Cortical Variability in the Sensory-Evoked Response in Autism / Sarah M. HAIGH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-5 (May 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-5 (May 2015) . - p.1176-1190 Titre : Cortical Variability in the Sensory-Evoked Response in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1176-1190 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  fMRI  Sensory-evoked  Variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous findings have shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) evince greater intra-individual variability (IIV) in their sensory-evoked fMRI responses compared to typical control participants. We explore the robustness of this finding with a new sample of high-functioning adults with autism. Participants were presented with visual, somatosensory and auditory stimuli in the scanner whilst they completed a one-back task. While ASD and control participants were statistically indistinguishable with respect to behavioral responses, the new ASD group exhibited greater IIV relative to controls. We also show that the IIV was equivalent across hemispheres and remained stable over the duration of the experiment. This suggests that greater cortical IIV may be a replicable characteristic of sensory systems in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2276-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259 [article] Cortical Variability in the Sensory-Evoked Response in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur . - p.1176-1190. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-5 (May 2015) . - p.1176-1190 Mots-clés : Autism  fMRI  Sensory-evoked  Variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous findings have shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) evince greater intra-individual variability (IIV) in their sensory-evoked fMRI responses compared to typical control participants. We explore the robustness of this finding with a new sample of high-functioning adults with autism. Participants were presented with visual, somatosensory and auditory stimuli in the scanner whilst they completed a one-back task. While ASD and control participants were statistically indistinguishable with respect to behavioral responses, the new ASD group exhibited greater IIV relative to controls. We also show that the IIV was equivalent across hemispheres and remained stable over the duration of the experiment. This suggests that greater cortical IIV may be a replicable characteristic of sensory systems in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2276-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=259

Over-Responsiveness and Greater Variability in Roughness Perception in Autism / Sarah M. HAIGH in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.393-402 Titre : Over-Responsiveness and Greater Variability in Roughness Perception in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.393-402 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  tactile  variability  sensory hypersensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although sensory problems, including tactile hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity (DSM-5) are commonly associated with autism, there is a dearth of systematic and rigorous research in this domain. Here, we report findings from a psychophysical experiment that explored differences in tactile perception between individuals with autism and typically developing control participants, who, using their index finger, rated a series of surfaces on the extent of their roughness. Each surface was rated multiple times and we calculated both the average rating and the variability across trials. Relative to controls, the individuals with autism perceived the surfaces as rougher overall and exhibited greater variability in their ratings across trials. These findings characterize altered tactile perception in autism and suggest that sensory problems in autism may be the product of overly responsive and variable sensory processing. Autism Res 2016, 9: 393–402. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Over-Responsiveness and Greater Variability in Roughness Perception in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur . - p.393-402. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.393-402 Mots-clés : autism  tactile  variability  sensory hypersensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although sensory problems, including tactile hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity (DSM-5) are commonly associated with autism, there is a dearth of systematic and rigorous research in this domain. Here, we report findings from a psychophysical experiment that explored differences in tactile perception between individuals with autism and typically developing control participants, who, using their index finger, rated a series of surfaces on the extent of their roughness. Each surface was rated multiple times and we calculated both the average rating and the variability across trials. Relative to controls, the individuals with autism perceived the surfaces as rougher overall and exhibited greater variability in their ratings across trials. These findings characterize altered tactile perception in autism and suggest that sensory problems in autism may be the product of overly responsive and variable sensory processing. Autism Res 2016, 9: 393–402. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Processing Speed is Impaired in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Relates to Social Communication Abilities / Sarah M. HAIGH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-8 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-8 (August 2018) . - p.2653-2662 Titre : Processing Speed is Impaired in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Relates to Social Communication Abilities Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Jennifer A. WALSH, Auteur ; C. A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; N. J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; S. M. EACK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2653-2662 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Information processing  Matrics  Speed of processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a variety of social and non-social behavioral deficits. One potential mechanism that could unify this diverse profile of behaviors is slower processing speed. Seventy-six high-functioning adults with ASD were compared to 64 matched controls on standardized measures of processing speed. Participants with ASD were significantly slower on all measures, and on the composite score from the three tests (d's > .65). ASD participants with slower processing speeds scored higher on the ADOS Communication and Reciprocal Social Interaction scale (r = .34). These findings provide evidence of slower processing speeds in adults with ASD, and that this may be contributing to impairments in social communication skills. Interventions that improve processing speed might improve social communication abilities in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3515-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367 [article] Processing Speed is Impaired in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Relates to Social Communication Abilities [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Jennifer A. WALSH, Auteur ; C. A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; N. J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; S. M. EACK, Auteur . - p.2653-2662. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-8 (August 2018) . - p.2653-2662 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Information processing  Matrics  Speed of processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a variety of social and non-social behavioral deficits. One potential mechanism that could unify this diverse profile of behaviors is slower processing speed. Seventy-six high-functioning adults with ASD were compared to 64 matched controls on standardized measures of processing speed. Participants with ASD were significantly slower on all measures, and on the composite score from the three tests (d's > .65). ASD participants with slower processing speeds scored higher on the ADOS Communication and Reciprocal Social Interaction scale (r = .34). These findings provide evidence of slower processing speeds in adults with ASD, and that this may be contributing to impairments in social communication skills. Interventions that improve processing speed might improve social communication abilities in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3515-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367

Reduced White Matter Integrity and Deficits in Neuropsychological Functioning in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Sarah M. HAIGH in Autism Research, 13-5 (May 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-5 (May 2020) . - p.702-714 Titre : Reduced White Matter Integrity and Deficits in Neuropsychological Functioning in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Timothy A. KELLER, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Shaun M. EACK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.702-714 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dti  Fa  Matrics  Tbss  adults  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is currently viewed as a disorder of cortical systems connectivity, with a heavy emphasis being on the structural integrity of white matter tracts. However, the majority of the literature to date has focused on children with ASD. Understanding the integrity of white matter tracts in adults may help reveal the nature of ASD pathology in adulthood and the potential contributors to cognitive impairment. This study examined white matter water diffusion using diffusion tensor imaging in relation to neuropsychological measures of cognition in a sample of 45 adults with ASD compared to 20 age, gender, and full-scale-IQ-matched healthy volunteers. Tract-based spatial statistics were used to assess differences in diffusion along white matter tracts between groups using permutation testing. The following neuropsychological measures of cognition were assessed: processing speed, attention vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. Results indicated that fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly reduced in adults with ASD in the anterior thalamic radiation (P = 0.022) and the right cingulum (P = 0.008). All neuropsychological measures were worse in the ASD group, but none of the measures significantly correlated with reduced FA in either tract in the adults with ASD or in the healthy volunteers. Together, this indicates that the tracts that are the most impacted in autism may not be (at least directly) responsible for the behavioral deficits in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 702-714. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: White matter tracts are the data cables in the brain that efficiently transfer information, and damage to these tracts could be the cause for the abnormal behaviors that are associated with autism. We found that two long-range tracts (the anterior thalamic radiation and the cingulum) were both impaired in autism but were not directly related to the impairments in behavior. This suggests that the abnormal tracts and behavior are the effects of another underlying mechanism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2271 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422 [article] Reduced White Matter Integrity and Deficits in Neuropsychological Functioning in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Timothy A. KELLER, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Shaun M. EACK, Auteur . - p.702-714. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-5 (May 2020) . - p.702-714 Mots-clés : Dti  Fa  Matrics  Tbss  adults  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is currently viewed as a disorder of cortical systems connectivity, with a heavy emphasis being on the structural integrity of white matter tracts. However, the majority of the literature to date has focused on children with ASD. Understanding the integrity of white matter tracts in adults may help reveal the nature of ASD pathology in adulthood and the potential contributors to cognitive impairment. This study examined white matter water diffusion using diffusion tensor imaging in relation to neuropsychological measures of cognition in a sample of 45 adults with ASD compared to 20 age, gender, and full-scale-IQ-matched healthy volunteers. Tract-based spatial statistics were used to assess differences in diffusion along white matter tracts between groups using permutation testing. The following neuropsychological measures of cognition were assessed: processing speed, attention vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. Results indicated that fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly reduced in adults with ASD in the anterior thalamic radiation (P = 0.022) and the right cingulum (P = 0.008). All neuropsychological measures were worse in the ASD group, but none of the measures significantly correlated with reduced FA in either tract in the adults with ASD or in the healthy volunteers. Together, this indicates that the tracts that are the most impacted in autism may not be (at least directly) responsible for the behavioral deficits in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 702-714. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: White matter tracts are the data cables in the brain that efficiently transfer information, and damage to these tracts could be the cause for the abnormal behaviors that are associated with autism. We found that two long-range tracts (the anterior thalamic radiation and the cingulum) were both impaired in autism but were not directly related to the impairments in behavior. This suggests that the abnormal tracts and behavior are the effects of another underlying mechanism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2271 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422

Trial-to-Trial Variability in Electrodermal Activity to Odor in Autism / Sarah M. HAIGH in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2083-2093 Titre : Trial-to-Trial Variability in Electrodermal Activity to Odor in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Yaara ENDEVELT-SHAPIRA, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2083-2093 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  electrodermal activity  faces  fear  trial-to-trial variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abnormal trial-to-trial variability (TTV) has been identified as a key feature of neural processing that is related to increased symptom severity in autism. The majority of studies evaluating TTV have focused on cortical processing. However, identifying whether similar atypicalities are evident in the peripheral nervous system will help isolate perturbed mechanisms in autism. The current study focuses on TTV in responses from the peripheral nervous system, specifically from electrodermal activity (EDA). We analyzed previously collected EDA data from 17 adults with autism and 19 neurotypical controls who viewed faces while being simultaneously exposed to fear (fear-induced sweat) and neutral odors. Average EDA peaks were significantly smaller and TTV was reduced in the autism group compared to controls, particularly during the fear odor condition. Amplitude and TTV were positively correlated in both groups, but the relationship was stronger in the control group. In addition, TTV was reduced in those with higher Autism Quotient scores but only for the individuals with autism. These findings confirm the existing results that atypical TTV is a key feature of autism and that it reflects symptom severity, although the smaller TTV in EDA contrasts with the previous findings of greater TTV in cortical responses. Identifying the relationship between cortical and peripheral TTV in autism is key for furthering our understanding of autism physiology. LAY SUMMARY: We compared the changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) to emotional faces over the course of repeated faces in adults with autism and their matched controls. The faces were accompanied by smelling fear-inducing odors. We found smaller and less variable responses to the faces in autism when smelling fear odors, suggesting that the peripheral nervous system may be more rigid. These findings were exaggerated in those who had more severe autism-related symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Trial-to-Trial Variability in Electrodermal Activity to Odor in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Yaara ENDEVELT-SHAPIRA, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur . - p.2083-2093. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2083-2093 Mots-clés : autism  electrodermal activity  faces  fear  trial-to-trial variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abnormal trial-to-trial variability (TTV) has been identified as a key feature of neural processing that is related to increased symptom severity in autism. The majority of studies evaluating TTV have focused on cortical processing. However, identifying whether similar atypicalities are evident in the peripheral nervous system will help isolate perturbed mechanisms in autism. The current study focuses on TTV in responses from the peripheral nervous system, specifically from electrodermal activity (EDA). We analyzed previously collected EDA data from 17 adults with autism and 19 neurotypical controls who viewed faces while being simultaneously exposed to fear (fear-induced sweat) and neutral odors. Average EDA peaks were significantly smaller and TTV was reduced in the autism group compared to controls, particularly during the fear odor condition. Amplitude and TTV were positively correlated in both groups, but the relationship was stronger in the control group. In addition, TTV was reduced in those with higher Autism Quotient scores but only for the individuals with autism. These findings confirm the existing results that atypical TTV is a key feature of autism and that it reflects symptom severity, although the smaller TTV in EDA contrasts with the previous findings of greater TTV in cortical responses. Identifying the relationship between cortical and peripheral TTV in autism is key for furthering our understanding of autism physiology. LAY SUMMARY: We compared the changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) to emotional faces over the course of repeated faces in adults with autism and their matched controls. The faces were accompanied by smelling fear-inducing odors. We found smaller and less variable responses to the faces in autism when smelling fear odors, suggesting that the peripheral nervous system may be more rigid. These findings were exaggerated in those who had more severe autism-related symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2377 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

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