Autistic and non-autistic prosocial decision-making: The impact of recipient neurotype / Peter RUSH in Research in Autism, 128 (October 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism > 128 (October 2025) . - p.202710 Titre : Autistic and non-autistic prosocial decision-making: The impact of recipient neurotype Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter RUSH, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Selma LUGTMEIJER, Auteur ; Evie ALLMARK, Auteur ; Anna DAVIS, Auteur ; Aradhna BEEJADHUR, Auteur ; Amy TARLING, Auteur ; Samuel HANNON, Auteur ; Kelan TODD, Auteur ; Alexander IDDLES, Auteur ; Chaitrali VICHARE, Auteur ; Michael J.M. GACHOMBA, Auteur ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Matthew APPS, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN-CARVALHO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.202710 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Adults  Prosocial behaviour  Decision-making  Neurotype-matching Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A body of research suggests cross-neurotype interpersonal interactions may be more challenging, and non-autistic individuals show less interest in interacting with their autistic peers. However, it is not clear whether such cross-neurotype differences extend to prosocial decision-making behaviour – something that is vital for forming and maintaining social bonds. Using a physical-effort-based decision-making paradigm, in combination with computational modelling, we examined 30 autistic and 30 non-autistic individuals’ prosocial willingness to exert physical effort for oneself and others, as a function of whether the beneficiary shares their neurotype or not. We compared decisions to exert effort and action energisation when participants made decisions for the Self, Other Same neurotype and Other Different neurotype. Results showed a robust self-bias in effort discounting, with both groups choosing to exert more effort for themselves than others, and no differences between same and different neurotype others. However, while non-autistic participants showed no difference in action energisation between the same and different neurotype others, autistic participants exerted significantly more force for others of the same neurotype. Implicit, but not explicit, biases held about autism played a role: in autistic participants, higher implicit autism stigma predicted differences in effort discounting between same and different neurotype others, while in non-autistic participants, implicit bias predicted differences in actual effort exerted rather than decision-making. This work has important implications for understanding how interactor neurotypes and autism-specific biases may feed into prosocial decision-making contexts such as employment, health and education settings, where autistic individuals face the everyday consideration of whether to disclose their diagnostic status. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202710 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=570 [article] Autistic and non-autistic prosocial decision-making: The impact of recipient neurotype [texte imprimé] / Peter RUSH, Auteur ; Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Selma LUGTMEIJER, Auteur ; Evie ALLMARK, Auteur ; Anna DAVIS, Auteur ; Aradhna BEEJADHUR, Auteur ; Amy TARLING, Auteur ; Samuel HANNON, Auteur ; Kelan TODD, Auteur ; Alexander IDDLES, Auteur ; Chaitrali VICHARE, Auteur ; Michael J.M. GACHOMBA, Auteur ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Matthew APPS, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN-CARVALHO, Auteur . - p.202710. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism > 128 (October 2025) . - p.202710 Mots-clés : Autism  Adults  Prosocial behaviour  Decision-making  Neurotype-matching Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A body of research suggests cross-neurotype interpersonal interactions may be more challenging, and non-autistic individuals show less interest in interacting with their autistic peers. However, it is not clear whether such cross-neurotype differences extend to prosocial decision-making behaviour – something that is vital for forming and maintaining social bonds. Using a physical-effort-based decision-making paradigm, in combination with computational modelling, we examined 30 autistic and 30 non-autistic individuals’ prosocial willingness to exert physical effort for oneself and others, as a function of whether the beneficiary shares their neurotype or not. We compared decisions to exert effort and action energisation when participants made decisions for the Self, Other Same neurotype and Other Different neurotype. Results showed a robust self-bias in effort discounting, with both groups choosing to exert more effort for themselves than others, and no differences between same and different neurotype others. However, while non-autistic participants showed no difference in action energisation between the same and different neurotype others, autistic participants exerted significantly more force for others of the same neurotype. Implicit, but not explicit, biases held about autism played a role: in autistic participants, higher implicit autism stigma predicted differences in effort discounting between same and different neurotype others, while in non-autistic participants, implicit bias predicted differences in actual effort exerted rather than decision-making. This work has important implications for understanding how interactor neurotypes and autism-specific biases may feed into prosocial decision-making contexts such as employment, health and education settings, where autistic individuals face the everyday consideration of whether to disclose their diagnostic status. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reia.2025.202710 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=570

Commentary: Conduct disorder and perceiving harm to others – a reflection on Michalska et al. (2016) / Patricia L. LOCKWOOD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.520-522 Titre : Commentary: Conduct disorder and perceiving harm to others – a reflection on Michalska et al. (2016) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.520-522 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study by Michalska et al. () reported in this issue of JCPP focused on how children with conduct disorder (CD) process harm to other people. Many children with CD lack empathy for their victims and this behavioural profile has encouraged the investigation of potential underpinnings of atypical empathy in this group. Michalska et al. () administered an fMRI task depicting harm to other people to a large sample of children with CD and typically developing peers. The authors found that CD symptom severity and degree of callousness were negatively associated with right posterior insula response to other people experiencing harm. Furthermore, CD and callousness ratings were negatively associated with anterior insula, anterior midcingulate cortex and posterior superior temporal sulcus response to intentional harm. Reactive aggression scores, in contrast, were associated with increased positive insula reactivity when processing harm to others. Finally, the authors reported a sex difference in the engagement of brain areas associated with computations of intentionality when children processed intentional harm. In females (but not males) with CD, higher CD symptomatology was associated with lower activity in pSTS and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). This study is novel in focusing on a preadolescent sample of children and testing for sex differences in the neural underpinnings of conduct disorder (CD) symptomatology. We look forward to further work in this area and are certain that the important study by Michalska et al. () will motivate a host of new investigations that help us uncover the neural underpinnings of CD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12528 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Commentary: Conduct disorder and perceiving harm to others – a reflection on Michalska et al. (2016) [texte imprimé] / Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur . - p.520-522. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.520-522 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The study by Michalska et al. () reported in this issue of JCPP focused on how children with conduct disorder (CD) process harm to other people. Many children with CD lack empathy for their victims and this behavioural profile has encouraged the investigation of potential underpinnings of atypical empathy in this group. Michalska et al. () administered an fMRI task depicting harm to other people to a large sample of children with CD and typically developing peers. The authors found that CD symptom severity and degree of callousness were negatively associated with right posterior insula response to other people experiencing harm. Furthermore, CD and callousness ratings were negatively associated with anterior insula, anterior midcingulate cortex and posterior superior temporal sulcus response to intentional harm. Reactive aggression scores, in contrast, were associated with increased positive insula reactivity when processing harm to others. Finally, the authors reported a sex difference in the engagement of brain areas associated with computations of intentionality when children processed intentional harm. In females (but not males) with CD, higher CD symptomatology was associated with lower activity in pSTS and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). This study is novel in focusing on a preadolescent sample of children and testing for sex differences in the neural underpinnings of conduct disorder (CD) symptomatology. We look forward to further work in this area and are certain that the important study by Michalska et al. () will motivate a host of new investigations that help us uncover the neural underpinnings of CD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12528 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Contagion of Temporal Discounting Value Preferences in Neurotypical and Autistic Adults / Louisa THOMAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-2 (February 2022) . - p.700-713 Titre : Contagion of Temporal Discounting Value Preferences in Neurotypical and Autistic Adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Louisa THOMAS, Auteur ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Mona M. GARVERT, Auteur ; Joshua H. BALSTERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.700-713 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Bayes Theorem  Delay Discounting  Humans  Learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuroeconomics paradigms have demonstrated that learning about another's beliefs can make you more like them (i.e., contagion). Due to social deficits in autism, it is possible that autistic individuals will be immune to contagion. We fit Bayesian computational models to a temporal discounting task, where participants made decisions for themselves before and after learning the distinct preferences of two others. Two independent neurotypical samples (N = 48; N = 98) both showed a significant contagion effect; however the strength of contagion was unrelated to autistic traits. Equivalence tests showed autistic (N = 12) and matched neurotypical N = 12) samples had similar levels of contagion and accuracy when learning about others. Despite social impairments being at the core of autistic symptomatology, contagion of value preferences appears to be intact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04962-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=455 [article] Contagion of Temporal Discounting Value Preferences in Neurotypical and Autistic Adults [texte imprimé] / Louisa THOMAS, Auteur ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Mona M. GARVERT, Auteur ; Joshua H. BALSTERS, Auteur . - p.700-713. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-2 (February 2022) . - p.700-713 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Bayes Theorem  Delay Discounting  Humans  Learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuroeconomics paradigms have demonstrated that learning about another's beliefs can make you more like them (i.e., contagion). Due to social deficits in autism, it is possible that autistic individuals will be immune to contagion. We fit Bayesian computational models to a temporal discounting task, where participants made decisions for themselves before and after learning the distinct preferences of two others. Two independent neurotypical samples (N = 48; N = 98) both showed a significant contagion effect; however the strength of contagion was unrelated to autistic traits. Equivalence tests showed autistic (N = 12) and matched neurotypical N = 12) samples had similar levels of contagion and accuracy when learning about others. Despite social impairments being at the core of autistic symptomatology, contagion of value preferences appears to be intact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04962-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=455

Reduced prosocial motivation and effort in adolescents with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits / Peter MARTIN ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD ; Jo CUTLER ; Matthew APPS ; Ruth ROBERTS ; Harriet PHILLIPS ; Katie BROWN ; Eamon J. MCCRORY ; Essi VIDING in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-8 (August 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-8 (August 2024) . - p.1061-1071 Titre : Reduced prosocial motivation and effort in adolescents with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter MARTIN, Auteur ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Jo CUTLER, Auteur ; Matthew APPS, Auteur ; Ruth ROBERTS, Auteur ; Harriet PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Katie BROWN, Auteur ; Eamon J. MCCRORY, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1061-1071 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prosocial behaviours - acts that benefit others - are of crucial importance for many species including humans. However, adolescents with conduct problems (CP), unlike their typically developing (TD) peers, demonstrate markedly reduced engagement in prosocial behaviours. This pattern is particularly pronounced in adolescents with CP and high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/HCU) who are at increased risk of developing psychopathy in adulthood. While a substantial amount of research has investigated the cognitive-affective mechanisms thought to underlie antisocial behaviour, much less is known about the mechanisms that could explain reduced prosocial behaviours in adolescents with CP. Methods Here we examined the willingness to exert effort to benefit oneself (self) and another person (other, prosocial condition) in children with CP/HCU, CP and lower levels of CU traits (CP/LCU) and their TD peers. The task captured both prosocial choices, and actual effort exerted following prosocial choices, in adolescent boys aged 11-16 (27 CP/HCU; 34 CP/LCU; 33 TD). We used computational modelling to reveal the mechanistic processes involved when choosing prosocial acts. Results We found that both CP/HCU and CP/LCU groups were more averse to initiating effortful prosocial acts than TD adolescents - both at a cognitive and at a behavioural level. Strikingly, even if they chose to initiate a prosocial act, the CP/HCU group exerted less effort following this prosocial choice than other groups. Conclusions Our findings indicate that reduced exertion of effort to benefit others may be an important factor that differentiates adolescents with CP/HCU from their peers with CP/LCU. They offer new insights into what might drive low prosocial behaviour in adolescents with CP, including vulnerabilities that may particularly characterise those with high levels of CU traits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13945 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=532 [article] Reduced prosocial motivation and effort in adolescents with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits [texte imprimé] / Peter MARTIN, Auteur ; Patricia L. LOCKWOOD, Auteur ; Jo CUTLER, Auteur ; Matthew APPS, Auteur ; Ruth ROBERTS, Auteur ; Harriet PHILLIPS, Auteur ; Katie BROWN, Auteur ; Eamon J. MCCRORY, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur . - p.1061-1071. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-8 (August 2024) . - p.1061-1071 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Prosocial behaviours - acts that benefit others - are of crucial importance for many species including humans. However, adolescents with conduct problems (CP), unlike their typically developing (TD) peers, demonstrate markedly reduced engagement in prosocial behaviours. This pattern is particularly pronounced in adolescents with CP and high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/HCU) who are at increased risk of developing psychopathy in adulthood. While a substantial amount of research has investigated the cognitive-affective mechanisms thought to underlie antisocial behaviour, much less is known about the mechanisms that could explain reduced prosocial behaviours in adolescents with CP. Methods Here we examined the willingness to exert effort to benefit oneself (self) and another person (other, prosocial condition) in children with CP/HCU, CP and lower levels of CU traits (CP/LCU) and their TD peers. The task captured both prosocial choices, and actual effort exerted following prosocial choices, in adolescent boys aged 11-16 (27 CP/HCU; 34 CP/LCU; 33 TD). We used computational modelling to reveal the mechanistic processes involved when choosing prosocial acts. Results We found that both CP/HCU and CP/LCU groups were more averse to initiating effortful prosocial acts than TD adolescents - both at a cognitive and at a behavioural level. Strikingly, even if they chose to initiate a prosocial act, the CP/HCU group exerted less effort following this prosocial choice than other groups. Conclusions Our findings indicate that reduced exertion of effort to benefit others may be an important factor that differentiates adolescents with CP/HCU from their peers with CP/LCU. They offer new insights into what might drive low prosocial behaviour in adolescents with CP, including vulnerabilities that may particularly characterise those with high levels of CU traits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13945 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=532

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