3 recherche sur le mot-clé 'harshness'

Harshness and unpredictability: Childhood environmental links with immune and asthma outcomes / Phoebe H. LAM in Development and Psychopathology, 34-2 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 587-596 Titre : Harshness and unpredictability: Childhood environmental links with immune and asthma outcomes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Phoebe H. LAM, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Lauren HOFFER, Auteur ; Rebekah SILIEZAR, Auteur ; Johanna DEZIL, Auteur ; Amanda MCDONALD, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 587-596 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : asthma  harshness  inflammation  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The environment has pervasive impacts on human development, and two key environmental conditions ? harshness and unpredictability ? are proposed to be instrumental in tuning development. This study examined (1) how harsh and unpredictable environments related to immune and clinical outcomes in the context of childhood asthma, and (2) whether there were independent associations of harshness and unpredictability with these outcomes. Participants were 290 youth physician-diagnosed with asthma. Harshness was assessed with youth-reported exposure to violence and neighborhood-level murder rate. Unpredictability was assessed with parent reports of family structural changes. Youth also completed measures of asthma control as well as asthma quality of life and provided blood samples to assess immune profiles, including in vitro cytokine responses to challenge and sensitivity to inhibitory signals from glucocorticoids. Results indicated that harshness was associated with more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine production following challenge and less sensitivity to the inhibitory properties of glucocorticoids. Furthermore, youth exposed to harsher environments reported less asthma control and poorer quality of life. All associations with harshness persisted when controlling for unpredictability. No associations between unpredictability and outcomes were found. These findings suggest that relative to unpredictability, harshness may be a more consistent correlate of asthma-relevant immune and clinical outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 [article] Harshness and unpredictability: Childhood environmental links with immune and asthma outcomes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Phoebe H. LAM, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Lauren HOFFER, Auteur ; Rebekah SILIEZAR, Auteur ; Johanna DEZIL, Auteur ; Amanda MCDONALD, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur . - 587-596. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 587-596 Mots-clés : asthma  harshness  inflammation  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The environment has pervasive impacts on human development, and two key environmental conditions ? harshness and unpredictability ? are proposed to be instrumental in tuning development. This study examined (1) how harsh and unpredictable environments related to immune and clinical outcomes in the context of childhood asthma, and (2) whether there were independent associations of harshness and unpredictability with these outcomes. Participants were 290 youth physician-diagnosed with asthma. Harshness was assessed with youth-reported exposure to violence and neighborhood-level murder rate. Unpredictability was assessed with parent reports of family structural changes. Youth also completed measures of asthma control as well as asthma quality of life and provided blood samples to assess immune profiles, including in vitro cytokine responses to challenge and sensitivity to inhibitory signals from glucocorticoids. Results indicated that harshness was associated with more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine production following challenge and less sensitivity to the inhibitory properties of glucocorticoids. Furthermore, youth exposed to harsher environments reported less asthma control and poorer quality of life. All associations with harshness persisted when controlling for unpredictability. No associations between unpredictability and outcomes were found. These findings suggest that relative to unpredictability, harshness may be a more consistent correlate of asthma-relevant immune and clinical outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474

Environmental harshness and unpredictability: Do they affect the same parents and children? / Xiaoya ZHANG in Development and Psychopathology, 34-2 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 667-673 Titre : Environmental harshness and unpredictability: Do they affect the same parents and children? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiaoya ZHANG, Auteur ; Gabriel L. SCHLOMER, Auteur ; Bruce J. ELLIS, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 667-673 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : differential susceptibility  harshness  life-history theory  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differential susceptibility theory stipulates that individuals vary in their susceptibility to environmental effects, often implying that the same individuals differ in the same way in their susceptibility to different environmental exposures. The latter point is addressed herein by evaluating the extent to which early-life harshness and unpredictability affect mother's psychological well-being and parenting, as well as their adolescent's life-history strategy, as reflected in number of sexual partners by age 15 years, drawing on data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Results indicated that mothers whose well-being and parenting proved more susceptible to harshness also proved somewhat more susceptible to environmental unpredictability, with the same being true of adolescent sexual behavior. Nevertheless, findings caution against overgeneralizing sample-level findings to all individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942100095x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 [article] Environmental harshness and unpredictability: Do they affect the same parents and children? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiaoya ZHANG, Auteur ; Gabriel L. SCHLOMER, Auteur ; Bruce J. ELLIS, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur . - 667-673. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 667-673 Mots-clés : differential susceptibility  harshness  life-history theory  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differential susceptibility theory stipulates that individuals vary in their susceptibility to environmental effects, often implying that the same individuals differ in the same way in their susceptibility to different environmental exposures. The latter point is addressed herein by evaluating the extent to which early-life harshness and unpredictability affect mother's psychological well-being and parenting, as well as their adolescent's life-history strategy, as reflected in number of sexual partners by age 15 years, drawing on data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Results indicated that mothers whose well-being and parenting proved more susceptible to harshness also proved somewhat more susceptible to environmental unpredictability, with the same being true of adolescent sexual behavior. Nevertheless, findings caution against overgeneralizing sample-level findings to all individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942100095x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474

Parenting moderates the etiology of callous-unemotional traits in middle childhood / Rachel C. TOMLINSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-8 (August 2022) . - p.912-920 Titre : Parenting moderates the etiology of callous-unemotional traits in middle childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel C. TOMLINSON, Auteur ; Luke W. HYDE, Auteur ; Hailey L. DOTTERER, Auteur ; Kelly L. KLUMP, Auteur ; S Alexandra BURT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.912-920 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Antisocial Personality Disorder/genetics/psychology  Child  Conduct Disorder/genetics/psychology  Copper  Emotions  Empathy  Humans  Parenting/psychology  Genotype×Environment (G×E) interaction  Harshness  twin model  warmth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with chronic and escalating trajectories of antisocial behavior. Extant etiologic studies suggest that heritability estimates for CU traits vary substantially, while also pointing to an environmental association between parenting and CU traits. METHODS: We used twin modeling to estimate additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and nonshared environmental (E) influences on CU traits, measured with the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) and its subscales. Our sample included 600 twin pairs (age 6-11, 230 monozygotic) from neighborhoods with above-average levels of family poverty, a risk factor for antisocial behavior. We examined the extent to which correlations between parenting, measured via parent and child report on the Parental Environment Questionnaire, and CU traits reflected genetic versus environmental factors. Then, we tested whether parenting moderated the heritability of CU traits. RESULTS: In the context of lower-income neighborhoods, CU traits were moderately to highly heritable (A=54%) with similar moderate-to-high nonshared environmental influences (E=46%). Bivariate models revealed that associations between CU traits and warm parenting were genetic (rA=.22) and environmental (rE=.19) in origin, whereas associations between CU traits and harsh parenting were largely genetic in origin (rA=.70). The heritability of CU traits decreased with increasing parental warmth and decreasing harshness. CONCLUSIONS: Callous-unemotional traits are both genetic and environmental in origin during middle childhood, but genetic influences are moderated by parenting quality. Parenting may be an important target for interventions, particularly among youth with greater genetic risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13542 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486 [article] Parenting moderates the etiology of callous-unemotional traits in middle childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel C. TOMLINSON, Auteur ; Luke W. HYDE, Auteur ; Hailey L. DOTTERER, Auteur ; Kelly L. KLUMP, Auteur ; S Alexandra BURT, Auteur . - p.912-920. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-8 (August 2022) . - p.912-920 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Antisocial Personality Disorder/genetics/psychology  Child  Conduct Disorder/genetics/psychology  Copper  Emotions  Empathy  Humans  Parenting/psychology  Genotype×Environment (G×E) interaction  Harshness  twin model  warmth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with chronic and escalating trajectories of antisocial behavior. Extant etiologic studies suggest that heritability estimates for CU traits vary substantially, while also pointing to an environmental association between parenting and CU traits. METHODS: We used twin modeling to estimate additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and nonshared environmental (E) influences on CU traits, measured with the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) and its subscales. Our sample included 600 twin pairs (age 6-11, 230 monozygotic) from neighborhoods with above-average levels of family poverty, a risk factor for antisocial behavior. We examined the extent to which correlations between parenting, measured via parent and child report on the Parental Environment Questionnaire, and CU traits reflected genetic versus environmental factors. Then, we tested whether parenting moderated the heritability of CU traits. RESULTS: In the context of lower-income neighborhoods, CU traits were moderately to highly heritable (A=54%) with similar moderate-to-high nonshared environmental influences (E=46%). Bivariate models revealed that associations between CU traits and warm parenting were genetic (rA=.22) and environmental (rE=.19) in origin, whereas associations between CU traits and harsh parenting were largely genetic in origin (rA=.70). The heritability of CU traits decreased with increasing parental warmth and decreasing harshness. CONCLUSIONS: Callous-unemotional traits are both genetic and environmental in origin during middle childhood, but genetic influences are moderated by parenting quality. Parenting may be an important target for interventions, particularly among youth with greater genetic risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13542 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486