Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment on social development in young children / Beate Wold HYGEN in Development and Psychopathology, 26-4 (Part 1) (November 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 26-4 (Part 1) (November 2014) . - p.947-961 Titre : Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment on social development in young children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Beate Wold HYGEN, Auteur ; Ismail Cuneyt GUZEY, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Turid Suzanne BERG-NIELSEN, Auteur ; Lars WICHSTROM, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.947-961 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with histories of disorganized attachment exhibit diverse problems, possibly because disorganization takes at least two distinctive forms as children age: controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving. This variation in the developmental legacy of disorganization has been attributed primarily to variations in children's rearing experiences. Here an alternative explanation of these divergent sequelae of disorganization is evaluated: one focused on genotype. Structural equation modeling was applied to data on 704 Norwegian children to test whether the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment, which was measured dimensionally at 4 years of age using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task, on changes in aggressive behavior and social competence from ages 4 to 6. Children who scored high on disorganization and were homozygous for the valine allele displayed significantly greater increases in aggression and decreases in self-oriented social skills (e.g., self-regulation and assertiveness) over time than did their disorganized counterparts carrying the methionine allele, whereas disorganized children carrying the methionine allele increased their other-oriented social skill (e.g., cooperation and responsibility) scores more than did valine-homozygous children. These results are consistent with the controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving behaviors observed in disorganized children, suggesting that the children's genotype contributed to variations in the social development of disorganized children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000492 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=242 [article] Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment on social development in young children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Beate Wold HYGEN, Auteur ; Ismail Cuneyt GUZEY, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Turid Suzanne BERG-NIELSEN, Auteur ; Lars WICHSTROM, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.947-961. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 26-4 (Part 1) (November 2014) . - p.947-961 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with histories of disorganized attachment exhibit diverse problems, possibly because disorganization takes at least two distinctive forms as children age: controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving. This variation in the developmental legacy of disorganization has been attributed primarily to variations in children's rearing experiences. Here an alternative explanation of these divergent sequelae of disorganization is evaluated: one focused on genotype. Structural equation modeling was applied to data on 704 Norwegian children to test whether the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment, which was measured dimensionally at 4 years of age using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task, on changes in aggressive behavior and social competence from ages 4 to 6. Children who scored high on disorganization and were homozygous for the valine allele displayed significantly greater increases in aggression and decreases in self-oriented social skills (e.g., self-regulation and assertiveness) over time than did their disorganized counterparts carrying the methionine allele, whereas disorganized children carrying the methionine allele increased their other-oriented social skill (e.g., cooperation and responsibility) scores more than did valine-homozygous children. These results are consistent with the controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving behaviors observed in disorganized children, suggesting that the children's genotype contributed to variations in the social development of disorganized children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000492 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=242

Preschool predictors of childhood anxiety disorders: a prospective community study / Lars WICHSTROM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-12 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-12 (December 2013) . - p.1327-1336 Titre : Preschool predictors of childhood anxiety disorders: a prospective community study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lars WICHSTROM, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Turid Suzanne BERG-NIELSEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1327-1336 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Preschool  anxiety  behavioral inhibition  bullying  social competence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Anxiety disorders are often present at preschool age. Research on older children and studies contrasting preschoolers with high versus low behavioral inhibition (BI) highlight several risk factors, but these have not been investigated in community samples of young children. Child, parent, and peer factors at age 4 were therefore examined as potential predictors of anxiety disorders at age 6. Methods Two birth cohorts of 4-year olds living in the city of Trondheim, Norway, were screened for emotional and behavioral problems. A subsample oversampled for emotional and behavioral problems were drawn to take part in the study; 82.1% consented. Parents of 1000 children were interviewed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment and provided ratings of children's BI, victimization by peers and their own anxiety symptoms. Assessments of attachment and parent–child interaction were based on observation. Preschool teachers rated children's social competence. Children were reassessed after 2 years (N = 797). Results High scores on BI, attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder, parental anxiety, and peer victimization, along with low scores on social skills at age 4 collectively predicted anxiety disorders at age 6 after controlling for initial anxiety and other disorders. The effect of parental anxiety did only apply to children with high levels of BI. No effects of age-4 anxiety, gender, parenting, parental SES, divorce, peer acceptance, or attachment emerged. Conclusions Behavioral inhibition, parental anxiety, and peer victimization function as risk factors whereas high social competence may protect against anxiety disorders in young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12116 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=219 [article] Preschool predictors of childhood anxiety disorders: a prospective community study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lars WICHSTROM, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Turid Suzanne BERG-NIELSEN, Auteur . - p.1327-1336. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-12 (December 2013) . - p.1327-1336 Mots-clés : Preschool  anxiety  behavioral inhibition  bullying  social competence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Anxiety disorders are often present at preschool age. Research on older children and studies contrasting preschoolers with high versus low behavioral inhibition (BI) highlight several risk factors, but these have not been investigated in community samples of young children. Child, parent, and peer factors at age 4 were therefore examined as potential predictors of anxiety disorders at age 6. Methods Two birth cohorts of 4-year olds living in the city of Trondheim, Norway, were screened for emotional and behavioral problems. A subsample oversampled for emotional and behavioral problems were drawn to take part in the study; 82.1% consented. Parents of 1000 children were interviewed with the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment and provided ratings of children's BI, victimization by peers and their own anxiety symptoms. Assessments of attachment and parent–child interaction were based on observation. Preschool teachers rated children's social competence. Children were reassessed after 2 years (N = 797). Results High scores on BI, attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder, parental anxiety, and peer victimization, along with low scores on social skills at age 4 collectively predicted anxiety disorders at age 6 after controlling for initial anxiety and other disorders. The effect of parental anxiety did only apply to children with high levels of BI. No effects of age-4 anxiety, gender, parenting, parental SES, divorce, peer acceptance, or attachment emerged. Conclusions Behavioral inhibition, parental anxiety, and peer victimization function as risk factors whereas high social competence may protect against anxiety disorders in young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12116 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=219

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers / Lars WICHSTROM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.695–705 Titre : Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lars WICHSTROM, Auteur ; Turid Suzanne BERG-NIELSEN, Auteur ; Adrian ANGOLD, Auteur ; Helen Link EGGER, Auteur ; Elisabet SOLHEIM, Auteur ; Trude Hamre SVEEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.695–705 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Diagnostic interview  ADHD  oppositional defiant disorder  conduct disorder  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Many disorders in childhood and adolescence were already present in the preschool years. However, there is little empirical research on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young children. A true community study using structured diagnostic tools has yet to be published. Methods:  All children born in 2003 or 2004 in the city of Trondheim, Norway, who attended the regular community health check-up for 4-year-olds (97.2% of eligible children) whose parents consented to take part in the study (N = 2,475, 82.0%) were screened for behavioral and emotional problems with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A screen-stratified subsample of 1,250 children took part in a furthermore comprehensive study including a structured diagnostic interview (the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, PAPA), which 995 parents (79.6%) completed. Results:  The estimated population rate for any psychiatric disorder (excluding encopresis – 6.4%) was 7.1%. The most common disorders were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (1.9%), oppositional defiant disorder (1.8%), conduct disorder (0.7%), anxiety disorders (1.5%), and depressive disorders (2.0%). Comorbidity among disorders was common. More emotional and behavioral disorders were seen in children whose parents did not live together and in those of low socioeconomic status. Boys more often had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depressive disorders than girls. Conclusions:  The prevalence of disorders among preschoolers was lower than in previous studies from the USA. Comorbidity was frequent and there was a male preponderance in ADHD and depression at this early age. These results underscore the fact that the most common disorders of childhood can already be diagnosed in preschoolers. However, rates of disorder in Norway may be lower than in the USA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157 [article] Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lars WICHSTROM, Auteur ; Turid Suzanne BERG-NIELSEN, Auteur ; Adrian ANGOLD, Auteur ; Helen Link EGGER, Auteur ; Elisabet SOLHEIM, Auteur ; Trude Hamre SVEEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.695–705. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-6 (June 2012) . - p.695–705 Mots-clés : Diagnostic interview  ADHD  oppositional defiant disorder  conduct disorder  anxiety  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Many disorders in childhood and adolescence were already present in the preschool years. However, there is little empirical research on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young children. A true community study using structured diagnostic tools has yet to be published. Methods:  All children born in 2003 or 2004 in the city of Trondheim, Norway, who attended the regular community health check-up for 4-year-olds (97.2% of eligible children) whose parents consented to take part in the study (N = 2,475, 82.0%) were screened for behavioral and emotional problems with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A screen-stratified subsample of 1,250 children took part in a furthermore comprehensive study including a structured diagnostic interview (the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, PAPA), which 995 parents (79.6%) completed. Results:  The estimated population rate for any psychiatric disorder (excluding encopresis – 6.4%) was 7.1%. The most common disorders were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (1.9%), oppositional defiant disorder (1.8%), conduct disorder (0.7%), anxiety disorders (1.5%), and depressive disorders (2.0%). Comorbidity among disorders was common. More emotional and behavioral disorders were seen in children whose parents did not live together and in those of low socioeconomic status. Boys more often had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depressive disorders than girls. Conclusions:  The prevalence of disorders among preschoolers was lower than in previous studies from the USA. Comorbidity was frequent and there was a male preponderance in ADHD and depression at this early age. These results underscore the fact that the most common disorders of childhood can already be diagnosed in preschoolers. However, rates of disorder in Norway may be lower than in the USA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=157

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