Exploring the mediating effect of camouflaging and the moderating effect of autistic identity on the relationship between autistic traits and mental wellbeing / Sarah CASSIDY ; Jacqui RODGERS in Autism Research, 17-7 (July 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1391-1406 Titre : Exploring the mediating effect of camouflaging and the moderating effect of autistic identity on the relationship between autistic traits and mental wellbeing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1391-1406 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Mental health difficulties are prevalent among autistic adults. Camouflaging (behaving differently to fit in) may be a mechanism by which autistic traits and mental health difficulties relate to each other, but little research has considered the role of different facets of camouflaging. Additionally, autistic identity might buffer against camouflaging and mental health difficulties. This research aims to explore the mediating effects of camouflaging behaviours on the relationship between autistic traits and both positive and negative mental wellbeing, as well as how autistic identity might moderate the relationship between autistic traits and camouflaging, and also mental health. Data were available for 627 autistic adults, recruited through volunteer databases and social media. Participants completed measures of autistic traits, anxiety, depression, positive wellbeing, camouflaging behaviours (compensating for difficulties, masking, and assimilating/putting on an act) and autistic identity. Mediation and moderated mediation models were tested, applying 95% bootstrapped CIs (10,000 resamples) and including age, gender and diagnosis as covariates. There were no significant direct effects between autistic traits and mental wellbeing. Assimilation was a significant mediator of all mental wellbeing measures, and compensation was a significant mediator of positive wellbeing only. Autistic identity was not a significant moderator. Assimilation and compensation should be considered when offering psychological interventions to support mental wellbeing of autistic people. Additional research into external drivers of camouflaging (e.g. stigma) and mechanisms by which camouflaging impacts mental wellbeing, such as autonomy, authenticity, skill mastery and community, may identify other areas of support. Concurrently, societal change is necessary to reduce the need to camouflage. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3073 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533 [article] Exploring the mediating effect of camouflaging and the moderating effect of autistic identity on the relationship between autistic traits and mental wellbeing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur . - p.1391-1406. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1391-1406 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Mental health difficulties are prevalent among autistic adults. Camouflaging (behaving differently to fit in) may be a mechanism by which autistic traits and mental health difficulties relate to each other, but little research has considered the role of different facets of camouflaging. Additionally, autistic identity might buffer against camouflaging and mental health difficulties. This research aims to explore the mediating effects of camouflaging behaviours on the relationship between autistic traits and both positive and negative mental wellbeing, as well as how autistic identity might moderate the relationship between autistic traits and camouflaging, and also mental health. Data were available for 627 autistic adults, recruited through volunteer databases and social media. Participants completed measures of autistic traits, anxiety, depression, positive wellbeing, camouflaging behaviours (compensating for difficulties, masking, and assimilating/putting on an act) and autistic identity. Mediation and moderated mediation models were tested, applying 95% bootstrapped CIs (10,000 resamples) and including age, gender and diagnosis as covariates. There were no significant direct effects between autistic traits and mental wellbeing. Assimilation was a significant mediator of all mental wellbeing measures, and compensation was a significant mediator of positive wellbeing only. Autistic identity was not a significant moderator. Assimilation and compensation should be considered when offering psychological interventions to support mental wellbeing of autistic people. Additional research into external drivers of camouflaging (e.g. stigma) and mechanisms by which camouflaging impacts mental wellbeing, such as autonomy, authenticity, skill mastery and community, may identify other areas of support. Concurrently, societal change is necessary to reduce the need to camouflage. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3073 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533

A Measurement Invariance Analysis of the Anxiety Scale for Autism-Adults in a Sample of Autistic and Non-Autistic Men and Women / Heather L. MOORE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 55-3 (March 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-3 (March 2025) . - p.981-996 Titre : A Measurement Invariance Analysis of the Anxiety Scale for Autism-Adults in a Sample of Autistic and Non-Autistic Men and Women Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Heather L. MOORE, Auteur ; Mark FREESTON, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.981-996 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Anxiety Scale for Autism-Adults (ASA-A) captures the autistic anxiety experience, but we do not know whether it is structurally equivalent for men and women, or non-autistic people. Measurement invariance analysis considered gender and diagnostic status (342 cis-gender autistic men (N = 105) and women (N = 237), 316 cis-gender non-autistic men (N = 104) and women (N = 212)). Strict invariance was achieved between autistic men and women and between non-autistic men and women, but the ASA-A structure is quantitatively different in autistic compared to non-autistic adults. Therefore, this tool cannot be used to directly compare anxiety between these groups. Autistic women scored significantly higher on the ASA-A than autistic men and Uncertainty was the highest scoring factor for autistic participants. Future research should include alternative gender identities. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06260-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=548 [article] A Measurement Invariance Analysis of the Anxiety Scale for Autism-Adults in a Sample of Autistic and Non-Autistic Men and Women [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Heather L. MOORE, Auteur ; Mark FREESTON, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur . - p.981-996. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-3 (March 2025) . - p.981-996 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Anxiety Scale for Autism-Adults (ASA-A) captures the autistic anxiety experience, but we do not know whether it is structurally equivalent for men and women, or non-autistic people. Measurement invariance analysis considered gender and diagnostic status (342 cis-gender autistic men (N = 105) and women (N = 237), 316 cis-gender non-autistic men (N = 104) and women (N = 212)). Strict invariance was achieved between autistic men and women and between non-autistic men and women, but the ASA-A structure is quantitatively different in autistic compared to non-autistic adults. Therefore, this tool cannot be used to directly compare anxiety between these groups. Autistic women scored significantly higher on the ASA-A than autistic men and Uncertainty was the highest scoring factor for autistic participants. Future research should include alternative gender identities. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06260-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=548

Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample / Rachel L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 45 p. Titre : Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 45 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Female  Suicidal Ideation  Cross-Sectional Studies  Risk Factors  Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology  Pain  Acquired capability  Nssi  Suicide  have no competing interests. Professor Baron-Cohen declares a competing interest  as per his role as Editor-in-Chief at Molecular Autism. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been linked with a higher risk of suicide attempts in autistic and non-autistic people. In the general population, NSSI may confer acquired capability for suicide by eroding one's fear and avoidance of pain and death. The present study aimed to explore acquired capability as the mediator of increased suicide risk conferred by NSSI in autistic and non-autistic adults. METHODS: Autistic and non-autistic adults (n=314, n=312) completed an online survey exploring lifetime suicide attempts, experience with NSSI, and acquired capability for suicide. We explored relationships between lifetime incidence of NSSI and lifetime suicide attempts via three facets of acquired capability (pain tolerance, reduced fear of death, and mental rehearsal of suicide). In self-harming participants (224 autistic and 156 non-autistic), we explored whether particular types and features of NSSI might be especially associated with capability and through that with suicide: namely engagement in scratching, cutting, and self-hitting, and engaging in more numerous forms of NSSI. RESULTS: While a higher frequency of NSSI was associated with all three facets of acquired capability, only reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal of suicide mediated an indirect relationship with lifetime suicide attempts. NSSI also directly predicted more numerous suicide attempts. Autistic people tended towards reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal regardless of NSSI status. Among self-harming autistic and non-autistic participants, cutting and an increased number of NSSI behaviours were associated with lifetime suicide attempts directly and indirectly via acquired capability. In both groups, self-hitting was associated with lifetime suicide attempts only via acquired capability. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional methodology negates inferences of directionality. While we controlled for age, our samples were poorly matched, with the autistic group two times older on average. The autistic sample, predominantly late-diagnosed, female and highly qualified, were unrepresentative of the whole autistic community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acquired capability, as measured herein, is an incomplete explanation for the association between NSSI and suicide risk. A broader construct with stable and transient facets may offer greater explanatory power, but it is probable that other variables explain or provide additional means through which this association arises. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00522-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 45 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 45 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Female  Suicidal Ideation  Cross-Sectional Studies  Risk Factors  Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology  Pain  Acquired capability  Nssi  Suicide  have no competing interests. Professor Baron-Cohen declares a competing interest  as per his role as Editor-in-Chief at Molecular Autism. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been linked with a higher risk of suicide attempts in autistic and non-autistic people. In the general population, NSSI may confer acquired capability for suicide by eroding one's fear and avoidance of pain and death. The present study aimed to explore acquired capability as the mediator of increased suicide risk conferred by NSSI in autistic and non-autistic adults. METHODS: Autistic and non-autistic adults (n=314, n=312) completed an online survey exploring lifetime suicide attempts, experience with NSSI, and acquired capability for suicide. We explored relationships between lifetime incidence of NSSI and lifetime suicide attempts via three facets of acquired capability (pain tolerance, reduced fear of death, and mental rehearsal of suicide). In self-harming participants (224 autistic and 156 non-autistic), we explored whether particular types and features of NSSI might be especially associated with capability and through that with suicide: namely engagement in scratching, cutting, and self-hitting, and engaging in more numerous forms of NSSI. RESULTS: While a higher frequency of NSSI was associated with all three facets of acquired capability, only reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal of suicide mediated an indirect relationship with lifetime suicide attempts. NSSI also directly predicted more numerous suicide attempts. Autistic people tended towards reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal regardless of NSSI status. Among self-harming autistic and non-autistic participants, cutting and an increased number of NSSI behaviours were associated with lifetime suicide attempts directly and indirectly via acquired capability. In both groups, self-hitting was associated with lifetime suicide attempts only via acquired capability. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional methodology negates inferences of directionality. While we controlled for age, our samples were poorly matched, with the autistic group two times older on average. The autistic sample, predominantly late-diagnosed, female and highly qualified, were unrepresentative of the whole autistic community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acquired capability, as measured herein, is an incomplete explanation for the association between NSSI and suicide risk. A broader construct with stable and transient facets may offer greater explanatory power, but it is probable that other variables explain or provide additional means through which this association arises. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00522-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Suicidality and Self-Harm in Autism Spectrum Conditions / Sarah CASSIDY

Public ISBD in The Oxford Handbook of Autism and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Conditions / Susan W. WHITE Titre : Suicidality and Self-Harm in Autism Spectrum Conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Importance : p.349-368 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : AUT-B AUT-B - L'Autisme - Ouvrages généraux et scientifiques Résumé : Self-harm and suicidality in autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) have been underresearched. However, there is now convincing evidence that suicide is a leading cause of early death in the autistic community, and the prevalence of self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and suicidal behaviors is significantly elevated in autistic children and adults compared to the general population and psychiatric groups. Less research is currently available exploring the reasons why (etiology), how to assess or measure self-harm and suicidality, or how to treat these difficulties in autistic people. This chapter will summarize existing evidence on this topic and provide recommendations for future research and clinical practice to improve understanding, assessment, and prevention of self-harm and suicidality in ASD. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=528 in The Oxford Handbook of Autism and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Conditions / Susan W. WHITE Suicidality and Self-Harm in Autism Spectrum Conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur . - 2020 . - p.349-368. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : AUT-B AUT-B - L'Autisme - Ouvrages généraux et scientifiques Résumé : Self-harm and suicidality in autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) have been underresearched. However, there is now convincing evidence that suicide is a leading cause of early death in the autistic community, and the prevalence of self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and suicidal behaviors is significantly elevated in autistic children and adults compared to the general population and psychiatric groups. Less research is currently available exploring the reasons why (etiology), how to assess or measure self-harm and suicidality, or how to treat these difficulties in autistic people. This chapter will summarize existing evidence on this topic and provide recommendations for future research and clinical practice to improve understanding, assessment, and prevention of self-harm and suicidality in ASD. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=528

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of suicidality in autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability / Lucy PHILLIPS ; Chris JONES ; Ellen TOWNSEND ; Caroline RICHARDS ; Sarah CASSIDY in Molecular Autism, 14 (2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 12 p. Titre : A systematic review and meta-analysis of suicidality in autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lucy PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Chris JONES, Auteur ; Ellen TOWNSEND, Auteur ; Caroline RICHARDS, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Suicidality is highly prevalent in autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disabilities, and high autistic traits are found in adults who have attempted suicide. However, prevalence rates for both autistic and possibly autistic people have not been synthesised meta-analytically. AIMS: To (1) calculate pooled prevalence estimates of suicidality in autistic people and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability; (2) evaluate the influence of participant and study level characteristics on heterogeneity; and (3) determine the quality of evidence. METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science were systematically searched from 1992 to January 25, 2022. Empirical quantitative studies reporting prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plans, or suicide attempts and behaviours were considered for inclusion. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence of each suicidality outcome with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was explored using sensitivity and moderator analyses. RESULTS: Data from 48,186 autistic and possibly autistic participants in 36 primary studies were meta-analysed. Pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 34.2% (95% CI 27.9-40.5), suicide plans 21.9% (13.4-30.4), and suicidal attempts and behaviours 24.3% (18.9-29.6). High levels of heterogeneity (I(2)>75) were observed in all three analyses. Estimates did not differ between autistic or possibly autistic samples. Geographical location (p=0.005), transgender or gender non-conforming samples (p<0.001) and type of report (p<0.001) significantly moderated suicidal ideation, whereas age group (p=0.001) and measure of suicidality (p=0.001) significantly moderated suicide plans. There was a significant association between the proportion of male participants and prevalence of suicide plans, with a decrease in the proportion of males for every unit change of suicide plan prevalence (p=0.013). No variables were found to moderate estimates of suicide attempts and behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm suicidality is highly prevalent in both autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability and highlights potential moderators. Possibly autistic individuals require more attention in clinical and research considerations going forward to further understand and prevent suicide in both groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00544-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] A systematic review and meta-analysis of suicidality in autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lucy PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Chris JONES, Auteur ; Ellen TOWNSEND, Auteur ; Caroline RICHARDS, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur . - 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 12 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Suicidality is highly prevalent in autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disabilities, and high autistic traits are found in adults who have attempted suicide. However, prevalence rates for both autistic and possibly autistic people have not been synthesised meta-analytically. AIMS: To (1) calculate pooled prevalence estimates of suicidality in autistic people and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability; (2) evaluate the influence of participant and study level characteristics on heterogeneity; and (3) determine the quality of evidence. METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science were systematically searched from 1992 to January 25, 2022. Empirical quantitative studies reporting prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plans, or suicide attempts and behaviours were considered for inclusion. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence of each suicidality outcome with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was explored using sensitivity and moderator analyses. RESULTS: Data from 48,186 autistic and possibly autistic participants in 36 primary studies were meta-analysed. Pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 34.2% (95% CI 27.9-40.5), suicide plans 21.9% (13.4-30.4), and suicidal attempts and behaviours 24.3% (18.9-29.6). High levels of heterogeneity (I(2)>75) were observed in all three analyses. Estimates did not differ between autistic or possibly autistic samples. Geographical location (p=0.005), transgender or gender non-conforming samples (p<0.001) and type of report (p<0.001) significantly moderated suicidal ideation, whereas age group (p=0.001) and measure of suicidality (p=0.001) significantly moderated suicide plans. There was a significant association between the proportion of male participants and prevalence of suicide plans, with a decrease in the proportion of males for every unit change of suicide plan prevalence (p=0.013). No variables were found to moderate estimates of suicide attempts and behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm suicidality is highly prevalent in both autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability and highlights potential moderators. Possibly autistic individuals require more attention in clinical and research considerations going forward to further understand and prevent suicide in both groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00544-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

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