Dépouillements

Editorial: Science, implementation, and implementation science / Jonathan GREEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.333-336 Titre : Editorial: Science, implementation, and implementation science Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonathan GREEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.333-336 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02531.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Editorial: Science, implementation, and implementation science [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonathan GREEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.333-336. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.333-336 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02531.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Practitioner Review: Self-harm in adolescents / Dennis OUGRIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.337-350 Titre : Practitioner Review: Self-harm in adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dennis OUGRIN, Auteur ; Troy TRANAH, Auteur ; Eleanor LEIGH, Auteur ; Lucy TAYLOR, Auteur ; Joan ASARNOW ROSENBAUM, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.337-350 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Self-injury  self-harm  self-poisoning  adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Repeated self-harm in adolescents is common and associated with elevated psychopathology, risk of suicide, and demand for clinical services. Despite recent advances in the understanding and treatment of self-harm there have been few systematic reviews of the topic. Aims:  The main aim of this article is to review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting efficacy of specific pharmacological, social or psychological therapeutic interventions (TIs) in reducing self-harm repetition in adolescents presenting with self-harm. Method:  Data sources were identified by searching Medline, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and PubMed from the first available year to December 2010. RCTs comparing specific TIs versus treatment as usual or placebo in adolescents presenting with self-harm were included. Results:  Fourteen RCTs reported efficacy of psychological and social TIs in adolescents presenting with self-harm. No independently replicated RCTs have been identified reporting efficacy of TIs in self-harm reduction. Developmental Group Psychotherapy versus treatment as usual was associated with a reduction in repeated self-harm, however, this was not replicated in subsequent studies. Multisystemic Therapy (MST) versus psychiatric hospitalisation was associated with a reduction of suicidal attempts in a sample of adolescents with a range of psychiatric emergencies. However, analyses focusing only on the smaller subgroup of adolescents presenting with deliberate self-harm at the initial psychiatric emergency, did not indicate significant benefits of MST versus hospitalisation. Conclusions:  Further research is urgently needed to develop TIs for treating self-harm in adolescents. MST has shown promise but needs to be evaluated in a sample of adolescents with self-harm; dialectic behavioural therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for self-harm require RCTs to evaluate efficacy and effectiveness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02525.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Practitioner Review: Self-harm in adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dennis OUGRIN, Auteur ; Troy TRANAH, Auteur ; Eleanor LEIGH, Auteur ; Lucy TAYLOR, Auteur ; Joan ASARNOW ROSENBAUM, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.337-350. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.337-350 Mots-clés : Self-injury  self-harm  self-poisoning  adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Repeated self-harm in adolescents is common and associated with elevated psychopathology, risk of suicide, and demand for clinical services. Despite recent advances in the understanding and treatment of self-harm there have been few systematic reviews of the topic. Aims:  The main aim of this article is to review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting efficacy of specific pharmacological, social or psychological therapeutic interventions (TIs) in reducing self-harm repetition in adolescents presenting with self-harm. Method:  Data sources were identified by searching Medline, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and PubMed from the first available year to December 2010. RCTs comparing specific TIs versus treatment as usual or placebo in adolescents presenting with self-harm were included. Results:  Fourteen RCTs reported efficacy of psychological and social TIs in adolescents presenting with self-harm. No independently replicated RCTs have been identified reporting efficacy of TIs in self-harm reduction. Developmental Group Psychotherapy versus treatment as usual was associated with a reduction in repeated self-harm, however, this was not replicated in subsequent studies. Multisystemic Therapy (MST) versus psychiatric hospitalisation was associated with a reduction of suicidal attempts in a sample of adolescents with a range of psychiatric emergencies. However, analyses focusing only on the smaller subgroup of adolescents presenting with deliberate self-harm at the initial psychiatric emergency, did not indicate significant benefits of MST versus hospitalisation. Conclusions:  Further research is urgently needed to develop TIs for treating self-harm in adolescents. MST has shown promise but needs to be evaluated in a sample of adolescents with self-harm; dialectic behavioural therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for self-harm require RCTs to evaluate efficacy and effectiveness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02525.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis / Manfred LAUCHT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.351-359 Titre : Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Manfred LAUCHT, Auteur ; Dorothea BLOMEYER, Auteur ; Arlette F. BUCHMANN, Auteur ; Jens TREUTLEIN, Auteur ; Martin H. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Günter ESSER, Auteur ; Christine JENNEN-STEINMETZ, Auteur ; Marcella RIETSCHEL, Auteur ; Ulrich S. ZIMMERMANN, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.351-359 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene  alcohol use  adolescentsparenting  gene–environment interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Recently, first evidence has been reported for a gene–parenting interaction (G × E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G×E would be consistent with one of two models of gene–environment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods:  Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results:  Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions:  The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Manfred LAUCHT, Auteur ; Dorothea BLOMEYER, Auteur ; Arlette F. BUCHMANN, Auteur ; Jens TREUTLEIN, Auteur ; Martin H. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Günter ESSER, Auteur ; Christine JENNEN-STEINMETZ, Auteur ; Marcella RIETSCHEL, Auteur ; Ulrich S. ZIMMERMANN, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.351-359. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.351-359 Mots-clés : Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene  alcohol use  adolescentsparenting  gene–environment interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Recently, first evidence has been reported for a gene–parenting interaction (G × E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G×E would be consistent with one of two models of gene–environment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods:  Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results:  Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions:  The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Commentary: Replication, replication, replication: the continued need to substantiate GxE effects in child psychopathology – a response to Laucht et al. (2012) / Philip ASHERSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.360-362 Titre : Commentary: Replication, replication, replication: the continued need to substantiate GxE effects in child psychopathology – a response to Laucht et al. (2012) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Thomas S. PRICE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.360-362 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02534.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Commentary: Replication, replication, replication: the continued need to substantiate GxE effects in child psychopathology – a response to Laucht et al. (2012) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Thomas S. PRICE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.360-362. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.360-362 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02534.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Persisting mental health problems among AIDS-orphaned children in South Africa / Lucie CLUVER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.363-370 Titre : Persisting mental health problems among AIDS-orphaned children in South Africa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lucie CLUVER, Auteur ; Mark ORKIN, Auteur ; Frances E. M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Mark E. BOYES, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.363-370 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : HIV/AIDS  orphans;adolescents  depression  anxiety  post-traumatic stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  By 2008, 12 million children in sub-Saharan Africa were orphaned by AIDS. Cross-sectional studies show psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children, but until now no longitudinal study has explored enduring psychological effects of AIDS-orphanhood in the developing world. Methods:  A 4-year longitudinal follow-up of AIDS-orphaned children with control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. 1021 children (M = 13.4 years, 50% female, 98% isiXhosa-speaking) were interviewed in 2005 and followed up in 2009 with 71% retention (49% female, M = 16.9 years), in poor urban South African settlements. Children were interviewed using sociodemographic questionnaires and well-validated standardised scales for assessing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Data were analysed using mixed-design ANOVA and backward-stepping regression. Results:  AIDS-orphaned children showed higher depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores in both 2005 and 2009 when compared with other-orphans and non-orphans. Backward-stepping regression, controlling for baseline mental health, and sociodemographic cofactors such as age, gender, and type of bereavement, revealed that being AIDS-orphaned in 2005 was associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores in 2009. This was not the case for other-orphaned or non-orphaned children. Age interacted with orphan status, such that there was a steep rise in psychological distress in the AIDS-orphaned group, but no rise with age amongst other-orphans and non-orphans. Conclusions:  Negative mental health outcomes amongst AIDS-orphaned children are maintained and worsen over a 4-year period. It is important that psychosocial support programmes are sustained, and focus on youth as well as young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02459.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Persisting mental health problems among AIDS-orphaned children in South Africa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lucie CLUVER, Auteur ; Mark ORKIN, Auteur ; Frances E. M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Mark E. BOYES, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.363-370. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.363-370 Mots-clés : HIV/AIDS  orphans;adolescents  depression  anxiety  post-traumatic stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  By 2008, 12 million children in sub-Saharan Africa were orphaned by AIDS. Cross-sectional studies show psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children, but until now no longitudinal study has explored enduring psychological effects of AIDS-orphanhood in the developing world. Methods:  A 4-year longitudinal follow-up of AIDS-orphaned children with control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. 1021 children (M = 13.4 years, 50% female, 98% isiXhosa-speaking) were interviewed in 2005 and followed up in 2009 with 71% retention (49% female, M = 16.9 years), in poor urban South African settlements. Children were interviewed using sociodemographic questionnaires and well-validated standardised scales for assessing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Data were analysed using mixed-design ANOVA and backward-stepping regression. Results:  AIDS-orphaned children showed higher depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores in both 2005 and 2009 when compared with other-orphans and non-orphans. Backward-stepping regression, controlling for baseline mental health, and sociodemographic cofactors such as age, gender, and type of bereavement, revealed that being AIDS-orphaned in 2005 was associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores in 2009. This was not the case for other-orphaned or non-orphaned children. Age interacted with orphan status, such that there was a steep rise in psychological distress in the AIDS-orphaned group, but no rise with age amongst other-orphans and non-orphans. Conclusions:  Negative mental health outcomes amongst AIDS-orphaned children are maintained and worsen over a 4-year period. It is important that psychosocial support programmes are sustained, and focus on youth as well as young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02459.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Understanding desisting and persisting forms of delinquency: the unique contributions of disruptive behavior disorders and interpersonal callousness / Amy L. BYRD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.371-380 Titre : Understanding desisting and persisting forms of delinquency: the unique contributions of disruptive behavior disorders and interpersonal callousness Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Amy L. BYRD, Auteur ; Rolf LOEBER, Auteur ; Dustin A. PARDINI, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.371-380 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Delinquency persistence  conduct disorder  interpersonal callousness  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  While associations between conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and interpersonal callousness (IC) symptoms and delinquency onset are well established, less is known about whether these characteristics differentiate desisting and persisting delinquency. The current study examined whether childhood and adolescent CD, ODD, ADHD, and IC symptoms uniquely distinguished boys who exhibited persisting versus desisting delinquency from adolescence into adulthood. Methods:  Participants were 503 boys (57% African American) repeatedly assessed from ages 7 to 25. Associations between childhood and adolescent CD, ODD, ADHD, and IC symptoms and desisting and persisting delinquency were examined independently and after controlling for their co-occurrence and multiple covariates. Results:  Conduct disorder and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence were higher among boys whose delinquency persisted into adulthood relative to those boys whose delinquency desisted across time. After controlling for the overlap between symptoms of ADHD, ODD, CD and IC, only adolescent CD and IC symptoms emerged as unique predictors of the differentiation between persisters and desisters. Moreover, adolescent CD and IC symptoms continued to contribute unique variance even after childhood levels of these characteristics were accounted for. Conclusions:  Boys with elevated levels of CD and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence are at risk for exhibiting a pattern of delinquency that persists from adolescence into adulthood. Intervention efforts designed to prevent chronic delinquency should target youth with co-occurring CD and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02504.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Understanding desisting and persisting forms of delinquency: the unique contributions of disruptive behavior disorders and interpersonal callousness [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Amy L. BYRD, Auteur ; Rolf LOEBER, Auteur ; Dustin A. PARDINI, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.371-380. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.371-380 Mots-clés : Delinquency persistence  conduct disorder  interpersonal callousness  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  While associations between conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and interpersonal callousness (IC) symptoms and delinquency onset are well established, less is known about whether these characteristics differentiate desisting and persisting delinquency. The current study examined whether childhood and adolescent CD, ODD, ADHD, and IC symptoms uniquely distinguished boys who exhibited persisting versus desisting delinquency from adolescence into adulthood. Methods:  Participants were 503 boys (57% African American) repeatedly assessed from ages 7 to 25. Associations between childhood and adolescent CD, ODD, ADHD, and IC symptoms and desisting and persisting delinquency were examined independently and after controlling for their co-occurrence and multiple covariates. Results:  Conduct disorder and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence were higher among boys whose delinquency persisted into adulthood relative to those boys whose delinquency desisted across time. After controlling for the overlap between symptoms of ADHD, ODD, CD and IC, only adolescent CD and IC symptoms emerged as unique predictors of the differentiation between persisters and desisters. Moreover, adolescent CD and IC symptoms continued to contribute unique variance even after childhood levels of these characteristics were accounted for. Conclusions:  Boys with elevated levels of CD and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence are at risk for exhibiting a pattern of delinquency that persists from adolescence into adulthood. Intervention efforts designed to prevent chronic delinquency should target youth with co-occurring CD and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02504.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Adolescents’ self-reported suicide attempts, self-harm thoughts and their correlates across 17 European countries / A. KOKKEVI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.381-389 Titre : Adolescents’ self-reported suicide attempts, self-harm thoughts and their correlates across 17 European countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. KOKKEVI, Auteur ; V. ROTSIKA, Auteur ; A. ARAPAKI, Auteur ; C. RICHARDSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.381-389 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescents  self-reported suicide attempts  self-harm thoughts  European ESPAD school survey Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents in Europe. Self-harm thoughts and behaviours are documented precursors of completed suicide. It is therefore of great importance to investigate the prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts and their correlates, with the aim of preventing this major life-threatening public health problem. This study provides cross-national European data on self-reported suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescents. Methods:  Data were obtained from 45,806 high school students aged 15–16 years from 17 countries that participated in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) 2007 school survey. The standardised methods of the ESPAD survey ensure comparability across countries. Students completed an anonymous questionnaire in their classrooms. The prevalences of suicidal thoughts and attempts are reported as well as their sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates identified in logistic regression. Results:  The median prevalence of any lifetime self-reported suicide attempt was 10.5% across the participating countries (range 4.1%–23.5%). The median of frequent self-harm thoughts (at least five times) was 7.4% (range 2.1%–15.3%). Suicidal behaviour and thoughts had significant associations with gender, substance use, family integrity and socioeconomic status. Countries with higher prevalence of substance use tended to have a weaker association between substance use and self-reported suicide attempts. Conclusion:  Although self-reported self-harm thoughts and suicide attempts vary in prevalence within Europe, there are common correlates across countries. These have an important impact on understanding the phenomenon of suicide among young people and in guiding prevention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02457.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Adolescents’ self-reported suicide attempts, self-harm thoughts and their correlates across 17 European countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. KOKKEVI, Auteur ; V. ROTSIKA, Auteur ; A. ARAPAKI, Auteur ; C. RICHARDSON, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.381-389. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.381-389 Mots-clés : Adolescents  self-reported suicide attempts  self-harm thoughts  European ESPAD school survey Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents in Europe. Self-harm thoughts and behaviours are documented precursors of completed suicide. It is therefore of great importance to investigate the prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts and their correlates, with the aim of preventing this major life-threatening public health problem. This study provides cross-national European data on self-reported suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescents. Methods:  Data were obtained from 45,806 high school students aged 15–16 years from 17 countries that participated in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) 2007 school survey. The standardised methods of the ESPAD survey ensure comparability across countries. Students completed an anonymous questionnaire in their classrooms. The prevalences of suicidal thoughts and attempts are reported as well as their sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates identified in logistic regression. Results:  The median prevalence of any lifetime self-reported suicide attempt was 10.5% across the participating countries (range 4.1%–23.5%). The median of frequent self-harm thoughts (at least five times) was 7.4% (range 2.1%–15.3%). Suicidal behaviour and thoughts had significant associations with gender, substance use, family integrity and socioeconomic status. Countries with higher prevalence of substance use tended to have a weaker association between substance use and self-reported suicide attempts. Conclusion:  Although self-reported self-harm thoughts and suicide attempts vary in prevalence within Europe, there are common correlates across countries. These have an important impact on understanding the phenomenon of suicide among young people and in guiding prevention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02457.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Examination of neurological subtle signs in ADHD as a clinical tool for the diagnosis and their relationship to spatial working memory / Maite FERRIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.390-400 Titre : Examination of neurological subtle signs in ADHD as a clinical tool for the diagnosis and their relationship to spatial working memory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Alasdair VANCE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.390-400 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neurological subtle signs  ADHD, working memory  children/adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Neurological subtle signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities that have been shown to be increased in a number of neurodevelopmental conditions. For attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it remains unclear whether NSS may aid the clinical diagnostic process. Methods:  This study explored the association of total and specific domains of NSS in 1,055 children and adolescents with ADHD compared to 130 age-matched typically developing participants; the relationship between NSS and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) as a cognitive process integrally involved in ADHD was also assessed. To determine the diagnostic and predictive efficiency of NSS, a receiver operating curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) quantified. The best discriminant points for differentiating between ADHD and typically developing participants and the predictive power of NSS for SWM impairment in ADHD young people were also calculated. Results:  Area under the curves for total NSS, smoothness/accuracy, cerebellar signs and choreo-athetoid movements scores were considered good (.84, .79, .74 and .73 respectively), and the results remained after controlling for gender and IQ. A total score of 13 or over on the Scored Developmental Neurological Examination proved to be a good threshold point for differentiating between the ADHD and typically developing participants. For ADHD children, the AUC of total NSS to distinguish between those below 25th and above 75th percentile were .77 and .73 for Spatial Span and for Between Search Errors respectively (the two SWM-dependent measures examined). Conclusions:  This study provides evidence suggesting that NSS may aid the clinical evaluation of a child or adolescent with ADHD. In children and adolescents with ADHD, NSS are associated with difficulties in SWM, specifically the Spatial Span and Between Search Error components. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02496.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Examination of neurological subtle signs in ADHD as a clinical tool for the diagnosis and their relationship to spatial working memory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Alasdair VANCE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.390-400. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.390-400 Mots-clés : Neurological subtle signs  ADHD, working memory  children/adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Neurological subtle signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities that have been shown to be increased in a number of neurodevelopmental conditions. For attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it remains unclear whether NSS may aid the clinical diagnostic process. Methods:  This study explored the association of total and specific domains of NSS in 1,055 children and adolescents with ADHD compared to 130 age-matched typically developing participants; the relationship between NSS and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) as a cognitive process integrally involved in ADHD was also assessed. To determine the diagnostic and predictive efficiency of NSS, a receiver operating curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) quantified. The best discriminant points for differentiating between ADHD and typically developing participants and the predictive power of NSS for SWM impairment in ADHD young people were also calculated. Results:  Area under the curves for total NSS, smoothness/accuracy, cerebellar signs and choreo-athetoid movements scores were considered good (.84, .79, .74 and .73 respectively), and the results remained after controlling for gender and IQ. A total score of 13 or over on the Scored Developmental Neurological Examination proved to be a good threshold point for differentiating between the ADHD and typically developing participants. For ADHD children, the AUC of total NSS to distinguish between those below 25th and above 75th percentile were .77 and .73 for Spatial Span and for Between Search Errors respectively (the two SWM-dependent measures examined). Conclusions:  This study provides evidence suggesting that NSS may aid the clinical evaluation of a child or adolescent with ADHD. In children and adolescents with ADHD, NSS are associated with difficulties in SWM, specifically the Spatial Span and Between Search Error components. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02496.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Fathering and mothering in the family system: linking marital hostility and aggression in adopted toddlers / Carla SMITH STOVER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.401-409 Titre : Fathering and mothering in the family system: linking marital hostility and aggression in adopted toddlers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla SMITH STOVER, Auteur ; Christian M. CONNELL, Auteur ; Leslie D. LEVE, Auteur ; Jenae M. NEIDERHISER, Auteur ; Daniel S. SHAW, Auteur ; Laura V. SCARAMELLA, Auteur ; Rand D. CONGER, Auteur ; David REISS, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.401-409 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Marital hostility  parentingfathers  toddler aggression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Previous studies have linked marital conflict, parenting, and externalizing problems in early childhood. However, these studies have not examined whether genes account for these links nor have they examined whether contextual factors such as parental personality or financial distress might account for links between marital conflict and parenting. We used an adoption design to allow for a clear examination of environmental impact rather than shared genes of parents and children, and assessments of parental personality and financial strain to assess the effects of context on relationships between marriage and parenting of both mothers and fathers. Method:  Participants were 308 adoption-linked families comprised of an adopted child, her/his biological mother (BM), adoptive mother (AM) and adoptive father (AF). BMs were assessed 3–6 and 18 months postpartum and adoptive families were assessed when the child was 18 and 27 months old. Structural equations models were used to examine associations between marital hostility, fathers’ and mothers’ parenting hostility, and child aggressive behavior at 27 months of age. In addition, the contribution of financial strain and adoptive parent personality traits was examined to determine the associations with the spillover of marital hostility to hostile parenting. Results:  A hostile marital relationship was significantly associated with hostile parenting in fathers and mothers, which were associated with aggressive behavior in toddlers. Subjective financial strain was uniquely associated with marital hostility and child aggression. Antisocial personality traits were related to a more hostile/conflicted marital relationship and to hostile parenting. Conclusions:  Results clarify mechanisms that may account for the success of early parent–child prevention programs that include a focus on parental economic strain and personality in addition to parent training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02510.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Fathering and mothering in the family system: linking marital hostility and aggression in adopted toddlers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla SMITH STOVER, Auteur ; Christian M. CONNELL, Auteur ; Leslie D. LEVE, Auteur ; Jenae M. NEIDERHISER, Auteur ; Daniel S. SHAW, Auteur ; Laura V. SCARAMELLA, Auteur ; Rand D. CONGER, Auteur ; David REISS, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.401-409. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.401-409 Mots-clés : Marital hostility  parentingfathers  toddler aggression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Previous studies have linked marital conflict, parenting, and externalizing problems in early childhood. However, these studies have not examined whether genes account for these links nor have they examined whether contextual factors such as parental personality or financial distress might account for links between marital conflict and parenting. We used an adoption design to allow for a clear examination of environmental impact rather than shared genes of parents and children, and assessments of parental personality and financial strain to assess the effects of context on relationships between marriage and parenting of both mothers and fathers. Method:  Participants were 308 adoption-linked families comprised of an adopted child, her/his biological mother (BM), adoptive mother (AM) and adoptive father (AF). BMs were assessed 3–6 and 18 months postpartum and adoptive families were assessed when the child was 18 and 27 months old. Structural equations models were used to examine associations between marital hostility, fathers’ and mothers’ parenting hostility, and child aggressive behavior at 27 months of age. In addition, the contribution of financial strain and adoptive parent personality traits was examined to determine the associations with the spillover of marital hostility to hostile parenting. Results:  A hostile marital relationship was significantly associated with hostile parenting in fathers and mothers, which were associated with aggressive behavior in toddlers. Subjective financial strain was uniquely associated with marital hostility and child aggression. Antisocial personality traits were related to a more hostile/conflicted marital relationship and to hostile parenting. Conclusions:  Results clarify mechanisms that may account for the success of early parent–child prevention programs that include a focus on parental economic strain and personality in addition to parent training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02510.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Group cognitive behavior therapy for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: a randomized trial / Judy REAVEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.410-419 Titre : Group cognitive behavior therapy for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: a randomized trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judy REAVEN, Auteur ; Audrey BLAKELEY-SMITH, Auteur ; Kathy CULHANE-SHELBURNE, Auteur ; Susan HEPBURN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.410-419 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  anxiety  cognitive behavioral therapies  group Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at high risk for developing significant anxiety. Anxiety can adversely impact functioning across school, home and community environments. Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) are frequently used with success for children with anxiety symptoms. Modified CBT interventions for anxiety in children with ASD have also yielded promising results. Methods:  Fifty children with high-functioning ASD and anxiety were randomized to group CBT or treatment-as-usual (TAU) for 12 weeks. Independent clinical evaluators, blind to condition, completed structured interviews (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule – Parent Version; ADIS-P) pre- and post-intervention condition. Results:  Forty-seven children completed either the CBT or TAU condition. Results indicated markedly better outcomes for the CBT group. Significant differences by group were noted in Clinician Severity Ratings, diagnostic status, and clinician ratings of global improvement. In the intent-to-treat sample, 10 of 20 children (50%) in the CBT group had a clinically meaningful positive treatment response, compared to 2 of 23 children (8.7%) in the TAU group. Conclusions:  Initial results from this randomized, designed treatment study suggest that a group CBT intervention specifically developed for children with ASD may be effective in decreasing anxiety. Limitations of this study include small sample size, lack of an attention control group, and use of outcome measures normed with typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02486.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Group cognitive behavior therapy for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: a randomized trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judy REAVEN, Auteur ; Audrey BLAKELEY-SMITH, Auteur ; Kathy CULHANE-SHELBURNE, Auteur ; Susan HEPBURN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.410-419. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.410-419 Mots-clés : Autism  anxiety  cognitive behavioral therapies  group Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at high risk for developing significant anxiety. Anxiety can adversely impact functioning across school, home and community environments. Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) are frequently used with success for children with anxiety symptoms. Modified CBT interventions for anxiety in children with ASD have also yielded promising results. Methods:  Fifty children with high-functioning ASD and anxiety were randomized to group CBT or treatment-as-usual (TAU) for 12 weeks. Independent clinical evaluators, blind to condition, completed structured interviews (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule – Parent Version; ADIS-P) pre- and post-intervention condition. Results:  Forty-seven children completed either the CBT or TAU condition. Results indicated markedly better outcomes for the CBT group. Significant differences by group were noted in Clinician Severity Ratings, diagnostic status, and clinician ratings of global improvement. In the intent-to-treat sample, 10 of 20 children (50%) in the CBT group had a clinically meaningful positive treatment response, compared to 2 of 23 children (8.7%) in the TAU group. Conclusions:  Initial results from this randomized, designed treatment study suggest that a group CBT intervention specifically developed for children with ASD may be effective in decreasing anxiety. Limitations of this study include small sample size, lack of an attention control group, and use of outcome measures normed with typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02486.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome / DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.420-430 Titre : Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Lisa WHITTLE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.420-430 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye contact  gaze  Williams syndrome  gaze aversion  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  During face-to-face questioning, typically developing children and adults use gaze aversion (GA), away from their questioner, when thinking. GA increases with question difficulty and improves the accuracy of responses. This is the first study to investigate whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; associated with reduced sociability and atypical face gaze) and Williams syndrome (WS; associated with hypersociability and atypical face gaze) use GA to manage cognitive load during face-to-face interactions. Methods:  Two studies were conducted exploring the typicality of GA during face-to-face questioning in (a) ASD and (b) WS. Results:  In Study 1, children with ASD increased their GA as question difficulty increased. In addition, they used most GA when thinking about their responses to questions, mirroring evidence from typically developing children. An important atypicality for participants with ASD was a significantly higher level of GA when listening to interlocutors. In Study 2, participants with WS showed typical patterns of GA in relation to question difficulty and across different points of the interaction. Conclusions:  Two different neuro-developmental disorders, both characterized by significant problems with executive control of attention and atypicalities of social interactions, exhibited generally typical patterns of GA. All groups used most GA while thinking about questions, and increased their GA as questions got harder. In addition, children with ASD showed elevated levels of GA while listening to questions, but not while thinking about or making their responses, suggesting that they sometimes fail to see the relevance of attending to visual cues rather than actively avoiding them. Results have important implications for how professionals interpret GA in these populations and for social skills training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02481.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Lisa WHITTLE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.420-430. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.420-430 Mots-clés : Eye contact  gaze  Williams syndrome  gaze aversion  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  During face-to-face questioning, typically developing children and adults use gaze aversion (GA), away from their questioner, when thinking. GA increases with question difficulty and improves the accuracy of responses. This is the first study to investigate whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; associated with reduced sociability and atypical face gaze) and Williams syndrome (WS; associated with hypersociability and atypical face gaze) use GA to manage cognitive load during face-to-face interactions. Methods:  Two studies were conducted exploring the typicality of GA during face-to-face questioning in (a) ASD and (b) WS. Results:  In Study 1, children with ASD increased their GA as question difficulty increased. In addition, they used most GA when thinking about their responses to questions, mirroring evidence from typically developing children. An important atypicality for participants with ASD was a significantly higher level of GA when listening to interlocutors. In Study 2, participants with WS showed typical patterns of GA in relation to question difficulty and across different points of the interaction. Conclusions:  Two different neuro-developmental disorders, both characterized by significant problems with executive control of attention and atypicalities of social interactions, exhibited generally typical patterns of GA. All groups used most GA while thinking about questions, and increased their GA as questions got harder. In addition, children with ASD showed elevated levels of GA while listening to questions, but not while thinking about or making their responses, suggesting that they sometimes fail to see the relevance of attending to visual cues rather than actively avoiding them. Results have important implications for how professionals interpret GA in these populations and for social skills training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02481.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Making the connection: randomized controlled trial of social skills at school for children with autism spectrum disorders / Connie KASARI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.431-439 Titre : Making the connection: randomized controlled trial of social skills at school for children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connie KASARI, Auteur ; Erin ROTHERAM-FULLER, Auteur ; Jill LOCKE, Auteur ; Amanda C. GULSRUD, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.431-439 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social skills  autism spectrum disorders  peer relationships  sociometrics  school Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  This study compared two interventions for improving the social skills of high functioning children with autism spectrum disorders in general education classrooms. One intervention involved a peer-mediated approach (PEER) and the other involved a child-assisted approach (CHILD). Method:  The two interventions were crossed in a 2 × 2 factorial design yielding control, PEER, CHILD, and both PEER and CHILD conditions. Sixty children participated from 56 classrooms in 30 schools. Interventions involved 12 sessions over 6 weeks, with a 3-month follow-up. Outcome measures included self, peer and teacher reports of social skills and independent weekly observations of children on their school playground over the course of the intervention. Results:  Significant improvements were found in social network salience, number of friendship nominations, teacher report of social skills in the classroom, and decreased isolation on the playground for children who received PEER interventions. Changes obtained at the end of the treatment persisted to the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions:  These data suggest that significant improvements can be made in peer social connections for children with autism spectrum disorders in general education classrooms with a brief intervention, and that these gains persist over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02493.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Making the connection: randomized controlled trial of social skills at school for children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connie KASARI, Auteur ; Erin ROTHERAM-FULLER, Auteur ; Jill LOCKE, Auteur ; Amanda C. GULSRUD, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.431-439. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.431-439 Mots-clés : Social skills  autism spectrum disorders  peer relationships  sociometrics  school Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  This study compared two interventions for improving the social skills of high functioning children with autism spectrum disorders in general education classrooms. One intervention involved a peer-mediated approach (PEER) and the other involved a child-assisted approach (CHILD). Method:  The two interventions were crossed in a 2 × 2 factorial design yielding control, PEER, CHILD, and both PEER and CHILD conditions. Sixty children participated from 56 classrooms in 30 schools. Interventions involved 12 sessions over 6 weeks, with a 3-month follow-up. Outcome measures included self, peer and teacher reports of social skills and independent weekly observations of children on their school playground over the course of the intervention. Results:  Significant improvements were found in social network salience, number of friendship nominations, teacher report of social skills in the classroom, and decreased isolation on the playground for children who received PEER interventions. Changes obtained at the end of the treatment persisted to the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions:  These data suggest that significant improvements can be made in peer social connections for children with autism spectrum disorders in general education classrooms with a brief intervention, and that these gains persist over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02493.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Cognitive control and conflict adaptation in youth with high-functioning autism / Michael J. LARSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.440-448 Titre : Cognitive control and conflict adaptation in youth with high-functioning autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael J. LARSON, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Peter E. CLAYSON, Auteur ; Ann CLAWSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.440-448 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : N2  event-related potential  autism  conflict adaptation  cognitive control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show deficits in cognitive control processes, potentially contributing to characteristic difficulties monitoring and regulating behavior. Modification of performance following conflict can be measured by examining conflict adaptation, the adjustment of cognitive resources based on previous-trial conflict. The electrophysiological correlates of these processes can be measured using the N2, a stimulus-locked component of the event-related potential (ERP). Methods:  High-density ERPs and behavioral data [i.e. response times (RTs) and error rates] were acquired while 28 youth with ASD and 36 typically developing controls completed a modified Eriksen flanker task. Results:  Behaviorally, groups showed similar conflict adaptation effects; youth with ASD showed larger RT slowing on switch trials. For electrophysiology, controls demonstrated larger N2 amplitudes for incongruent (high-conflict) trials following congruent (low-conflict) trials than for incongruent trials following incongruent trials. Importantly, youth with ASD showed no such differences in N2 amplitude based on previous-trial conflict. Conclusions:  Lack of electrophysiological conflict adaptation effects in youth with ASD indicates irregular neural processing associated with conflict adaptation. Individuals with ASD show declines in level of conflict evaluation and adaptation. Future research is necessary to accurately characterize and understand the behavioral implications of these cognitive control deficits relative to diagnostic severity, anxiety, and personality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02498.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Cognitive control and conflict adaptation in youth with high-functioning autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael J. LARSON, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Peter E. CLAYSON, Auteur ; Ann CLAWSON, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.440-448. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.440-448 Mots-clés : N2  event-related potential  autism  conflict adaptation  cognitive control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show deficits in cognitive control processes, potentially contributing to characteristic difficulties monitoring and regulating behavior. Modification of performance following conflict can be measured by examining conflict adaptation, the adjustment of cognitive resources based on previous-trial conflict. The electrophysiological correlates of these processes can be measured using the N2, a stimulus-locked component of the event-related potential (ERP). Methods:  High-density ERPs and behavioral data [i.e. response times (RTs) and error rates] were acquired while 28 youth with ASD and 36 typically developing controls completed a modified Eriksen flanker task. Results:  Behaviorally, groups showed similar conflict adaptation effects; youth with ASD showed larger RT slowing on switch trials. For electrophysiology, controls demonstrated larger N2 amplitudes for incongruent (high-conflict) trials following congruent (low-conflict) trials than for incongruent trials following incongruent trials. Importantly, youth with ASD showed no such differences in N2 amplitude based on previous-trial conflict. Conclusions:  Lack of electrophysiological conflict adaptation effects in youth with ASD indicates irregular neural processing associated with conflict adaptation. Individuals with ASD show declines in level of conflict evaluation and adaptation. Future research is necessary to accurately characterize and understand the behavioral implications of these cognitive control deficits relative to diagnostic severity, anxiety, and personality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02498.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152