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Auteur Mark BROSNAN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (37)
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Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show a Circumspect Reasoning Bias Rather than ‘Jumping-to-Conclusions’ / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-3 (March 2014)
[article]
Titre : Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show a Circumspect Reasoning Bias Rather than ‘Jumping-to-Conclusions’ Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Emma CHAPMAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.513-520 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Jumping-to-conclusions Reasoning bias Decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often take longer to make decisions. The Autism-Psychosis Model proposes that people with autism and psychosis show the opposite pattern of results on cognitive tasks. As those with psychosis show a jump-to-conclusions reasoning bias, those with ASD should show a circumspect reasoning bias. Jumping-to-conclusions was assessed in a sample of 20 adolescents with ASD and 23 age-matched controls using the jumping-to-conclusions beads task. Both groups demonstrated equivalent levels of confidence in decision-making, however the ASD group required more beads than controls before making their decision. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the beads required and degree of autism symptoms. Consistent with the Autism-Psychosis Model, a more circumspect reasoning bias was evident in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1897-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=225
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-3 (March 2014) . - p.513-520[article] Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Show a Circumspect Reasoning Bias Rather than ‘Jumping-to-Conclusions’ [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Emma CHAPMAN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur . - p.513-520.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-3 (March 2014) . - p.513-520
Mots-clés : Autism Jumping-to-conclusions Reasoning bias Decision-making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often take longer to make decisions. The Autism-Psychosis Model proposes that people with autism and psychosis show the opposite pattern of results on cognitive tasks. As those with psychosis show a jump-to-conclusions reasoning bias, those with ASD should show a circumspect reasoning bias. Jumping-to-conclusions was assessed in a sample of 20 adolescents with ASD and 23 age-matched controls using the jumping-to-conclusions beads task. Both groups demonstrated equivalent levels of confidence in decision-making, however the ASD group required more beads than controls before making their decision. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the beads required and degree of autism symptoms. Consistent with the Autism-Psychosis Model, a more circumspect reasoning bias was evident in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1897-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=225 An Exploratory Study of a Dimensional Assessment of the Diagnostic Criteria for Autism / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-11 (November 2020)
[article]
Titre : An Exploratory Study of a Dimensional Assessment of the Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4158-4164 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism assessment Autistic-like traits Diagnostic criteria Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prevalence rates of autism based upon child samples have shown a consistent increase over the past three decades, suggesting that many autistic adults are undiagnosed. Adult diagnostic pathways typically are initiated with measures of autistic-like traits. Whilst autistic-like traits represent a continuous dimension across the general population, autism is a categorical diagnosis and the relationship between the two is unclear. A self-report dimensional reflection upon the two diagnostic criteria for autism was developed and reflected upon by 1076 participants embedded within two online surveys. Those with an informal (self) diagnosis of autism self-reported comparable social difficulties but fewer restricted and repetitive behaviour difficulties than those with a formal diagnosis of autism. The new items also significantly correlated with autistic-like traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04474-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=432
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-11 (November 2020) . - p.4158-4164[article] An Exploratory Study of a Dimensional Assessment of the Diagnostic Criteria for Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.4158-4164.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-11 (November 2020) . - p.4158-4164
Mots-clés : Autism assessment Autistic-like traits Diagnostic criteria Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prevalence rates of autism based upon child samples have shown a consistent increase over the past three decades, suggesting that many autistic adults are undiagnosed. Adult diagnostic pathways typically are initiated with measures of autistic-like traits. Whilst autistic-like traits represent a continuous dimension across the general population, autism is a categorical diagnosis and the relationship between the two is unclear. A self-report dimensional reflection upon the two diagnostic criteria for autism was developed and reflected upon by 1076 participants embedded within two online surveys. Those with an informal (self) diagnosis of autism self-reported comparable social difficulties but fewer restricted and repetitive behaviour difficulties than those with a formal diagnosis of autism. The new items also significantly correlated with autistic-like traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04474-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=432 Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective / S. LAMBE in Autism, 23-6 (August 2019)
[article]
Titre : Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. LAMBE, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; C. BUTLER, Auteur ; S. FLETCHER, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1531-1541 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : education services qualitative research transition university young adult Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : University provides individuals with the opportunity to develop greater independence in living skills and social networks, while also gaining valuable qualifications. Despite a high proportion of autistic individuals aspiring to attend university, many either do not seek or gain entry or drop out prematurely. Although some steps have been taken to develop effective support, a recent review highlighted the scarcity of research into programmes designed to support autistic students transitioning to university. In addition, few studies have examined the views of autistic students themselves. This study investigated the perspectives of autistic students transitioning to university. Three focus groups were conducted with 25 autistic students preparing to start university. Participants were asked about their hopes for starting university, as well as their worries and concerns. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, from which five main themes were identified: The Social World, Academic Demands, Practicalities of University Living, Leaving the Scaffolding of Home and Transition to Adulthood. The results provide an important account of the challenges autistic students face when transitioning to university, as well as their aspirations. These findings have a number of practical implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318803935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403
in Autism > 23-6 (August 2019) . - p.1531-1541[article] Autism and the transition to university from the student perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. LAMBE, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; C. BUTLER, Auteur ; S. FLETCHER, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - p.1531-1541.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-6 (August 2019) . - p.1531-1541
Mots-clés : education services qualitative research transition university young adult Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : University provides individuals with the opportunity to develop greater independence in living skills and social networks, while also gaining valuable qualifications. Despite a high proportion of autistic individuals aspiring to attend university, many either do not seek or gain entry or drop out prematurely. Although some steps have been taken to develop effective support, a recent review highlighted the scarcity of research into programmes designed to support autistic students transitioning to university. In addition, few studies have examined the views of autistic students themselves. This study investigated the perspectives of autistic students transitioning to university. Three focus groups were conducted with 25 autistic students preparing to start university. Participants were asked about their hopes for starting university, as well as their worries and concerns. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, from which five main themes were identified: The Social World, Academic Demands, Practicalities of University Living, Leaving the Scaffolding of Home and Transition to Adulthood. The results provide an important account of the challenges autistic students face when transitioning to university, as well as their aspirations. These findings have a number of practical implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318803935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403 Autistic adults’ experience of restricted repetitive behaviours / E. COLLIS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 90 (February 2022)
[article]
Titre : Autistic adults’ experience of restricted repetitive behaviours Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. COLLIS, Auteur ; J. GAVIN, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101895 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Restrictive repetitive behavior Adult Camouflaging Masking Self-regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRB) are a core characteristic of autism, though little is known about autistic people’s lived experience of these phenomena. Research has defined RRB in terms of: 1) a distinction between higher-order and lower-order RRB; as well as 2) a perceived lack of function and 3) a perceived lack of voluntary control. Method Twelve autistic adults without intellectual disability were interviewed to elucidate an understanding of these three issues from their lived experience. Results Thematic analysis identified four key themes regarding RRB: Self-regulation; positive impacts; negative impacts and suppression. The distinction between higher-order and lower-order RRB was not reflected in the adults’ lived experience. In addition to having both positive and negative impacts, the expression of RRB for some behaviours in certain contexts was largely, though not wholly, under voluntary control. Perceived negative evaluations from others can result in strategies to minimise the expression of RRB to observers, although suppressing RRB can be stressful with a cost to the individual. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the important functions of RRB and both its positive and negative impacts. It indicates that future research should look to help maximise the positive impacts and minimize the negative, and consider the impact suppression of RRB has on mental health and functioning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 90 (February 2022) . - 101895[article] Autistic adults’ experience of restricted repetitive behaviours [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. COLLIS, Auteur ; J. GAVIN, Auteur ; A. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur . - 101895.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 90 (February 2022) . - 101895
Mots-clés : Autism Restrictive repetitive behavior Adult Camouflaging Masking Self-regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours (RRB) are a core characteristic of autism, though little is known about autistic people’s lived experience of these phenomena. Research has defined RRB in terms of: 1) a distinction between higher-order and lower-order RRB; as well as 2) a perceived lack of function and 3) a perceived lack of voluntary control. Method Twelve autistic adults without intellectual disability were interviewed to elucidate an understanding of these three issues from their lived experience. Results Thematic analysis identified four key themes regarding RRB: Self-regulation; positive impacts; negative impacts and suppression. The distinction between higher-order and lower-order RRB was not reflected in the adults’ lived experience. In addition to having both positive and negative impacts, the expression of RRB for some behaviours in certain contexts was largely, though not wholly, under voluntary control. Perceived negative evaluations from others can result in strategies to minimise the expression of RRB to observers, although suppressing RRB can be stressful with a cost to the individual. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the important functions of RRB and both its positive and negative impacts. It indicates that future research should look to help maximise the positive impacts and minimize the negative, and consider the impact suppression of RRB has on mental health and functioning. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458 Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations / Ralph BAGNALL in Autism, 28-3 (March 2024)
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Titre : Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ralph BAGNALL, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Katie MARAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.718-731 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism deception memory social cognition and social behaviour theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and adolescents often have greater difficulty engaging in deception than their non-autistic peers. However, deception in autistic adulthood has received little attention to date. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their inclination to lie in everyday situations and the factors that underpin this. Forty-one autistic and 41 non-autistic participants completed self-report measures relating to their inclination to lie, ability to lie and moral attitudes about the acceptability of lying. Participants also undertook a reaction-time test of lie-telling, as well as theory of mind and working memory measures. Autistic and non-autistic adults did not significantly differ in their inclination to lie in everyday situations. The degree to which lying was viewed as morally acceptable positively predicted both groups' inclination to lie. The remaining factors underpinning the inclination to lie differed between groups. Lower self-rated lying ability and slower lie speed predicted a reduced inclination to lie in autistic participants, whereas higher theory of mind and working memory capacity predicted a reduced inclination to lie in the non-autistic group. Implications for our understanding of deception in autistic and non-autistic adults are discussed. Lay abstract Differences in social communication and understanding others' mental states may mean that autistic adults are less likely to deceive others than non-autistic individuals. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their inclination to lie and which psychological factors are involved in the inclination to lie. We found that autistic and non-autistic groups reported a similar inclination to lie, and the extent to which participants viewed lying as acceptable helped to explain their inclination to deceive others. However, the other underlying psychological factors associated with deception inclination differed between autistic and non-autistic groups. Autistic adults' belief about their ability to lie and also how quickly they could lie helped to explain whether they were more or less inclined to lie. For non-autistic adults, their memory and ability to understand others' mental states helped to explain their lie inclination. We discuss these findings and recommend areas for future research. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183911 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523
in Autism > 28-3 (March 2024) . - p.718-731[article] Autistic adults' inclination to lie in everyday situations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ralph BAGNALL, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Mark BROSNAN, Auteur ; Katie MARAS, Auteur . - p.718-731.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 28-3 (March 2024) . - p.718-731
Mots-clés : autism deception memory social cognition and social behaviour theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic children and adolescents often have greater difficulty engaging in deception than their non-autistic peers. However, deception in autistic adulthood has received little attention to date. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their inclination to lie in everyday situations and the factors that underpin this. Forty-one autistic and 41 non-autistic participants completed self-report measures relating to their inclination to lie, ability to lie and moral attitudes about the acceptability of lying. Participants also undertook a reaction-time test of lie-telling, as well as theory of mind and working memory measures. Autistic and non-autistic adults did not significantly differ in their inclination to lie in everyday situations. The degree to which lying was viewed as morally acceptable positively predicted both groups' inclination to lie. The remaining factors underpinning the inclination to lie differed between groups. Lower self-rated lying ability and slower lie speed predicted a reduced inclination to lie in autistic participants, whereas higher theory of mind and working memory capacity predicted a reduced inclination to lie in the non-autistic group. Implications for our understanding of deception in autistic and non-autistic adults are discussed. Lay abstract Differences in social communication and understanding others' mental states may mean that autistic adults are less likely to deceive others than non-autistic individuals. We investigated whether autistic and non-autistic adults differ in their inclination to lie and which psychological factors are involved in the inclination to lie. We found that autistic and non-autistic groups reported a similar inclination to lie, and the extent to which participants viewed lying as acceptable helped to explain their inclination to deceive others. However, the other underlying psychological factors associated with deception inclination differed between autistic and non-autistic groups. Autistic adults' belief about their ability to lie and also how quickly they could lie helped to explain whether they were more or less inclined to lie. For non-autistic adults, their memory and ability to understand others' mental states helped to explain their lie inclination. We discuss these findings and recommend areas for future research. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183911 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523 Brief Report: Intuitive and Reflective Reasoning in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-8 (August 2017)
PermalinkBrief Report: The Relationship Between Visual Acuity, the Embedded Figures Test and Systemizing in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-11 (November 2012)
PermalinkPermalinkDeficits in metacognitive monitoring in mathematics assessments in learners with autism spectrum disorder / Mark BROSNAN in Autism, 20-4 (May 2016)
PermalinkDeveloping an Online Tool to Measure Social Network Structure and Perceived Social Support Amongst Autistic Students in Higher Education: A Feasibility Study / J. LEI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-9 (September 2019)
PermalinkDifferences in anxieties and social networks in a group-matched sample of autistic and typically developing students transitioning to university / Jiedi LEI in Autism, 24-5 (July 2020)
PermalinkDifferences in Art Appreciation in Autism: A Measure of Reduced Intuitive Processing / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-11 (November 2023)
PermalinkDigitally-Mediated Social Stories Support Children on the Autism Spectrum Adapting to a Change in a 'Real-World' Context / Elizabeth SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-2 (February 2021)
PermalinkDiminished sensitivity and specificity at recognising facial emotional expressions of varying intensity underlie emotion-specific recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders / Tanja S. H. WINGENBACH in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 34 (February 2017)
PermalinkEmotion Recognition in Animated Compared to Human Stimuli in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Mark BROSNAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-6 (June 2015)
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