Cortical Thickness Differences in Autistic Children With and Without Intellectual Disability / Derek S. ANDREWS in Autism Research, 18-3 (March 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-3 (March 2025) . - p.486-497 Titre : Cortical Thickness Differences in Autistic Children With and Without Intellectual Disability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Derek S. ANDREWS, Auteur ; Andrew J. DAKOPOLOS, Auteur ; Joshua K. LEE, Auteur ; Brianna HEATH, Auteur ; Devani CORDERO, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.486-497 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cortical thickness  intellectual disability  IQ  MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Of the 1 in 36 individuals in the United States who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, nearly 40% also have intellectual disability (ID). The cortex has been widely implicated in neural processes underlying autistic behaviors as well as intellectual ability. Thus, neuroimaging features such as cortical thickness are of particular interest as a possible biomarkers of the condition. However, neuroimaging studies often fail to include autistic individuals with ID. As a result, there are few studies of cortical thickness in autistic individuals across the entire range of intellectual abilities. This study used MRI to evaluate cortical thickness in young autistic children (n 88, mean age 5.37 years) with a large range of intellectual ability (IQ 19 133) as well as nonautistic, nondevelopmentally delayed (referred to here as typically developing [TD]) peers (n 53, mean age 5.29 years). We first investigated associations between full scale IQ and cortical thickness in both autistic and TD children. Autistic children had significant negative associations (i.e., thinner cortex, higher IQ) in bilateral entorhinal cortex, right fusiform gyrus, superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, and right temporal pole that were not present in TD children. Significantly thicker cortex was also observed in these regions for autistic children with ID (i.e., IQ?? 70) compared with those without. Last, given the reported correspondence between the severity of autism symptoms and intellectual ability, we compared cortical thickness associations with both IQ and ADOS Calibrated Severity Scores and found these patterns overlapped to a significant degree across the cortex. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550 [article] Cortical Thickness Differences in Autistic Children With and Without Intellectual Disability [texte imprimé] / Derek S. ANDREWS, Auteur ; Andrew J. DAKOPOLOS, Auteur ; Joshua K. LEE, Auteur ; Brianna HEATH, Auteur ; Devani CORDERO, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur . - p.486-497. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-3 (March 2025) . - p.486-497 Mots-clés : autism  cortical thickness  intellectual disability  IQ  MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Of the 1 in 36 individuals in the United States who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, nearly 40% also have intellectual disability (ID). The cortex has been widely implicated in neural processes underlying autistic behaviors as well as intellectual ability. Thus, neuroimaging features such as cortical thickness are of particular interest as a possible biomarkers of the condition. However, neuroimaging studies often fail to include autistic individuals with ID. As a result, there are few studies of cortical thickness in autistic individuals across the entire range of intellectual abilities. This study used MRI to evaluate cortical thickness in young autistic children (n 88, mean age 5.37 years) with a large range of intellectual ability (IQ 19 133) as well as nonautistic, nondevelopmentally delayed (referred to here as typically developing [TD]) peers (n 53, mean age 5.29 years). We first investigated associations between full scale IQ and cortical thickness in both autistic and TD children. Autistic children had significant negative associations (i.e., thinner cortex, higher IQ) in bilateral entorhinal cortex, right fusiform gyrus, superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, and right temporal pole that were not present in TD children. Significantly thicker cortex was also observed in these regions for autistic children with ID (i.e., IQ?? 70) compared with those without. Last, given the reported correspondence between the severity of autism symptoms and intellectual ability, we compared cortical thickness associations with both IQ and ADOS Calibrated Severity Scores and found these patterns overlapped to a significant degree across the cortex. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550

Delay of gratification in preschoolers with and without autism spectrum disorder: Individual differences and links to executive function, emotion regulation, and joint attention / Laudan B. JAHROMI in Autism, 23-7 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1720-1731 Titre : Delay of gratification in preschoolers with and without autism spectrum disorder: Individual differences and links to executive function, emotion regulation, and joint attention Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Laudan B. JAHROMI, Auteur ; Yanru CHEN, Auteur ; Andrew J. DAKOPOLOS, Auteur ; Alice CHORNEAU, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p.1720-1731 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention control  autism spectrum disorder  delay of gratification  effortful control  emotion regulation  executive function  joint attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined delay of gratification behaviors in preschool-aged children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Recent research has found that elementary-aged children with autism spectrum disorder showed challenges with delay of gratification and that there were individual differences in terms of children's behaviors during the wait. We extend this work to a younger sample of children with autism spectrum disorder to understand whether these difficulties emerge by the preschool years. Moreover, we assessed whether individual differences in other key self-regulatory capacities (i.e. effortful control, emotion regulation, executive function, and joint attention) were related to delay of gratification wait durations or behavioral strategies. Findings revealed that preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder waited for a shorter duration, demonstrated more temptation-focused behaviors, and expressed less positive affect than their typical peers during the delay of gratification task. At the full-sample level, individual differences in children's temptation-focused behaviors (i.e. visual attention and verbalizations focused on the temptation) were related to children's executive function, joint attention, and parents' ratings of emotion regulation. When we examined associations within groups, the associations were not significant for the autism spectrum disorder group, but for typically developing children, there was a positive association between temptation-focused behaviors and emotion regulation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319828678 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406 [article] Delay of gratification in preschoolers with and without autism spectrum disorder: Individual differences and links to executive function, emotion regulation, and joint attention [texte imprimé] / Laudan B. JAHROMI, Auteur ; Yanru CHEN, Auteur ; Andrew J. DAKOPOLOS, Auteur ; Alice CHORNEAU, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.1720-1731. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1720-1731 Mots-clés : attention control  autism spectrum disorder  delay of gratification  effortful control  emotion regulation  executive function  joint attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined delay of gratification behaviors in preschool-aged children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Recent research has found that elementary-aged children with autism spectrum disorder showed challenges with delay of gratification and that there were individual differences in terms of children's behaviors during the wait. We extend this work to a younger sample of children with autism spectrum disorder to understand whether these difficulties emerge by the preschool years. Moreover, we assessed whether individual differences in other key self-regulatory capacities (i.e. effortful control, emotion regulation, executive function, and joint attention) were related to delay of gratification wait durations or behavioral strategies. Findings revealed that preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder waited for a shorter duration, demonstrated more temptation-focused behaviors, and expressed less positive affect than their typical peers during the delay of gratification task. At the full-sample level, individual differences in children's temptation-focused behaviors (i.e. visual attention and verbalizations focused on the temptation) were related to children's executive function, joint attention, and parents' ratings of emotion regulation. When we examined associations within groups, the associations were not significant for the autism spectrum disorder group, but for typically developing children, there was a positive association between temptation-focused behaviors and emotion regulation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319828678 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406

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