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Détail de l'auteur
Auteur D. RAI |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (2)
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Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism? / K. L. PAYNE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-10 (October 2019)
[article]
Titre : Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. L. PAYNE, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; R. MILLS, Auteur ; K. MARAS, Auteur ; D. RAI, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4159-4169 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Autistic-like traits Cyber-dependent crime Digital skills Explicit social cognition Interpersonal support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : International law enforcement agencies have reported an apparent preponderance of autistic individuals amongst perpetrators of cyber-dependent crimes, such as hacking or spreading malware (Ledingham and Mills in Adv Autism 1:1-10, 2015). However, no empirical evidence exists to support such a relationship. This is the first study to empirically explore potential relationships between cyber-dependent crime and autism, autistic-like traits, explicit social cognition and perceived interpersonal support. Participants were 290 internet users, 23 of whom self-reported being autistic, who completed an anonymous online survey. Increased risk of committing cyber-dependent crime was associated with higher autistic-like traits. A diagnosis of autism was associated with a decreased risk of committing cyber-dependent crime. Around 40% of the association between autistic-like traits and cyber-dependent crime was mediated by advanced digital skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04119-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=407
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-10 (October 2019) . - p.4159-4169[article] Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. L. PAYNE, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; R. MILLS, Auteur ; K. MARAS, Auteur ; D. RAI, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.4159-4169.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-10 (October 2019) . - p.4159-4169
Mots-clés : Autism Autistic-like traits Cyber-dependent crime Digital skills Explicit social cognition Interpersonal support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : International law enforcement agencies have reported an apparent preponderance of autistic individuals amongst perpetrators of cyber-dependent crimes, such as hacking or spreading malware (Ledingham and Mills in Adv Autism 1:1-10, 2015). However, no empirical evidence exists to support such a relationship. This is the first study to empirically explore potential relationships between cyber-dependent crime and autism, autistic-like traits, explicit social cognition and perceived interpersonal support. Participants were 290 internet users, 23 of whom self-reported being autistic, who completed an anonymous online survey. Increased risk of committing cyber-dependent crime was associated with higher autistic-like traits. A diagnosis of autism was associated with a decreased risk of committing cyber-dependent crime. Around 40% of the association between autistic-like traits and cyber-dependent crime was mediated by advanced digital skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04119-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=407 Prenatal mercury exposure and features of autism: a prospective population study / J. GOLDING in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : Prenatal mercury exposure and features of autism: a prospective population study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. GOLDING, Auteur ; D. RAI, Auteur ; S. GREGORY, Auteur ; G. ELLIS, Auteur ; A. EMOND, Auteur ; Y. ILES-CAVEN, Auteur ; J. HIBBELN, Auteur ; C. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 30p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autistic Disorder/epidemiology Child Female Fish Products/standards Food Contamination Humans Male Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Mercury/blood Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology alspac Autism Autistic traits Dental amalgam Fish consumption Prenatal mercury Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Mercury (Hg) has been suspected of causing autism in the past, especially a suspected link with vaccinations containing thiomersal, but a review of the literature shows that has been largely repudiated. Of more significant burden is the total quantity of Hg in the environment. Here, we have used the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to test whether prenatal exposure from total maternal blood Hg in the first half of pregnancy is associated with the risk of autism or of extreme levels of autistic traits. This is the largest longitudinal study to date to have tested this hypothesis and the only one to have considered early pregnancy. Methods: We have used three strategies: (1) direct comparison of 45 pregnancies resulting in children with diagnosed autism from a population of 3840, (2) comparison of high scores on each of the four autistic traits within the population at risk (n~2800), and (3) indirect measures of association of these outcomes with proxies for increased Hg levels such as frequency of fish consumption and exposure to dental amalgam (n > 8000). Logistic regression adjusted for social conditions including maternal age, housing circumstances, maternal education, and parity. Interactions were tested between risks to offspring of fish and non-fish eaters. Results: There was no suggestion of an adverse effect of total prenatal blood Hg levels on diagnosed autism (AOR 0.89; 95% CI 0.65, 1.22) per SD of Hg (P = 0.485). The only indication of adverse effects concerned a measure of poor social cognition when the mother ate no fish, where the AOR was 1.63 [95% CI 1.02, 2.62] per SD of Hg (P = 0.041), significantly different from the association among the offspring of fish-eaters (AOR = 0.74 [95% CI 0.41, 1.35]). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study identifies no adverse effect of prenatal total blood Hg on autism or autistic traits provided the mother ate fish. Although these results should be confirmed in other populations, accumulating evidence substantiates the recommendation to eat fish during pregnancy. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0215-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 30p.[article] Prenatal mercury exposure and features of autism: a prospective population study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. GOLDING, Auteur ; D. RAI, Auteur ; S. GREGORY, Auteur ; G. ELLIS, Auteur ; A. EMOND, Auteur ; Y. ILES-CAVEN, Auteur ; J. HIBBELN, Auteur ; C. TAYLOR, Auteur . - 30p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 30p.
Mots-clés : Adult Autistic Disorder/epidemiology Child Female Fish Products/standards Food Contamination Humans Male Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Mercury/blood Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology alspac Autism Autistic traits Dental amalgam Fish consumption Prenatal mercury Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Mercury (Hg) has been suspected of causing autism in the past, especially a suspected link with vaccinations containing thiomersal, but a review of the literature shows that has been largely repudiated. Of more significant burden is the total quantity of Hg in the environment. Here, we have used the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to test whether prenatal exposure from total maternal blood Hg in the first half of pregnancy is associated with the risk of autism or of extreme levels of autistic traits. This is the largest longitudinal study to date to have tested this hypothesis and the only one to have considered early pregnancy. Methods: We have used three strategies: (1) direct comparison of 45 pregnancies resulting in children with diagnosed autism from a population of 3840, (2) comparison of high scores on each of the four autistic traits within the population at risk (n~2800), and (3) indirect measures of association of these outcomes with proxies for increased Hg levels such as frequency of fish consumption and exposure to dental amalgam (n > 8000). Logistic regression adjusted for social conditions including maternal age, housing circumstances, maternal education, and parity. Interactions were tested between risks to offspring of fish and non-fish eaters. Results: There was no suggestion of an adverse effect of total prenatal blood Hg levels on diagnosed autism (AOR 0.89; 95% CI 0.65, 1.22) per SD of Hg (P = 0.485). The only indication of adverse effects concerned a measure of poor social cognition when the mother ate no fish, where the AOR was 1.63 [95% CI 1.02, 2.62] per SD of Hg (P = 0.041), significantly different from the association among the offspring of fish-eaters (AOR = 0.74 [95% CI 0.41, 1.35]). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study identifies no adverse effect of prenatal total blood Hg on autism or autistic traits provided the mother ate fish. Although these results should be confirmed in other populations, accumulating evidence substantiates the recommendation to eat fish during pregnancy. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0215-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371