Capturing change in restricted and repetitive behaviour in preschoolers with ASD: A comparison of direct behavioural observation and parent report / Naisan RAJI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-11 (November 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-11 (November 2025) . - p.1736-1747 Titre : Capturing change in restricted and repetitive behaviour in preschoolers with ASD: A comparison of direct behavioural observation and parent report Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Naisan RAJI, Auteur ; Janina KITZEROW-CLEVEN, Auteur ; Ziyon KIM, Auteur ; Solvejg K. KLEBER, Auteur ; Leonie POLZER, Auteur ; Christian LEMLER, Auteur ; Melanie RING, Auteur ; Regina TAURINES, Auteur ; Julia GEIßLER, Auteur ; Ulrike FRÖHLICH, Auteur ; Michele NOTERDAEME, Auteur ; Nico BAST, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1736-1747 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  longitudinal studies  development  behavioural measures  stereotyped behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted and repetitive behaviour (RRB) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be assessed by different measures, which diverge in item quantity, dimensionality or source of information. However, change sensitivity has not been systematically investigated among commonly used measures, albeit its importance for clinical trials and longitudinal studies. Methods Longitudinal data resulting from behavioural observation (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, ADOS-2; Brief Observation of Social Communication Change, BOSCC) and parent report (Restricted Behaviour Scale-Revised, RBS-R) was collected for 134 toddlers and preschoolers aged 25?65?months diagnosed with ASD by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and ADOS-2. Change sensitivity was estimated using the reliable-change index and developmental trajectories of RRB by linear mixed models and k-means clustering. Results The RBS-R identified significantly more reliable change in RRB severity compared to ADOS-2 and BOSCC. For all measures, except the RBS-R self-injurious behaviour subscale, three distinct RRB trajectories were found as follows: increasing, stable and decreasing RRB severity. Overlap was low between trajectory group assignment across measures, as were cross-sectional correlations between ADI-R, ADOS-2, BOSCC and RBS-R. Trajectory group comparisons among measures mostly showed lower baseline RRB severity in the increasing trajectory groups and higher baseline RRB severity in the decreasing trajectory groups. The trajectory groups did not differ in age or nonverbal IQ across RRB measures, except for the RBS-R compulsive behaviour subscale, which had higher nonverbal IQ in the decreasing trajectory group. Conclusions The dimensional questionnaire RBS-R compared to ADOS-2 and BOSCC is superior in capturing subtle changes in RRB during preschool age. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571 [article] Capturing change in restricted and repetitive behaviour in preschoolers with ASD: A comparison of direct behavioural observation and parent report [texte imprimé] / Naisan RAJI, Auteur ; Janina KITZEROW-CLEVEN, Auteur ; Ziyon KIM, Auteur ; Solvejg K. KLEBER, Auteur ; Leonie POLZER, Auteur ; Christian LEMLER, Auteur ; Melanie RING, Auteur ; Regina TAURINES, Auteur ; Julia GEIßLER, Auteur ; Ulrike FRÖHLICH, Auteur ; Michele NOTERDAEME, Auteur ; Nico BAST, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur . - p.1736-1747. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-11 (November 2025) . - p.1736-1747 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  longitudinal studies  development  behavioural measures  stereotyped behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted and repetitive behaviour (RRB) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be assessed by different measures, which diverge in item quantity, dimensionality or source of information. However, change sensitivity has not been systematically investigated among commonly used measures, albeit its importance for clinical trials and longitudinal studies. Methods Longitudinal data resulting from behavioural observation (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, ADOS-2; Brief Observation of Social Communication Change, BOSCC) and parent report (Restricted Behaviour Scale-Revised, RBS-R) was collected for 134 toddlers and preschoolers aged 25?65?months diagnosed with ASD by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and ADOS-2. Change sensitivity was estimated using the reliable-change index and developmental trajectories of RRB by linear mixed models and k-means clustering. Results The RBS-R identified significantly more reliable change in RRB severity compared to ADOS-2 and BOSCC. For all measures, except the RBS-R self-injurious behaviour subscale, three distinct RRB trajectories were found as follows: increasing, stable and decreasing RRB severity. Overlap was low between trajectory group assignment across measures, as were cross-sectional correlations between ADI-R, ADOS-2, BOSCC and RBS-R. Trajectory group comparisons among measures mostly showed lower baseline RRB severity in the increasing trajectory groups and higher baseline RRB severity in the decreasing trajectory groups. The trajectory groups did not differ in age or nonverbal IQ across RRB measures, except for the RBS-R compulsive behaviour subscale, which had higher nonverbal IQ in the decreasing trajectory group. Conclusions The dimensional questionnaire RBS-R compared to ADOS-2 and BOSCC is superior in capturing subtle changes in RRB during preschool age. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=571

Complex, low-intensity, individualised naturalistic developmental behavioural intervention in toddlers and pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder: The multicentre, observer-blind, parallel-group randomised-controlled A-FFIP trial / Christine M. FREITAG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-10 (October 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-10 (October 2025) . - p.1500-1513 Titre : Complex, low-intensity, individualised naturalistic developmental behavioural intervention in toddlers and pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder: The multicentre, observer-blind, parallel-group randomised-controlled A-FFIP trial Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Marietta KIRCHNER, Auteur ; Lukas D. SAUER, Auteur ; Solvejg K. KLEBER, Auteur ; Leonie POLZER, Auteur ; Naisan RAJI, Auteur ; Christian LEMLER, Auteur ; Ulrike FRÖHLICH, Auteur ; Tomasz A. JARCZOK, Auteur ; Julia GEIßLER, Auteur ; Franziska RADTKE, Auteur ; Melanie RING, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Regina TAURINES, Auteur ; Michelle NOTERDAEME, Auteur ; Karoline TEUFEL, Auteur ; Ziyon KIM, Auteur ; Janina KITZEROW-CLEVEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1500-1513 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Naturalistic  developmental  behavioural  autism  social communication  repetitive behaviour  randomised-controlled Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Naturalistic developmental behavioural interventions (NDBI) may improve social communication in toddlers/pre-school aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we study efficacy of the low-intensity, complex NDBI ?Frankfurt Early Intervention Program for ASD? (A-FFIP) over 1 year by a confirmatory phase-III, prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel-group study with two treatment arms over four centres. Methods Main inclusion criteria: ASD (DSM-5), age 24 66 months, developmental quotient >30. Intervention: Manualised A-FFIP intervention. Control intervention: Early intervention as usual (EIAU). Primary outcome: Change in core ASD symptoms from baseline (T2) to immediate intervention endpoint at 12 months (T6) based on the blindly rated Brief Observation for Communication Change (BOSCC) total score. Statistical analysis: Mixed model for repeated measures with covariates baseline BOSCC-total, chronological age and centre. Results Between July 2018 and October 2021, N 134 children with ASD were randomly allocated to intervention (A-FFIP: n 68, EIAU: n 66). Groups did not differ at baseline, with a mean age of 49 (SD 10) months, a mean developmental age of 23.3 (SD 13.6) months and 26 (19.4%) females. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic interfered severely with trial procedures. Intention-to-treat analysis in the primary analysis set, with at least one postbaseline BOSCC measure (A-FFIP n 64, EIAU n 60), did not find differences in the primary outcome by group (adjusted ES 0.06, 95% CI to 0.24 to 0.11). SARS-CoV2-related lockdown led to less improvement across groups. Secondary outcomes showed stronger improvements in parent-rated repetitive behaviour as well as parent- and teacher-rated executive functions for A-FFIP versus EIAU. Adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions The manualised NDBI program A-FFIP, which allows individually targeting six core basic abilities and five developmental domains related to longitudinal development in ASD, did not improve social communication, cognitive or behavioural outcomes beyond EIAU after 1 year, but may improve repetitive behaviour and executive function. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=568 [article] Complex, low-intensity, individualised naturalistic developmental behavioural intervention in toddlers and pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder: The multicentre, observer-blind, parallel-group randomised-controlled A-FFIP trial [texte imprimé] / Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Marietta KIRCHNER, Auteur ; Lukas D. SAUER, Auteur ; Solvejg K. KLEBER, Auteur ; Leonie POLZER, Auteur ; Naisan RAJI, Auteur ; Christian LEMLER, Auteur ; Ulrike FRÖHLICH, Auteur ; Tomasz A. JARCZOK, Auteur ; Julia GEIßLER, Auteur ; Franziska RADTKE, Auteur ; Melanie RING, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Regina TAURINES, Auteur ; Michelle NOTERDAEME, Auteur ; Karoline TEUFEL, Auteur ; Ziyon KIM, Auteur ; Janina KITZEROW-CLEVEN, Auteur . - p.1500-1513. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-10 (October 2025) . - p.1500-1513 Mots-clés : Naturalistic  developmental  behavioural  autism  social communication  repetitive behaviour  randomised-controlled Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Naturalistic developmental behavioural interventions (NDBI) may improve social communication in toddlers/pre-school aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we study efficacy of the low-intensity, complex NDBI ?Frankfurt Early Intervention Program for ASD? (A-FFIP) over 1 year by a confirmatory phase-III, prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel-group study with two treatment arms over four centres. Methods Main inclusion criteria: ASD (DSM-5), age 24 66 months, developmental quotient >30. Intervention: Manualised A-FFIP intervention. Control intervention: Early intervention as usual (EIAU). Primary outcome: Change in core ASD symptoms from baseline (T2) to immediate intervention endpoint at 12 months (T6) based on the blindly rated Brief Observation for Communication Change (BOSCC) total score. Statistical analysis: Mixed model for repeated measures with covariates baseline BOSCC-total, chronological age and centre. Results Between July 2018 and October 2021, N 134 children with ASD were randomly allocated to intervention (A-FFIP: n 68, EIAU: n 66). Groups did not differ at baseline, with a mean age of 49 (SD 10) months, a mean developmental age of 23.3 (SD 13.6) months and 26 (19.4%) females. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic interfered severely with trial procedures. Intention-to-treat analysis in the primary analysis set, with at least one postbaseline BOSCC measure (A-FFIP n 64, EIAU n 60), did not find differences in the primary outcome by group (adjusted ES 0.06, 95% CI to 0.24 to 0.11). SARS-CoV2-related lockdown led to less improvement across groups. Secondary outcomes showed stronger improvements in parent-rated repetitive behaviour as well as parent- and teacher-rated executive functions for A-FFIP versus EIAU. Adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions The manualised NDBI program A-FFIP, which allows individually targeting six core basic abilities and five developmental domains related to longitudinal development in ASD, did not improve social communication, cognitive or behavioural outcomes beyond EIAU after 1 year, but may improve repetitive behaviour and executive function. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=568

Semi-Automated Multi-Label Classification of Autistic Mannerisms by Machine Learning on Post Hoc Skeletal Tracking / Solvejg K. KLEBER ; Leonie POLZER ; Naisan RAJI ; Janina KITZEROW-CLEVEN ; Ziyon KIM ; Simeon PLATTE ; Christine M. FREITAG ; Nico BAST in Autism Research, 18-4 (April 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-4 (April 2025) . - p.833-844 Titre : Semi-Automated Multi-Label Classification of Autistic Mannerisms by Machine Learning on Post Hoc Skeletal Tracking Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Solvejg K. KLEBER, Auteur ; Leonie POLZER, Auteur ; Naisan RAJI, Auteur ; Janina KITZEROW-CLEVEN, Auteur ; Ziyon KIM, Auteur ; Simeon PLATTE, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Nico BAST, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.833-844 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  machine learning  mannerisms  multi-label classification  stereotypic behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Mannerisms describe repetitive or unconventional body movements like arm flapping. These movements are early markers of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, assessing mannerisms reliably is challenging. Even after extensive training in behavioral observations, inter-rater agreements for mannerism items remain insufficient. The current study used machine learning (ML) to classify mannerisms from videotaped behavioral observations in children with ASD. We developed a classification scheme for mannerisms as ground truth and applied it to videotaped behavioral observations from an early intervention study. ML was used in two steps: First, the OpenPose algorithm post hoc extracted features based on body movements in the videos. Second, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network classified the features in a multi-label approach to distinguish between the absence of mannerisms, flapping, jumping, and both flapping + jumping. The trained models achieved 70.2% accuracy (F1 score: 31.8%) using nested cross-validation. The analysis improves on previous videotaped ML classification studies by splitting training and test data subject-wise, highlighting its clinical applicability. The LSTM models are made publicly available for use with other video datasets. Our results show that ML-based classification of mannerisms is a promising tool for enhancing objective diagnostic methods of behavioral observations. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70020 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=554 [article] Semi-Automated Multi-Label Classification of Autistic Mannerisms by Machine Learning on Post Hoc Skeletal Tracking [texte imprimé] / Solvejg K. KLEBER, Auteur ; Leonie POLZER, Auteur ; Naisan RAJI, Auteur ; Janina KITZEROW-CLEVEN, Auteur ; Ziyon KIM, Auteur ; Simeon PLATTE, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Nico BAST, Auteur . - p.833-844. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-4 (April 2025) . - p.833-844 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  machine learning  mannerisms  multi-label classification  stereotypic behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Mannerisms describe repetitive or unconventional body movements like arm flapping. These movements are early markers of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, assessing mannerisms reliably is challenging. Even after extensive training in behavioral observations, inter-rater agreements for mannerism items remain insufficient. The current study used machine learning (ML) to classify mannerisms from videotaped behavioral observations in children with ASD. We developed a classification scheme for mannerisms as ground truth and applied it to videotaped behavioral observations from an early intervention study. ML was used in two steps: First, the OpenPose algorithm post hoc extracted features based on body movements in the videos. Second, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network classified the features in a multi-label approach to distinguish between the absence of mannerisms, flapping, jumping, and both flapping + jumping. The trained models achieved 70.2% accuracy (F1 score: 31.8%) using nested cross-validation. The analysis improves on previous videotaped ML classification studies by splitting training and test data subject-wise, highlighting its clinical applicability. The LSTM models are made publicly available for use with other video datasets. Our results show that ML-based classification of mannerisms is a promising tool for enhancing objective diagnostic methods of behavioral observations. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70020 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=554

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