Regulatory variant of the TPH2 gene and early life stress are associated with heightened attention to social signals of fear in infants / Linda FORSSMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-7 (July 2014) . - p.793-801 Titre : Regulatory variant of the TPH2 gene and early life stress are associated with heightened attention to social signals of fear in infants Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Linda FORSSMAN, Auteur ; Mikko J. PELTOLA, Auteur ; Santeri YRTTIAHO, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Nina MONONEN, Auteur ; Terho LEHTIMAKI, Auteur ; Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.793-801 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  facial expression  fear  tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene  infancy  maternal stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cross-species evidence suggests that genetic and experiential factors act early in development to establish individual emotional traits, but little is known about the mechanisms that emerge during this period to mediate long-term outcomes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that known genetic and environmental risk conditions may heighten infants' natural tendency to attend to threat-alerting stimuli, resulting in a cognitive bias that may contribute to emotional vulnerability. Methods Data from two samples of 5–7-month-old infants (N = 139) were used to examine whether established candidate variations in the serotonin-system genes, i.e., TPH2 SNP rs4570625 (-703 G/T) and HTR1A SNP rs6295 (-1019 G/C), and early rearing condition (maternal stress and depressive symptoms) are associated with alterations in infants' attention to facial expressions. Infants were tested with a paradigm that assesses the ability to disengage attention from a centrally presented stimulus (a nonface control stimulus or a neutral, happy, or fearful facial expression) toward the location of a new stimulus in the visual periphery (a geometric shape). Results TPH2 -703 T-carrier genotype (i.e., TT homozygotes and heterozygotes), presence of maternal stress and depressive symptoms, and a combination of the T-carrier genotype and maternal depressive symptoms were associated with a relatively greater difficulty disengaging attention from fearful facial expressions. No associations were found with infants' temperamental traits. Conclusions Alterations in infants' natural attentional bias toward fearful facial expressions may emerge prior to the manifestation of emotional and social behaviors and provide a sensitive marker of early emotional development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12181 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Regulatory variant of the TPH2 gene and early life stress are associated with heightened attention to social signals of fear in infants [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Linda FORSSMAN, Auteur ; Mikko J. PELTOLA, Auteur ; Santeri YRTTIAHO, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Nina MONONEN, Auteur ; Terho LEHTIMAKI, Auteur ; Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur . - p.793-801. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-7 (July 2014) . - p.793-801 Mots-clés : Attention  facial expression  fear  tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene  infancy  maternal stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cross-species evidence suggests that genetic and experiential factors act early in development to establish individual emotional traits, but little is known about the mechanisms that emerge during this period to mediate long-term outcomes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that known genetic and environmental risk conditions may heighten infants' natural tendency to attend to threat-alerting stimuli, resulting in a cognitive bias that may contribute to emotional vulnerability. Methods Data from two samples of 5–7-month-old infants (N = 139) were used to examine whether established candidate variations in the serotonin-system genes, i.e., TPH2 SNP rs4570625 (-703 G/T) and HTR1A SNP rs6295 (-1019 G/C), and early rearing condition (maternal stress and depressive symptoms) are associated with alterations in infants' attention to facial expressions. Infants were tested with a paradigm that assesses the ability to disengage attention from a centrally presented stimulus (a nonface control stimulus or a neutral, happy, or fearful facial expression) toward the location of a new stimulus in the visual periphery (a geometric shape). Results TPH2 -703 T-carrier genotype (i.e., TT homozygotes and heterozygotes), presence of maternal stress and depressive symptoms, and a combination of the T-carrier genotype and maternal depressive symptoms were associated with a relatively greater difficulty disengaging attention from fearful facial expressions. No associations were found with infants' temperamental traits. Conclusions Alterations in infants' natural attentional bias toward fearful facial expressions may emerge prior to the manifestation of emotional and social behaviors and provide a sensitive marker of early emotional development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12181 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Serotonin and early cognitive development: variation in the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene is associated with visual attention in 7-month-old infants / Jukka M. LEPPANEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-11 (November 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-11 (November 2011) . - p.1144-1152 Titre : Serotonin and early cognitive development: variation in the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene is associated with visual attention in 7-month-old infants Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; Mikko J. PELTOLA, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Mirjami MANTYMAA, Auteur ; Nina MONONEN, Auteur ; Terho LEHTIMAKI, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1144-1152 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  cognition  development  emotion  infancy  serotonin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Allelic variation in the promoter region of a gene that encodes tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 2 (TPH2), a rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis in the central nervous system, has been associated with variations in cognitive function and vulnerability to affective spectrum disorders. Little is known about the effects of this gene variant on cognition during development and about possible intermediate developmental steps that lead to the adult phenotype. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the TPH2 -703 may act during early stages of development and bias the acquisition of elementary cognitive processes involved in attention and emotion regulation. Methods:  Seven-month-old infants (n = 66) were genotyped for the TPH2 -703 G/T polymorphism (rs4570625) and tested for the efficiency of attention shifts from a stimulus at fixation to a new stimulus in the visual periphery. Results:  Compared to TPH2 G/G homozygotes, infants with the T-carrier genotype exhibited a significantly higher number of missing attention shifts. This genotype effect tended to be particularly pronounced when infants had to disengage from an affectively salient stimulus before shifting attention to the peripheral stimulus. The results also showed that TPH2 genotype was indirectly associated, via its effect on attention disengagement, with temperamental emotion regulation (soothability). Conclusions:  Together, these results implicate serotonin system genes in early cognitive development and suggest variations in the early-emerging cognitive capacities as a potential developmental precursor of individual differences in emotion regulation and vulnerability to affective disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02391.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] Serotonin and early cognitive development: variation in the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene is associated with visual attention in 7-month-old infants [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; Mikko J. PELTOLA, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Mirjami MANTYMAA, Auteur ; Nina MONONEN, Auteur ; Terho LEHTIMAKI, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1144-1152. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-11 (November 2011) . - p.1144-1152 Mots-clés : Attention  cognition  development  emotion  infancy  serotonin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Allelic variation in the promoter region of a gene that encodes tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 2 (TPH2), a rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis in the central nervous system, has been associated with variations in cognitive function and vulnerability to affective spectrum disorders. Little is known about the effects of this gene variant on cognition during development and about possible intermediate developmental steps that lead to the adult phenotype. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the TPH2 -703 may act during early stages of development and bias the acquisition of elementary cognitive processes involved in attention and emotion regulation. Methods:  Seven-month-old infants (n = 66) were genotyped for the TPH2 -703 G/T polymorphism (rs4570625) and tested for the efficiency of attention shifts from a stimulus at fixation to a new stimulus in the visual periphery. Results:  Compared to TPH2 G/G homozygotes, infants with the T-carrier genotype exhibited a significantly higher number of missing attention shifts. This genotype effect tended to be particularly pronounced when infants had to disengage from an affectively salient stimulus before shifting attention to the peripheral stimulus. The results also showed that TPH2 genotype was indirectly associated, via its effect on attention disengagement, with temperamental emotion regulation (soothability). Conclusions:  Together, these results implicate serotonin system genes in early cognitive development and suggest variations in the early-emerging cognitive capacities as a potential developmental precursor of individual differences in emotion regulation and vulnerability to affective disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02391.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

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