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Measuring the prediction of observed actions using an occlusion paradigm: Comparing autistic and non-autistic adults / Emma GOWEN in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)
[article]
Titre : Measuring the prediction of observed actions using an occlusion paradigm: Comparing autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emma GOWEN, Auteur ; Ellen POLIAKOFF, Auteur ; Hayley SHEPHERD, Auteur ; Waltraud STADLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1636-1648 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Female Humans Movement action perception action prediction autism occlusion paradigm simulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Action prediction involves observing and predicting the actions of others and plays an important role in social cognition and interacting with others. It is thought to use simulation, whereby the observers use their own motor system to predict the observed actions. As individuals diagnosed with autism are characterized by difficulties understanding the actions of others and motor coordination issues, it is possible that action prediction ability is altered in this population. This study compared action prediction ability between 20 autistic and 22 non-autistic adults using an occlusion paradigm. Participants watched different videos of a female actor carrying out everyday actions. During each video, the action was transiently occluded by a gray rectangle for 1000ms. During occlusions, the video was allowed to continue as normal or was moved forward (i.e., appearing to continue too far ahead) or moved backwards (i.e., appearing to continue too far behind). Participants were asked to indicate after each occlusion whether the action continued with the correct timing or was too far ahead/behind. Autistic individuals were less accurate than non-autistic individuals, particularly when the video was too far behind. A trend analysis suggested that autistic participants were more likely to judge too far behind occlusions as being in time. These preliminary results suggest that prediction ability may be altered in autistic adults, potentially due to slower simulation or a delayed onset of these processes. LAY SUMMARY: When we observe other people performing everyday actions, we use their movements to help us understand and predict what they are doing. In this study, we found that autistic compared to non-autistic adults were slightly less accurate at predicting other people's actions. These findings help to unpick the different ways that social understanding is affected in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2716 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1636-1648[article] Measuring the prediction of observed actions using an occlusion paradigm: Comparing autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emma GOWEN, Auteur ; Ellen POLIAKOFF, Auteur ; Hayley SHEPHERD, Auteur ; Waltraud STADLER, Auteur . - p.1636-1648.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1636-1648
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Female Humans Movement action perception action prediction autism occlusion paradigm simulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Action prediction involves observing and predicting the actions of others and plays an important role in social cognition and interacting with others. It is thought to use simulation, whereby the observers use their own motor system to predict the observed actions. As individuals diagnosed with autism are characterized by difficulties understanding the actions of others and motor coordination issues, it is possible that action prediction ability is altered in this population. This study compared action prediction ability between 20 autistic and 22 non-autistic adults using an occlusion paradigm. Participants watched different videos of a female actor carrying out everyday actions. During each video, the action was transiently occluded by a gray rectangle for 1000ms. During occlusions, the video was allowed to continue as normal or was moved forward (i.e., appearing to continue too far ahead) or moved backwards (i.e., appearing to continue too far behind). Participants were asked to indicate after each occlusion whether the action continued with the correct timing or was too far ahead/behind. Autistic individuals were less accurate than non-autistic individuals, particularly when the video was too far behind. A trend analysis suggested that autistic participants were more likely to judge too far behind occlusions as being in time. These preliminary results suggest that prediction ability may be altered in autistic adults, potentially due to slower simulation or a delayed onset of these processes. LAY SUMMARY: When we observe other people performing everyday actions, we use their movements to help us understand and predict what they are doing. In this study, we found that autistic compared to non-autistic adults were slightly less accurate at predicting other people's actions. These findings help to unpick the different ways that social understanding is affected in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2716 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 Abilities to Explicitly and Implicitly Infer Intentions from Actions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / E. J. COLE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-5 (May 2018)
[article]
Titre : Abilities to Explicitly and Implicitly Infer Intentions from Actions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. J. COLE, Auteur ; K. E. SLOCOMBE, Auteur ; N. E. BARRACLOUGH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1712-1726 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Action perception Autism spectrum disorder Autistic traits Eye-tracking Intentions Mentalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research suggests that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) might be associated with impairments on implicit but not explicit mentalizing tasks. However, such comparisons are made difficult by the heterogeneity of stimuli and the techniques used to measure mentalizing capabilities. We tested the abilities of 34 individuals (17 with ASD) to derive intentions from others' actions during both explicit and implicit tasks and tracked their eye-movements. Adults with ASD displayed explicit but not implicit mentalizing deficits. Adults with ASD displayed typical fixation patterns during both implicit and explicit tasks. These results illustrate an explicit mentalizing deficit in adults with ASD, which cannot be attributed to differences in fixation patterns. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3425-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=355
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-5 (May 2018) . - p.1712-1726[article] Abilities to Explicitly and Implicitly Infer Intentions from Actions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. J. COLE, Auteur ; K. E. SLOCOMBE, Auteur ; N. E. BARRACLOUGH, Auteur . - p.1712-1726.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-5 (May 2018) . - p.1712-1726
Mots-clés : Action perception Autism spectrum disorder Autistic traits Eye-tracking Intentions Mentalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research suggests that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) might be associated with impairments on implicit but not explicit mentalizing tasks. However, such comparisons are made difficult by the heterogeneity of stimuli and the techniques used to measure mentalizing capabilities. We tested the abilities of 34 individuals (17 with ASD) to derive intentions from others' actions during both explicit and implicit tasks and tracked their eye-movements. Adults with ASD displayed explicit but not implicit mentalizing deficits. Adults with ASD displayed typical fixation patterns during both implicit and explicit tasks. These results illustrate an explicit mentalizing deficit in adults with ASD, which cannot be attributed to differences in fixation patterns. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3425-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=355