Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder / Kelly POWELL in Autism Research, 15-7 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1336-1347 Titre : Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kelly POWELL, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Emma BRENNAN-WYDRA, Auteur ; Hannah FEINER, Auteur ; Maureen BUTLER, Auteur ; Diogo GONCALVES FORTES, Auteur ; Alexandra BOXBERGER, Auteur ; Mariana TORRES-VISO, Auteur ; Chelsea D. MORGAN, Auteur ; Megan LYONS, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1336-1347 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  executive function  sibling  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning (EF) deficits co-occur frequently with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a long-term detrimental impact on quality of life of children and their families. Timely identification of risk for EF vulnerabilities may hasten access to early intervention and alleviate their long-term consequences. This study examines (1) if EF deficits are elevated in toddlers with ASD compared to nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, typically developing (TYP) toddlers, and toddlers with atypical developmental presentation; and (2) if EF deficits have a detrimental effect on adaptive functioning in ASD. Participants were recruited between September 2014 and October 2019 and included 73 toddlers with ASD, 33 nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, 35 toddlers with atypical development, and 28 TYP toddlers matched on chronological age (M = 39.01 months, SD = 3.11). EF deficits were measured using the BRIEF-P; adaptive skills were measured using the VABS-II. Whenever appropriate, analyses were controlled for MSEL verbal and nonverbal developmental quotient, ADOS-2 autism severity scores, and sex. Analyses revealed that toddlers with ASD exhibited elevated BRIEF-P scores across all domains compared to each of the three comparison groups. Higher BRIEF-P scores were associated with lower adaptive social, communication, and daily living skills while controlling for symptom severity, verbal and nonverbal functioning, and sex. In conclusion, marked vulnerabilities in EF are already present in 3-year-old toddlers with ASD and are predictive of the level of adaptive functioning in ASD. EF vulnerabilities in toddlers should be targeted for intervention to improve long-term outcomes in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Many children with autism experience vulnerabilities in executive functioning (EF), which may include challenges with inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning. The study shows that these vulnerabilities can already be detected at age three and that their presence is linked with lower social, communication, and daily living skills. Screening children with ASD for EF challenges and helping those who have difficulties may improve their long-term outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2715 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Kelly POWELL, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Emma BRENNAN-WYDRA, Auteur ; Hannah FEINER, Auteur ; Maureen BUTLER, Auteur ; Diogo GONCALVES FORTES, Auteur ; Alexandra BOXBERGER, Auteur ; Mariana TORRES-VISO, Auteur ; Chelsea D. MORGAN, Auteur ; Megan LYONS, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur . - p.1336-1347. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1336-1347 Mots-clés : autism  executive function  sibling  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning (EF) deficits co-occur frequently with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a long-term detrimental impact on quality of life of children and their families. Timely identification of risk for EF vulnerabilities may hasten access to early intervention and alleviate their long-term consequences. This study examines (1) if EF deficits are elevated in toddlers with ASD compared to nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, typically developing (TYP) toddlers, and toddlers with atypical developmental presentation; and (2) if EF deficits have a detrimental effect on adaptive functioning in ASD. Participants were recruited between September 2014 and October 2019 and included 73 toddlers with ASD, 33 nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, 35 toddlers with atypical development, and 28 TYP toddlers matched on chronological age (M = 39.01 months, SD = 3.11). EF deficits were measured using the BRIEF-P; adaptive skills were measured using the VABS-II. Whenever appropriate, analyses were controlled for MSEL verbal and nonverbal developmental quotient, ADOS-2 autism severity scores, and sex. Analyses revealed that toddlers with ASD exhibited elevated BRIEF-P scores across all domains compared to each of the three comparison groups. Higher BRIEF-P scores were associated with lower adaptive social, communication, and daily living skills while controlling for symptom severity, verbal and nonverbal functioning, and sex. In conclusion, marked vulnerabilities in EF are already present in 3-year-old toddlers with ASD and are predictive of the level of adaptive functioning in ASD. EF vulnerabilities in toddlers should be targeted for intervention to improve long-term outcomes in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Many children with autism experience vulnerabilities in executive functioning (EF), which may include challenges with inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning. The study shows that these vulnerabilities can already be detected at age three and that their presence is linked with lower social, communication, and daily living skills. Screening children with ASD for EF challenges and helping those who have difficulties may improve their long-term outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2715 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Puppets facilitate attention to social cues in children with ASD / Suzanne L. MACARI in Autism Research, 14-9 (September 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1975-1985 Titre : Puppets facilitate attention to social cues in children with ASD Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Xinyuan CHEN, Auteur ; Ludivine BRUNISSEN, Auteur ; Eukyung YHANG, Auteur ; Emma BRENNAN-WYDRA, Auteur ; Angelina VERNETTI, Auteur ; Fred R. VOLKMAR, Auteur ; Jennifer CHANG, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p.1975-1985 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child, Preschool  Communication  Cues  Humans  attention  eye tracking  puppets Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diminished visual attention to faces of social partners represents one of the early characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we examine if the introduction of puppets as social partners alters attention to speakers' faces in young children with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. Children with ASD (N = 37; M(age)  = 49.44 months) and TD (N = 27; M(age)  = 40.66 months) viewed a video depicting a puppet and a human engaged in a conversation. Dwell time on these faces was analyzed as a function of group and speaker's identity. Unlike TD controls, the ASD group exhibited limited visual attention to and chance-level visual preference for the human speaker. However, attention to and preference for the puppet speaker's face was greater than chance and comparable across the two groups. While there was a strong association between low human speaker preference and high autism severity, no association with autism severity was found for puppet speaker preference. Unlike humans, expressive and verbal puppets attracted the attention of children with ASD at levels comparable to that of TD controls. Considering that puppets can engage in reciprocal interactions and deliver simplified, salient social-communicative cues, they may facilitate therapeutic efforts in children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: While studies have shown support for therapeutic uses of robots with children with autism, other similar agents such as puppets remain to be explored. When shown a video of a conversation between a puppet and a person, young children with ASD paid as much attention to the puppet's face as typically-developing (TD) children. Since puppets can engage in back-and-forth interactions and model social interactions and communication, they may play a promising role in therapeutic efforts for young children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2552 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Puppets facilitate attention to social cues in children with ASD [texte imprimé] / Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Xinyuan CHEN, Auteur ; Ludivine BRUNISSEN, Auteur ; Eukyung YHANG, Auteur ; Emma BRENNAN-WYDRA, Auteur ; Angelina VERNETTI, Auteur ; Fred R. VOLKMAR, Auteur ; Jennifer CHANG, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur . - 2021 . - p.1975-1985. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1975-1985 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child, Preschool  Communication  Cues  Humans  attention  eye tracking  puppets Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diminished visual attention to faces of social partners represents one of the early characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we examine if the introduction of puppets as social partners alters attention to speakers' faces in young children with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. Children with ASD (N = 37; M(age)  = 49.44 months) and TD (N = 27; M(age)  = 40.66 months) viewed a video depicting a puppet and a human engaged in a conversation. Dwell time on these faces was analyzed as a function of group and speaker's identity. Unlike TD controls, the ASD group exhibited limited visual attention to and chance-level visual preference for the human speaker. However, attention to and preference for the puppet speaker's face was greater than chance and comparable across the two groups. While there was a strong association between low human speaker preference and high autism severity, no association with autism severity was found for puppet speaker preference. Unlike humans, expressive and verbal puppets attracted the attention of children with ASD at levels comparable to that of TD controls. Considering that puppets can engage in reciprocal interactions and deliver simplified, salient social-communicative cues, they may facilitate therapeutic efforts in children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: While studies have shown support for therapeutic uses of robots with children with autism, other similar agents such as puppets remain to be explored. When shown a video of a conversation between a puppet and a person, young children with ASD paid as much attention to the puppet's face as typically-developing (TD) children. Since puppets can engage in back-and-forth interactions and model social interactions and communication, they may play a promising role in therapeutic efforts for young children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2552 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

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