 14 typically developing males employing a computerised version of the mental rotation test. Reaction time and accuracy served as dependent variables. Their linear relationship with degree of rotation allows separation of rotational aspects of the task, indicated by slopes of the psychometric function, and non-rotational aspects, indicated by intercepts of the psychometric function. While the typical and expected sex difference for rotational task aspects was corroborated in typically developing individuals, no comparable sex difference was found in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals did not differ in mental rotation performance. This finding does not support the extreme male brain hypothesis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous / M. INTAITE in Autism, 23-5 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1133-1142 Titre : Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. INTAITE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; V. NOREIKA, Auteur ; M. A. VON SALDERN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1133-1142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptation  ambiguous figures  autistic spectrum condition  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the perception of an ambiguous squares stimulus evoking bistable perception in a sample of 31 individuals with autistic spectrum condition and 22 matched typical adults. The perception of the ambiguous figure was manipulated by adaptation to unambiguous figures and/or by placing the ambiguous figure into a context of unambiguous figures. This resulted in four conditions testing the independent and combined (congruent and incongruent) manipulations of adaptation (bottom-up) and spatial context (top-down) effects. The strength of perception, as measured by perception of the first reported orientation of the ambiguous stimulus, was affected comparably between groups. Nevertheless, the strength of perception, as measured by perceptual durations, was affected differently between groups: the perceptual effect was strongest for the autistic spectrum condition group when combined bottom-up and top-down conditions were congruent. In contrast, the strength of the perceptual effect in response to the same condition in the typical adults group was comparable to the adaptation, but stronger than both the context and the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions. Furthermore, the context condition was stronger than the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions for the typical adults group. Thus, our findings support the view of stimulus-specific top-down modulation in autistic spectrum condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318782221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 [article] Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. INTAITE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; V. NOREIKA, Auteur ; M. A. VON SALDERN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.1133-1142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1133-1142 Mots-clés : adaptation  ambiguous figures  autistic spectrum condition  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the perception of an ambiguous squares stimulus evoking bistable perception in a sample of 31 individuals with autistic spectrum condition and 22 matched typical adults. The perception of the ambiguous figure was manipulated by adaptation to unambiguous figures and/or by placing the ambiguous figure into a context of unambiguous figures. This resulted in four conditions testing the independent and combined (congruent and incongruent) manipulations of adaptation (bottom-up) and spatial context (top-down) effects. The strength of perception, as measured by perception of the first reported orientation of the ambiguous stimulus, was affected comparably between groups. Nevertheless, the strength of perception, as measured by perceptual durations, was affected differently between groups: the perceptual effect was strongest for the autistic spectrum condition group when combined bottom-up and top-down conditions were congruent. In contrast, the strength of the perceptual effect in response to the same condition in the typical adults group was comparable to the adaptation, but stronger than both the context and the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions. Furthermore, the context condition was stronger than the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions for the typical adults group. Thus, our findings support the view of stimulus-specific top-down modulation in autistic spectrum condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318782221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401

Autism traits outweigh alexithymia traits in the explanation of mentalising performance in adults with autism but not in adults with rejected autism diagnosis / Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 32 p. Titre : Autism traits outweigh alexithymia traits in the explanation of mentalising performance in adults with autism but not in adults with rejected autism diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Carola BLOCH, Auteur ; Lana BURGHOF, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 32 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Phenotype  Alexithymia  Autism  Dominance analysis  Mentalising Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Pronounced alexithymia traits have been found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and recent research has been carving out the impact alexithymia traits might have on mentalising deficits associated with ASD. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, a large representative referral population for diagnostic examination for possible ASD (n=400) was screened for clinical alexithymia with a German version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RME). In contrast to previous attempts to carve out the impact of alexithymia traits on mentalising deficits though, we employed dominance analysis to account for the correlation between predictors. The relative relationship between alexithymia traits and autism traits with RME performance was investigated in the group of individuals with confirmed ASD diagnosis (N=281) and compared to the clinical referral sample in which ASD was ruled out (N=119). RESULTS: Dominance analysis revealed autism traits to be the strongest predictor for reduced mentalising skills in the ASD sample, whereas alexithymia contributed significantly less. In the sample of individuals with ruled out diagnosis, autism traits were the strongest predictor, but alexithymia traits were in sum equally associated to mentalising, with the External-Oriented Thinking subscale as an important predictor of this association. LIMITATIONS: It needs to be considered that the cross-sectional study design does not allow for causal inference. Furthermore, mentalising is a highly facetted capacity and measurements need to reduce this complexity into simple quantities which limits the generalizability of results. DISCUSSION: While alexithymia traits should be considered for their mental health importance, they do not dominate the explanation of reduced mentalising skills in individuals with ASD, but they might do to a larger degree in individuals with ruled out ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00510-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] Autism traits outweigh alexithymia traits in the explanation of mentalising performance in adults with autism but not in adults with rejected autism diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Carola BLOCH, Auteur ; Lana BURGHOF, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur . - 32 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 32 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Phenotype  Alexithymia  Autism  Dominance analysis  Mentalising Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Pronounced alexithymia traits have been found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and recent research has been carving out the impact alexithymia traits might have on mentalising deficits associated with ASD. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, a large representative referral population for diagnostic examination for possible ASD (n=400) was screened for clinical alexithymia with a German version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RME). In contrast to previous attempts to carve out the impact of alexithymia traits on mentalising deficits though, we employed dominance analysis to account for the correlation between predictors. The relative relationship between alexithymia traits and autism traits with RME performance was investigated in the group of individuals with confirmed ASD diagnosis (N=281) and compared to the clinical referral sample in which ASD was ruled out (N=119). RESULTS: Dominance analysis revealed autism traits to be the strongest predictor for reduced mentalising skills in the ASD sample, whereas alexithymia contributed significantly less. In the sample of individuals with ruled out diagnosis, autism traits were the strongest predictor, but alexithymia traits were in sum equally associated to mentalising, with the External-Oriented Thinking subscale as an important predictor of this association. LIMITATIONS: It needs to be considered that the cross-sectional study design does not allow for causal inference. Furthermore, mentalising is a highly facetted capacity and measurements need to reduce this complexity into simple quantities which limits the generalizability of results. DISCUSSION: While alexithymia traits should be considered for their mental health importance, they do not dominate the explanation of reduced mentalising skills in individuals with ASD, but they might do to a larger degree in individuals with ruled out ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00510-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Barriers to healthcare predict reduced health-related quality of life in autistic adults without intellectual disability / Nicole DAVID ; Pascal Rahlff ; Hannah König ; Sophia Dückert ; Petia Gewohn ; Frank Erik ; Kai VOGELEY ; Daniel SCHOTTLE ; Alexander Konnopka ; Holger Schulz ; Judith Peth in Autism, 29-2 (February 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-2 (February 2025) . - p.476-489 Titre : Barriers to healthcare predict reduced health-related quality of life in autistic adults without intellectual disability : Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Pascal Rahlff, Auteur ; Hannah König, Auteur ; Sophia Dückert, Auteur ; Petia Gewohn, Auteur ; Frank Erik, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Daniel SCHOTTLE, Auteur ; Alexander Konnopka, Auteur ; Holger Schulz, Auteur ; Judith Peth, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.476-489 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  health services  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults frequently show increased physical or mental health conditions and impairments in social, occupational, and other life domains. Accordingly, they often report reduced health-related quality of life. Yet, numerous barriers prevent effective healthcare for autistic adults. To date, the impact of healthcare barriers on health-related quality of life in autism has not been investigated. We, thus, sought to investigate the health-related quality of life of autistic adults without intellectual disability in Germany and analyze previously reported and novel predictors of health-related quality of life including healthcare barriers using multiple linear regression. Within a nationwide online survey, 311 autistic adults completed the Short-Form Health Survey and the Barriers to Healthcare Checklist. Demographic, clinical, and healthcare-related predictors were also assessed. Participants showed below-average mental and significantly reduced physical health-related quality of life compared to a German normative sample. Several independent variables differentially predicted mental and physical health-related quality of life. Healthcare barriers resulted as the only predictor, which explained variations in both domains: the more barriers autistic adults experienced, the lower their mental and physical health-related quality of life. Barriers emerged as the strongest predictor for mental health-related quality of life. Our results raise awareness for the barriers autistic adults experience in getting appropriate healthcare and the possible consequences for the individual. Improved healthcare access might contribute to better health-related quality of life in autism. Lay abstract Health-related quality of life reflects a person?s perspective on their well-being in physical, mental, social, work-related, and other aspects of health or life. Autistic adults typically report difficulties in many or all of these domains and, thus, often experience their health-related quality of life being reduced. Nonetheless, they do not obtain the professional support they need and report barriers to accessing or receiving appropriate healthcare. We know little about the impact of barriers to healthcare on health-related quality of life in autistic adults. In the present study, 311 autistic adults without intellectual disability in Germany completed an online survey on their current health-related quality of life and the number of barriers to healthcare they experience. In addition, they were asked about their personal and clinical background as well as about the amount of healthcare and support they recently received. We investigated how this information and, particularly, barriers to healthcare explained variations in individual levels of health-related quality of life. We found that barriers to healthcare, compared to most other variables, were a strong predictor of health-related quality of life: The more barriers autistic adults reported, the lower their experienced psychological and physical well-being. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine the relationship between barriers to healthcare and health-related quality of life in autism. Our results suggest that healthcare providers need to become aware of the barriers individuals with autism have in seeking and getting healthcare. Improved access to services might contribute to better health-related quality of life in autistic adults. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241275406 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=547 [article] Barriers to healthcare predict reduced health-related quality of life in autistic adults without intellectual disability : Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Pascal Rahlff, Auteur ; Hannah König, Auteur ; Sophia Dückert, Auteur ; Petia Gewohn, Auteur ; Frank Erik, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Daniel SCHOTTLE, Auteur ; Alexander Konnopka, Auteur ; Holger Schulz, Auteur ; Judith Peth, Auteur . - p.476-489. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-2 (February 2025) . - p.476-489 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  health services  quality of life Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults frequently show increased physical or mental health conditions and impairments in social, occupational, and other life domains. Accordingly, they often report reduced health-related quality of life. Yet, numerous barriers prevent effective healthcare for autistic adults. To date, the impact of healthcare barriers on health-related quality of life in autism has not been investigated. We, thus, sought to investigate the health-related quality of life of autistic adults without intellectual disability in Germany and analyze previously reported and novel predictors of health-related quality of life including healthcare barriers using multiple linear regression. Within a nationwide online survey, 311 autistic adults completed the Short-Form Health Survey and the Barriers to Healthcare Checklist. Demographic, clinical, and healthcare-related predictors were also assessed. Participants showed below-average mental and significantly reduced physical health-related quality of life compared to a German normative sample. Several independent variables differentially predicted mental and physical health-related quality of life. Healthcare barriers resulted as the only predictor, which explained variations in both domains: the more barriers autistic adults experienced, the lower their mental and physical health-related quality of life. Barriers emerged as the strongest predictor for mental health-related quality of life. Our results raise awareness for the barriers autistic adults experience in getting appropriate healthcare and the possible consequences for the individual. Improved healthcare access might contribute to better health-related quality of life in autism. Lay abstract Health-related quality of life reflects a person?s perspective on their well-being in physical, mental, social, work-related, and other aspects of health or life. Autistic adults typically report difficulties in many or all of these domains and, thus, often experience their health-related quality of life being reduced. Nonetheless, they do not obtain the professional support they need and report barriers to accessing or receiving appropriate healthcare. We know little about the impact of barriers to healthcare on health-related quality of life in autistic adults. In the present study, 311 autistic adults without intellectual disability in Germany completed an online survey on their current health-related quality of life and the number of barriers to healthcare they experience. In addition, they were asked about their personal and clinical background as well as about the amount of healthcare and support they recently received. We investigated how this information and, particularly, barriers to healthcare explained variations in individual levels of health-related quality of life. We found that barriers to healthcare, compared to most other variables, were a strong predictor of health-related quality of life: The more barriers autistic adults reported, the lower their experienced psychological and physical well-being. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine the relationship between barriers to healthcare and health-related quality of life in autism. Our results suggest that healthcare providers need to become aware of the barriers individuals with autism have in seeking and getting healthcare. Improved access to services might contribute to better health-related quality of life in autistic adults. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241275406 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=547

Brief Report: Altered Horizontal Binding of Single Dots to Coherent Motion in Autism / Nicole DAVID in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-12 (December 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-12 (December 2010) . - p.1549-1551 Titre : Brief Report: Altered Horizontal Binding of Single Dots to Coherent Motion in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Michael ROSE, Auteur ; Till R. SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Andreas K. ENGEL, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1549-1551 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Apparent motion  Bistable perception  Binding  Interhemispheric communication  High-functioning autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism often show a fragmented way of perceiving their environment, suggesting a disorder of information integration, possibly due to disrupted communication between brain areas. We investigated thirteen individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and thirteen healthy controls using the metastable motion quartet, a stimulus consisting of two dots alternately presented at four locations of a hypothetical square, thereby inducing an apparent motion percept. This percept is vertical or horizontal, the latter requiring binding of motion signals across cerebral hemispheres. Decreasing the horizontal distance between dots could facilitate horizontal percepts. We found evidence for altered horizontal binding in HFA: Individuals with HFA needed stronger facilitation to experience horizontal motion. These data are interpreted in light of reduced cross-hemispheric communication. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1008-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114 [article] Brief Report: Altered Horizontal Binding of Single Dots to Coherent Motion in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Michael ROSE, Auteur ; Till R. SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Andreas K. ENGEL, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1549-1551. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-12 (December 2010) . - p.1549-1551 Mots-clés : Apparent motion  Bistable perception  Binding  Interhemispheric communication  High-functioning autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism often show a fragmented way of perceiving their environment, suggesting a disorder of information integration, possibly due to disrupted communication between brain areas. We investigated thirteen individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and thirteen healthy controls using the metastable motion quartet, a stimulus consisting of two dots alternately presented at four locations of a hypothetical square, thereby inducing an apparent motion percept. This percept is vertical or horizontal, the latter requiring binding of motion signals across cerebral hemispheres. Decreasing the horizontal distance between dots could facilitate horizontal percepts. We found evidence for altered horizontal binding in HFA: Individuals with HFA needed stronger facilitation to experience horizontal motion. These data are interpreted in light of reduced cross-hemispheric communication. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1008-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114

Brief Report: Impression Formation in High-Functioning Autism: Role of Nonverbal Behavior and Stereotype Activating Information / Caroline SCHWARTZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-7 (July 2014)  

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Brief Report: Preferred Processing of Social Stimuli in Autism: A Perception Task / A. MEERMEIER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-7 (July 2022)  

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Brief Report: Reduced Optimism Bias in Self-Referential Belief Updating in High-Functioning Autism / B. KUZMANOVIC in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-7 (July 2019)  

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Brief Report: Social Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder is Based on Deficits in Social Competence / J. ESPELÖER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-1 (January 2021)  

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Brief Report: Specificity of Interpersonal Synchrony Deficits to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Potential for Digitally Assisted Diagnostics / Jana Christina KOEHLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-8 (August 2022)  

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Dissociation Between Key Processes of Social Cognition in Autism: Impaired Mentalizing But Intact Sense of Agency / Nicole DAVID in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-4 (April 2008)  

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Effects of Observing Eye Contact on Gaze Following in High-Functioning Autism / Anne BÖCKLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-7 (July 2014)  

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Filled Pauses Produced by Autistic Adults Differ in Prosodic Realisation, but not Rate or Lexical Type / Martine GRICE ; Kai VOGELEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-7 (July 2024)  

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Getting a Grip on Social Gaze: Control over Others? Gaze Helps Gaze Detection in High-Functioning Autism / Thomas DRATSCH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-2 (February 2013)  

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Impairments in multisensory processing are not universal to the autism spectrum: no evidence for crossmodal priming deficits in Asperger syndrome / Nicole DAVID in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

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