Adolescent childbirth, miscarriage, and abortion: associations with changes in alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use / I. TUNG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-1 (January 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-1 (January 2020) . - p.104-111 Titre : Adolescent childbirth, miscarriage, and abortion: associations with changes in alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : I. TUNG, Auteur ; Jordan BEARDSLEE, Auteur ; Dustin A. PARDINI, Auteur ; T. CHUNG, Auteur ; Kate KEENAN, Auteur ; A. E. HIPWELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.104-111 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  alcohol use  pregnancy  substance use  teenage mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adolescent girls who become pregnant demonstrate greater risk for substance use than same-aged peers. However, it remains unclear how risk relates to normative changes in adolescence. Few studies have examined adolescent substance use changes before, during, and after pregnancy and considered how pregnancy outcomes (childbirth, miscarriage, abortion) differentially influence substance use changes. The present study examined associations between different adolescent pregnancy outcomes and within-person changes in substance use from prepregnancy to postpregnancy. METHODS: Participants included 2,450 girls (52% Black) oversampled from low-income urban neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants self-reported pregnancy outcomes and substance use frequency (alcohol, cigarette, marijuana) annually from ages 11-20. Fixed effects regressions focused on first births, first miscarriages, and first abortions occurring from ages 12-19 to test the associations between pregnancy outcomes and within-individual changes in substance use from prepregnancy to postpregnancy. By design, models controlled for all potential time-stable confounds, and models included age and subsequent pregnancies as time-varying covariates. RESULTS: Consistent with prior studies, girls who became pregnant (20%) reported greater early risk for substance use problems than never-pregnant adolescents, including earlier age of onset and more regular marijuana and cigarette use. Childbirth predicted a 26%-51% within-individual reduction in alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use that remained significantly lower than prepregnancy levels after childbirth. Alcohol and marijuana use decreased (32%-47%) after miscarriage. Abortion was not associated with long-term changes in substance use; however, marijuana and cigarette use gradually increased (44%-46%) in the years leading up to the year of and after abortion, respectively, before returning to prepregnancy levels. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight important differences in adolescent substance use patterns based on pregnancy outcome. For pregnant adolescents with heightened pre-existing risk for substance use, pregnancy may be a window of opportunity for substance use screening and behavioral intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13112 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414 [article] Adolescent childbirth, miscarriage, and abortion: associations with changes in alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / I. TUNG, Auteur ; Jordan BEARDSLEE, Auteur ; Dustin A. PARDINI, Auteur ; T. CHUNG, Auteur ; Kate KEENAN, Auteur ; A. E. HIPWELL, Auteur . - p.104-111. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-1 (January 2020) . - p.104-111 Mots-clés : Adolescence  alcohol use  pregnancy  substance use  teenage mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Adolescent girls who become pregnant demonstrate greater risk for substance use than same-aged peers. However, it remains unclear how risk relates to normative changes in adolescence. Few studies have examined adolescent substance use changes before, during, and after pregnancy and considered how pregnancy outcomes (childbirth, miscarriage, abortion) differentially influence substance use changes. The present study examined associations between different adolescent pregnancy outcomes and within-person changes in substance use from prepregnancy to postpregnancy. METHODS: Participants included 2,450 girls (52% Black) oversampled from low-income urban neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants self-reported pregnancy outcomes and substance use frequency (alcohol, cigarette, marijuana) annually from ages 11-20. Fixed effects regressions focused on first births, first miscarriages, and first abortions occurring from ages 12-19 to test the associations between pregnancy outcomes and within-individual changes in substance use from prepregnancy to postpregnancy. By design, models controlled for all potential time-stable confounds, and models included age and subsequent pregnancies as time-varying covariates. RESULTS: Consistent with prior studies, girls who became pregnant (20%) reported greater early risk for substance use problems than never-pregnant adolescents, including earlier age of onset and more regular marijuana and cigarette use. Childbirth predicted a 26%-51% within-individual reduction in alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use that remained significantly lower than prepregnancy levels after childbirth. Alcohol and marijuana use decreased (32%-47%) after miscarriage. Abortion was not associated with long-term changes in substance use; however, marijuana and cigarette use gradually increased (44%-46%) in the years leading up to the year of and after abortion, respectively, before returning to prepregnancy levels. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight important differences in adolescent substance use patterns based on pregnancy outcome. For pregnant adolescents with heightened pre-existing risk for substance use, pregnancy may be a window of opportunity for substance use screening and behavioral intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13112 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=414

Police contacts, arrests and decreasing self-control and personal responsibility among female adolescents / A. E. HIPWELL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-12 (December 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-12 (December 2018) . - p.1252-1260 Titre : Police contacts, arrests and decreasing self-control and personal responsibility among female adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; Joseph E. BEENEY, Auteur ; F. YE, Auteur ; S. H. GEBRESELASSIE, Auteur ; M. R. STALTER, Auteur ; D. GANESH, Auteur ; Kate KEENAN, Auteur ; Stephanie D. STEPP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1252-1260 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Females  adolescents  arrest  police contacts  responsibility  self-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Female involvement in the juvenile justice system (JJS) has increased rapidly in recent years. Although deficits in self-control and responsibility are associated with delinquency and higher rates of police contacts and arrests, much of this research has focused on males and/or selected samples of youth who already have a history of JJS involvement. Furthermore, little is known about the extent to which police contacts and arrests may disrupt normative psychosocial maturation. METHODS: Police contacts, arrests, levels of self-control and personal responsibility were assessed annually between 12 and 17 years in a population-based sample of 2,450 adolescent females. Fixed-effects regression models, which control for stable individual characteristics, were used to examine whether within-adolescent changes in self-control, and responsibility were associated concurrently and prospectively with police contacts and arrests, and vice versa. RESULTS: Across adolescence, 5%-12% participants reported police contacts and 1%-4% were arrested. After adjusting for covariates, within-person increases in self-control and responsibility were associated concurrently with decreased odds of police contact. Increasing responsibility also predicted lower likelihood of police contact in the following year. When testing reverse causation, results showed that police contact predicted next year decreases in personal responsibility, and that being arrested predicted decreasing levels of self-control and responsibility in the following year. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows more clearly than previous work that increasing levels of responsibility precede decreased police contact in nonselected adolescent females, and that contacts with the justice system during adolescence may delay or undermine normative psychosocial maturation, highlighting important targets for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12914 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] Police contacts, arrests and decreasing self-control and personal responsibility among female adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; Joseph E. BEENEY, Auteur ; F. YE, Auteur ; S. H. GEBRESELASSIE, Auteur ; M. R. STALTER, Auteur ; D. GANESH, Auteur ; Kate KEENAN, Auteur ; Stephanie D. STEPP, Auteur . - p.1252-1260. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-12 (December 2018) . - p.1252-1260 Mots-clés : Females  adolescents  arrest  police contacts  responsibility  self-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Female involvement in the juvenile justice system (JJS) has increased rapidly in recent years. Although deficits in self-control and responsibility are associated with delinquency and higher rates of police contacts and arrests, much of this research has focused on males and/or selected samples of youth who already have a history of JJS involvement. Furthermore, little is known about the extent to which police contacts and arrests may disrupt normative psychosocial maturation. METHODS: Police contacts, arrests, levels of self-control and personal responsibility were assessed annually between 12 and 17 years in a population-based sample of 2,450 adolescent females. Fixed-effects regression models, which control for stable individual characteristics, were used to examine whether within-adolescent changes in self-control, and responsibility were associated concurrently and prospectively with police contacts and arrests, and vice versa. RESULTS: Across adolescence, 5%-12% participants reported police contacts and 1%-4% were arrested. After adjusting for covariates, within-person increases in self-control and responsibility were associated concurrently with decreased odds of police contact. Increasing responsibility also predicted lower likelihood of police contact in the following year. When testing reverse causation, results showed that police contact predicted next year decreases in personal responsibility, and that being arrested predicted decreasing levels of self-control and responsibility in the following year. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows more clearly than previous work that increasing levels of responsibility precede decreased police contact in nonselected adolescent females, and that contacts with the justice system during adolescence may delay or undermine normative psychosocial maturation, highlighting important targets for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12914 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Research Review: Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage: epigenetics and parents' childhoods as the first exposure / P. SCORZA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-2 (February 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-2 (February 2019) . - p.119-132 Titre : Research Review: Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage: epigenetics and parents' childhoods as the first exposure Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. SCORZA, Auteur ; C. S. DUARTE, Auteur ; A. E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; J. POSNER, Auteur ; A. ORTIN, Auteur ; Glorisa CANINO, Auteur ; C. MONK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.119-132 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Development  adversity  early life experience  endocrinology  epigenetics  gene-environment interaction  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: For decades, economists and sociologists have documented intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic disadvantage, demonstrating that economic, political, and social factors contribute to 'inherited hardship'. Drawing on biological factors, the developmental origins of adult health and disease model posits that fetal exposure to maternal prenatal distress associated with socioeconomic disadvantage compromises offspring's neurodevelopment, affecting short- and long-term physical and mental health, and thereby psychosocial standing and resources. Increasing evidence suggests that mother-to-child influence occurs prenatally, in part via maternal and offspring atypical HPA axis regulation, with negative effects on the maturation of prefrontal and subcortical neural circuits in the offspring. However, even this in utero timeframe may be insufficient to understand biological aspects of the transmission of factors contributing to disadvantage across generations. METHODS: We review animal studies and emerging human research indicating that parents' childhood experiences may transfer epigenetic marks that could impact the development of their offspring independently of and in interaction with their offspring's perinatal and early childhood direct exposures to stress stemming from socioeconomic disadvantage and adversity. RESULTS: Animal models point to epigenetic mechanisms by which traits that could contribute to disadvantage may be transmitted across generations. However, epigenetic pathways of parental childhood experiences influencing child outcomes in the next generation are only beginning to be studied in humans. With a focus on translational research, we point to design features and methodological considerations for human cohort studies to be able to test the intergenerational transmission hypothesis, and we illustrate this with existing longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS: Epigenetic intergenerational transmission, if at play in human populations, could have policy implications in terms of reducing the continuation of disadvantage across generations. Further research is needed to address this gap in the understanding of the perpetuation of compromised lives across generations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12877 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=381 [article] Research Review: Intergenerational transmission of disadvantage: epigenetics and parents' childhoods as the first exposure [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. SCORZA, Auteur ; C. S. DUARTE, Auteur ; A. E. HIPWELL, Auteur ; J. POSNER, Auteur ; A. ORTIN, Auteur ; Glorisa CANINO, Auteur ; C. MONK, Auteur . - p.119-132. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-2 (February 2019) . - p.119-132 Mots-clés : Development  adversity  early life experience  endocrinology  epigenetics  gene-environment interaction  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: For decades, economists and sociologists have documented intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic disadvantage, demonstrating that economic, political, and social factors contribute to 'inherited hardship'. Drawing on biological factors, the developmental origins of adult health and disease model posits that fetal exposure to maternal prenatal distress associated with socioeconomic disadvantage compromises offspring's neurodevelopment, affecting short- and long-term physical and mental health, and thereby psychosocial standing and resources. Increasing evidence suggests that mother-to-child influence occurs prenatally, in part via maternal and offspring atypical HPA axis regulation, with negative effects on the maturation of prefrontal and subcortical neural circuits in the offspring. However, even this in utero timeframe may be insufficient to understand biological aspects of the transmission of factors contributing to disadvantage across generations. METHODS: We review animal studies and emerging human research indicating that parents' childhood experiences may transfer epigenetic marks that could impact the development of their offspring independently of and in interaction with their offspring's perinatal and early childhood direct exposures to stress stemming from socioeconomic disadvantage and adversity. RESULTS: Animal models point to epigenetic mechanisms by which traits that could contribute to disadvantage may be transmitted across generations. However, epigenetic pathways of parental childhood experiences influencing child outcomes in the next generation are only beginning to be studied in humans. With a focus on translational research, we point to design features and methodological considerations for human cohort studies to be able to test the intergenerational transmission hypothesis, and we illustrate this with existing longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS: Epigenetic intergenerational transmission, if at play in human populations, could have policy implications in terms of reducing the continuation of disadvantage across generations. Further research is needed to address this gap in the understanding of the perpetuation of compromised lives across generations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12877 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=381

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