Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety / Edmund J.S. SONUGA-BARKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.321-349 Titre : Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edmund J.S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.321-349 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Transdiagnostic  decision making  reinforcement learning  delayed reinforcement  executive functions  working memory  inhibition  prefrontal cortex  ventral striatum  amygdala: CD  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Ineffective decision making is a major source of everyday functional impairment and reduced quality of life for young people with mental disorders. However, very little is known about what distinguishes decision making by individuals with different disorders or the neuropsychological processes or brain systems underlying these. This is the focus of the current review. Scope and methodology We first propose a neuroeconomic model of the decision-making process with separate stages for the prechoice evaluation of expected utility of future options; choice execution and postchoice management; the appraisal of outcome against expectation; and the updating of value estimates to guide future decisions. According to the proposed model, decision making is mediated by neuropsychological processes operating within three domains: (a) self-referential processes involved in autobiographical reflection on past, and prospection about future, experiences; (b) executive functions, such as working memory, inhibition, and planning, that regulate the implementation of decisions; and (c) processes involved in value estimation and outcome appraisal and learning. These processes are underpinned by the interplay of multiple brain networks, especially medial and lateralized cortical components of the default mode network, dorsal corticostriatal circuits underpinning higher order cognitive and behavioral control, and ventral frontostriatal circuits, connecting to brain regions implicated in emotion processing, that control valuation and learning processes. Findings and conclusion Based on clinical insights and considering each of the decision-making stages in turn, we outline disorder-specific hypotheses about impaired decision making in four childhood disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), depression, and anxiety. We hypothesize that decision making in ADHD is deficient (i.e. inefficient, insufficiently reflective, and inconsistent) and impulsive (biased toward immediate over delayed alternatives). In CD, it is reckless and insensitive to negative consequences. In depression, it is disengaged, perseverative, and pessimistic, while in anxiety, it is hesitant, risk-averse, and self-deprecating. A survey of current empirical indications related to these disorder-specific hypotheses highlights the limited and fragmentary nature of the evidence base and illustrates the need for a major research initiative in decision making in childhood disorders. The final section highlights a number of important additional general themes that need to be considered in future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12496 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Annual Research Review: Transdiagnostic neuroscience of child and adolescent mental disorders – differentiating decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety [texte imprimé] / Edmund J.S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur . - p.321-349. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.321-349 Mots-clés : Transdiagnostic  decision making  reinforcement learning  delayed reinforcement  executive functions  working memory  inhibition  prefrontal cortex  ventral striatum  amygdala: CD  attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Ineffective decision making is a major source of everyday functional impairment and reduced quality of life for young people with mental disorders. However, very little is known about what distinguishes decision making by individuals with different disorders or the neuropsychological processes or brain systems underlying these. This is the focus of the current review. Scope and methodology We first propose a neuroeconomic model of the decision-making process with separate stages for the prechoice evaluation of expected utility of future options; choice execution and postchoice management; the appraisal of outcome against expectation; and the updating of value estimates to guide future decisions. According to the proposed model, decision making is mediated by neuropsychological processes operating within three domains: (a) self-referential processes involved in autobiographical reflection on past, and prospection about future, experiences; (b) executive functions, such as working memory, inhibition, and planning, that regulate the implementation of decisions; and (c) processes involved in value estimation and outcome appraisal and learning. These processes are underpinned by the interplay of multiple brain networks, especially medial and lateralized cortical components of the default mode network, dorsal corticostriatal circuits underpinning higher order cognitive and behavioral control, and ventral frontostriatal circuits, connecting to brain regions implicated in emotion processing, that control valuation and learning processes. Findings and conclusion Based on clinical insights and considering each of the decision-making stages in turn, we outline disorder-specific hypotheses about impaired decision making in four childhood disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), depression, and anxiety. We hypothesize that decision making in ADHD is deficient (i.e. inefficient, insufficiently reflective, and inconsistent) and impulsive (biased toward immediate over delayed alternatives). In CD, it is reckless and insensitive to negative consequences. In depression, it is disengaged, perseverative, and pessimistic, while in anxiety, it is hesitant, risk-averse, and self-deprecating. A survey of current empirical indications related to these disorder-specific hypotheses highlights the limited and fragmentary nature of the evidence base and illustrates the need for a major research initiative in decision making in childhood disorders. The final section highlights a number of important additional general themes that need to be considered in future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12496 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Atypical neural responses to vocal anger in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Georgia CHRONAKI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-4 (April 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-4 (April 2015) . - p.477-487 Titre : Atypical neural responses to vocal anger in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Georgia CHRONAKI, Auteur ; Nicholas BENIKOS, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Edmund J.S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.477-487 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  conduct disorder  emotion processing  vocal  event-related potential  prosody Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deficits in facial emotion processing, reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have been linked to both early perceptual and later attentional components of event-related potentials (ERPs). However, the neural underpinnings of vocal emotion processing deficits in ADHD have yet to be characterised. Here, we report the first ERP study of vocal affective prosody processing in ADHD. Methods Event-related potentials of 6–11-year-old children with ADHD (n = 25) and typically developing controls (n = 25) were recorded as they completed a task measuring recognition of vocal prosodic stimuli (angry, happy and neutral). Audiometric assessments were conducted to screen for hearing impairments. Results Children with ADHD were less accurate than controls at recognising vocal anger. Relative to controls, they displayed enhanced N100 and attenuated P300 components to vocal anger. The P300 effect was reduced, but remained significant, after controlling for N100 effects by rebaselining. Only the N100 effect was significant when children with ADHD and comorbid conduct disorder (n = 10) were excluded. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence linking ADHD to atypical neural activity during the early perceptual stages of vocal anger processing. These effects may reflect preattentive hyper-vigilance to vocal anger in ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Atypical neural responses to vocal anger in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [texte imprimé] / Georgia CHRONAKI, Auteur ; Nicholas BENIKOS, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Edmund J.S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.477-487. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-4 (April 2015) . - p.477-487 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  conduct disorder  emotion processing  vocal  event-related potential  prosody Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deficits in facial emotion processing, reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have been linked to both early perceptual and later attentional components of event-related potentials (ERPs). However, the neural underpinnings of vocal emotion processing deficits in ADHD have yet to be characterised. Here, we report the first ERP study of vocal affective prosody processing in ADHD. Methods Event-related potentials of 6–11-year-old children with ADHD (n = 25) and typically developing controls (n = 25) were recorded as they completed a task measuring recognition of vocal prosodic stimuli (angry, happy and neutral). Audiometric assessments were conducted to screen for hearing impairments. Results Children with ADHD were less accurate than controls at recognising vocal anger. Relative to controls, they displayed enhanced N100 and attenuated P300 components to vocal anger. The P300 effect was reduced, but remained significant, after controlling for N100 effects by rebaselining. Only the N100 effect was significant when children with ADHD and comorbid conduct disorder (n = 10) were excluded. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence linking ADHD to atypical neural activity during the early perceptual stages of vocal anger processing. These effects may reflect preattentive hyper-vigilance to vocal anger in ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12312 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Brain structure abnormalities in adolescent girls with conduct disorder / Graeme FAIRCHILD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 86-95 Titre : Brain structure abnormalities in adolescent girls with conduct disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Cindy C. HAGAN, Auteur ; Nicholas D. WALSH, Auteur ; Luca PASSAMONTI, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 86-95 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  voxel-based morphometry  anterior insula  amygdala  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Conduct disorder (CD) in female adolescents is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including teenage pregnancy and antisocial personality disorder. Although recent studies have documented changes in brain structure and function in male adolescents with CD, there have been no neuroimaging studies of female adolescents with CD. Our primary objective was to investigate whether female adolescents with CD show changes in grey matter volume. Our secondary aim was to assess for sex differences in the relationship between CD and brain structure. Methods: Female adolescents with CD (n = 22) and healthy control participants matched in age, performance IQ and handedness (n = 20) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Group comparisons of grey matter volume were performed using voxel-based morphometry. We also tested for sex differences using archive data obtained from male CD and control participants. Results: Female adolescents with CD showed reduced bilateral anterior insula and right striatal grey matter volumes compared with healthy controls. Aggressive CD symptoms were negatively correlated with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume, whereas callous-unemotional traits were positively correlated with bilateral orbitofrontal cortex volume. The sex differences analyses revealed a main effect of diagnosis on right amygdala volume (reflecting reduced amygdala volume in the combined CD group relative to controls) and sex-by-diagnosis interactions in bilateral anterior insula. Conclusions: We observed structural abnormalities in brain regions involved in emotion processing, reward and empathy in female adolescents with CD, which broadly overlap with those reported in previous studies of CD in male adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02617.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 [article] Brain structure abnormalities in adolescent girls with conduct disorder [texte imprimé] / Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Cindy C. HAGAN, Auteur ; Nicholas D. WALSH, Auteur ; Luca PASSAMONTI, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur . - 86-95. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 86-95 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  voxel-based morphometry  anterior insula  amygdala  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Conduct disorder (CD) in female adolescents is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including teenage pregnancy and antisocial personality disorder. Although recent studies have documented changes in brain structure and function in male adolescents with CD, there have been no neuroimaging studies of female adolescents with CD. Our primary objective was to investigate whether female adolescents with CD show changes in grey matter volume. Our secondary aim was to assess for sex differences in the relationship between CD and brain structure. Methods: Female adolescents with CD (n = 22) and healthy control participants matched in age, performance IQ and handedness (n = 20) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Group comparisons of grey matter volume were performed using voxel-based morphometry. We also tested for sex differences using archive data obtained from male CD and control participants. Results: Female adolescents with CD showed reduced bilateral anterior insula and right striatal grey matter volumes compared with healthy controls. Aggressive CD symptoms were negatively correlated with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume, whereas callous-unemotional traits were positively correlated with bilateral orbitofrontal cortex volume. The sex differences analyses revealed a main effect of diagnosis on right amygdala volume (reflecting reduced amygdala volume in the combined CD group relative to controls) and sex-by-diagnosis interactions in bilateral anterior insula. Conclusions: We observed structural abnormalities in brain regions involved in emotion processing, reward and empathy in female adolescents with CD, which broadly overlap with those reported in previous studies of CD in male adolescents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02617.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186

Childhood trauma, adolescent risk behaviours and cardiovascular health indices in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort / Megan BAILEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-11 (November 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-11 (November 2025) . - p.1653-1663 Titre : Childhood trauma, adolescent risk behaviours and cardiovascular health indices in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Megan BAILEY, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Gemma HAMMERTON, Auteur ; Iná S. SANTOS, Auteur ; Luciana TOVO-RODRIGUES, Auteur ; Joseph MURRAY, Auteur ; Alicia MATIJASEVICH, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1653-1663 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood trauma  adolescent  substance use  psychophysiology  risk behaviours Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood trauma has been associated with increased risk of substance use and poor sleep, with these factors linked to subsequent poor cardiovascular health. However, there has been little longitudinal research exploring these associations in adolescence, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To address this, we investigated longitudinal pathways from trauma to risk behaviours and cardiovascular health indices among adolescents in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil. Methods Lifetime cumulative trauma was assessed via caregiver reports up to age 11, and combined adolescent/caregiver reports at ages 15 and 18. At age 18, current problematic alcohol use, smoking, illicit drug use and sleep duration were measured via self-report and resting heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were assessed. We tested for trauma risk behaviour?HR/BP associations using multivariable regression, population attributable fractions and counterfactual mediation. Results Of 4,229 adolescents (51.9% boys), 81.9% were trauma-exposed by age 18. Cumulative trauma up to ages 15 and 18 increased the odds of age 18 alcohol, smoking and drug use (adjusted ORs: 1.25?1.44). Sleep duration was unrelated to childhood trauma. Population attributable fractions indicated that childhood trauma explained ≥28% of age 18 substance use. Unexpectedly, greater trauma exposure was associated with lower resting HR and BP. Substance use partially mediated the effect of trauma on cardiovascular health indices. Conclusions Trauma is associated with substance use in LMIC adolescents. Prevention and intervention strategies targeting trauma are critical given this significant burden. Our finding that trauma predicts lower HR/BP warrants further exploration given well-established associations between trauma and poorer cardiovascular health in adulthood. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14173 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=570 [article] Childhood trauma, adolescent risk behaviours and cardiovascular health indices in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort [texte imprimé] / Megan BAILEY, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; Gemma HAMMERTON, Auteur ; Iná S. SANTOS, Auteur ; Luciana TOVO-RODRIGUES, Auteur ; Joseph MURRAY, Auteur ; Alicia MATIJASEVICH, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur . - p.1653-1663. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-11 (November 2025) . - p.1653-1663 Mots-clés : Childhood trauma  adolescent  substance use  psychophysiology  risk behaviours Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood trauma has been associated with increased risk of substance use and poor sleep, with these factors linked to subsequent poor cardiovascular health. However, there has been little longitudinal research exploring these associations in adolescence, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To address this, we investigated longitudinal pathways from trauma to risk behaviours and cardiovascular health indices among adolescents in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil. Methods Lifetime cumulative trauma was assessed via caregiver reports up to age 11, and combined adolescent/caregiver reports at ages 15 and 18. At age 18, current problematic alcohol use, smoking, illicit drug use and sleep duration were measured via self-report and resting heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were assessed. We tested for trauma risk behaviour?HR/BP associations using multivariable regression, population attributable fractions and counterfactual mediation. Results Of 4,229 adolescents (51.9% boys), 81.9% were trauma-exposed by age 18. Cumulative trauma up to ages 15 and 18 increased the odds of age 18 alcohol, smoking and drug use (adjusted ORs: 1.25?1.44). Sleep duration was unrelated to childhood trauma. Population attributable fractions indicated that childhood trauma explained ≥28% of age 18 substance use. Unexpectedly, greater trauma exposure was associated with lower resting HR and BP. Substance use partially mediated the effect of trauma on cardiovascular health indices. Conclusions Trauma is associated with substance use in LMIC adolescents. Prevention and intervention strategies targeting trauma are critical given this significant burden. Our finding that trauma predicts lower HR/BP warrants further exploration given well-established associations between trauma and poorer cardiovascular health in adulthood. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14173 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=570

Commentary: I don’t second that emotion: subjective experience of fear in adolescents with psychopathic traits – reflections on Marsh et al. (2011) / Graeme FAIRCHILD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-8 (August 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-8 (August 2011) . - p.842-843 Titre : Commentary: I don’t second that emotion: subjective experience of fear in adolescents with psychopathic traits – reflections on Marsh et al. (2011) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.842-843 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02428.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=132 [article] Commentary: I don’t second that emotion: subjective experience of fear in adolescents with psychopathic traits – reflections on Marsh et al. (2011) [texte imprimé] / Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.842-843. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-8 (August 2011) . - p.842-843 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02428.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=132

Deficits in facial expression recognition in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder / Graeme FAIRCHILD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-5 (May 2009)  

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Does comorbid anxiety counteract emotion recognition deficits in conduct disorder? / Roxanna M.L. SHORT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

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Empathic Accuracy and Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Young Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder / Karen MCKENZIE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)  

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Facial emotion recognition and eye movement behaviour in conduct disorder / N.A. MARTIN‐KEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-3 (March 2018)  

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How can the study of biological processes help design new interventions for children with severe antisocial behavior? / Stephanie H.M. VAN GOOZEN in Development and Psychopathology, 20-3 (Summer 2008)  

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Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry / Stephane A. DE BRITO ; Graeme FAIRCHILD ; Christine M. FREITAG ; Karen GONZALEZ-MADRUGA ; Catherine HAMILTON-GIACHRITSIS ; Gregor KOHLS ; Kerstin KONRAD ; Anne MARTINELLI ; Nora RASCHLE ; Jack C. ROGERS ; Areti SMARAGDI ; Christina STADLER ; Marlene STAGINNUS ; Nicola TOSCHI in Development and Psychopathology, 35-5 (December 2023)  

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Mapping the structural organization of the brain in conduct disorder: replication of findings in two independent samples / Graeme FAIRCHILD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

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Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous–unemotional traits / Ruth PAULI in Development and Psychopathology, 33-3 (August 2021)  

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Research Review: Evaluating and reformulating the developmental taxonomic theory of antisocial behaviour / Graeme FAIRCHILD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-9 (September 2013)  

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Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder / Kerstin KONRAD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-2 (February 2022)  

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