5 recherche sur le mot-clé 'unpredictability'

Unpredictability reduces over-selective responding of individuals with ASD who have language impairments / Phil REED in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 57 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 57 (January 2019) . - p.35-45 Titre : Unpredictability reduces over-selective responding of individuals with ASD who have language impairments Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Phil REED, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.35-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Over-selectivity  Unpredictability  Partial reinforcement  Reinforcement reduction  Remediation of over-selectivity  ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The phenomenon whereby behavior becomes controlled by one aspect of the environment at the expense of other equally-salient aspects of the environment (stimulus over-selectivity) is extremely common in many with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the theoretical mechanisms underpinning over-selectivity and its remediation are not well understood. Four experiments explored whether principles derived from associability accounts of learning, notably the concept of uncertainty, might allow better theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. Method: Participants with ASD who had language impairments received simultaneous discrimination training (AB+/CD?), and were tested in extinction regarding the degree to which the separate elements (A and B) of the previously reinforced compound (AB+) controlled behavior. Results: All experiments established the presence of over-selectivity; choosing one stimulus element to a greater-extent than the other. In Experiments 1 and 2, relative to a 100% feedback schedule, over-selectivity reduced when a 50%, but not a 25%, schedule of feedback was used. In Experiment 3, prolonged schedule exposure reduced over-selectivity. In Experiment 4, change from a 100% to a 33% schedule did not reduce over-selectivity. Conclusions: These results suggest that unpredictability, rather than variability per se, or reinforcement reduction and change, reduces over-selectivity. This suggests that attentional mechanisms, especially uncertainty, may play a role in this phenomenon during its acquisition and remediation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.10.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] Unpredictability reduces over-selective responding of individuals with ASD who have language impairments [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Phil REED, Auteur . - p.35-45. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 57 (January 2019) . - p.35-45 Mots-clés : Over-selectivity  Unpredictability  Partial reinforcement  Reinforcement reduction  Remediation of over-selectivity  ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The phenomenon whereby behavior becomes controlled by one aspect of the environment at the expense of other equally-salient aspects of the environment (stimulus over-selectivity) is extremely common in many with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the theoretical mechanisms underpinning over-selectivity and its remediation are not well understood. Four experiments explored whether principles derived from associability accounts of learning, notably the concept of uncertainty, might allow better theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. Method: Participants with ASD who had language impairments received simultaneous discrimination training (AB+/CD?), and were tested in extinction regarding the degree to which the separate elements (A and B) of the previously reinforced compound (AB+) controlled behavior. Results: All experiments established the presence of over-selectivity; choosing one stimulus element to a greater-extent than the other. In Experiments 1 and 2, relative to a 100% feedback schedule, over-selectivity reduced when a 50%, but not a 25%, schedule of feedback was used. In Experiment 3, prolonged schedule exposure reduced over-selectivity. In Experiment 4, change from a 100% to a 33% schedule did not reduce over-selectivity. Conclusions: These results suggest that unpredictability, rather than variability per se, or reinforcement reduction and change, reduces over-selectivity. This suggests that attentional mechanisms, especially uncertainty, may play a role in this phenomenon during its acquisition and remediation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.10.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Assessing unpredictability in caregiver-child relationships: Insights from theoretical and empirical perspectives / Elisa UGARTE in Development and Psychopathology, 36-3 (August 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 36-3 (August 2024) . - p.1070-1089 Titre : Assessing unpredictability in caregiver-child relationships: Insights from theoretical and empirical perspectives Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elisa UGARTE, Auteur ; Paul D. HASTINGS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1070-1089 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : caregiver unpredictability  dynamic systems  entropy  environmental statistics  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been significant interest and progress in understanding the role of caregiver unpredictability on brain maturation, cognitive and socioemotional development, and psychopathology. Theoretical consensus has emerged about the unique influence of unpredictability in shaping children?s experience, distinct from other adverse exposures or features of stress exposure. Nonetheless, the field still lacks theoretical and empirical common ground due to difficulties in accurately conceptualizing and measuring unpredictability in the caregiver-child relationship. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the role of unpredictability in theories of caregiving and childhood adversity and present four issues that are currently under-discussed but are crucial to the field. Focusing on how moment-to-moment and day-to-day dynamics are at the heart of caregiver unpredictability, we review three approaches aiming to address some of these nuances: Environmental statistics, entropy, and dynamic systems. Lastly, we conclude with a broad summary and suggest future research directions. Systematic progress in this field can inform interventions and policies aiming to increase stability in the lives of children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000305 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538 [article] Assessing unpredictability in caregiver-child relationships: Insights from theoretical and empirical perspectives [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elisa UGARTE, Auteur ; Paul D. HASTINGS, Auteur . - p.1070-1089. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 36-3 (August 2024) . - p.1070-1089 Mots-clés : caregiver unpredictability  dynamic systems  entropy  environmental statistics  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been significant interest and progress in understanding the role of caregiver unpredictability on brain maturation, cognitive and socioemotional development, and psychopathology. Theoretical consensus has emerged about the unique influence of unpredictability in shaping children?s experience, distinct from other adverse exposures or features of stress exposure. Nonetheless, the field still lacks theoretical and empirical common ground due to difficulties in accurately conceptualizing and measuring unpredictability in the caregiver-child relationship. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the role of unpredictability in theories of caregiving and childhood adversity and present four issues that are currently under-discussed but are crucial to the field. Focusing on how moment-to-moment and day-to-day dynamics are at the heart of caregiver unpredictability, we review three approaches aiming to address some of these nuances: Environmental statistics, entropy, and dynamic systems. Lastly, we conclude with a broad summary and suggest future research directions. Systematic progress in this field can inform interventions and policies aiming to increase stability in the lives of children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000305 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538

Childhood unpredictability research within the developmental psychopathology framework: Advances, implications, and future directions / Jenalee R. DOOM ; Deborah Han ; Kenia M. RIVERA ; Tenzin Tseten in Development and Psychopathology, 36-5 (December 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 36-5 (December 2024) . - p.2452-2463 Titre : Childhood unpredictability research within the developmental psychopathology framework: Advances, implications, and future directions : Development and Psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jenalee R. DOOM, Auteur ; Deborah Han, Auteur ; Kenia M. RIVERA, Auteur ; Tenzin Tseten, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p.2452-2463 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : childhood  developmental psychopathology  interventions  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Greater unpredictability in childhood from the level of the caregiver-child dyad to broader family, home, or environmental instability is consistently associated with disruptions in cognitive, socioemotional, behavioral, and biological development in humans. These findings are bolstered by experimental research in non-human animal models suggesting that early life unpredictability is an important environmental signal to the developing organism that shapes neurodevelopment and behavior. Research on childhood unpredictability has surged in the past several years, guided in part by theoretical grounding from the developmental psychopathology framework (shaped largely by Dr. Dante Cicchetti?s innovative work). The current review focuses on future directions for unpredictability research, including probing intergenerational effects, the role of predictability in resilience, cultural and contextual considerations, and novel developmental outcomes that should be tested in relation to childhood unpredictability. We urge the integration of multidisciplinary perspectives and collaborations into future research on unpredictability. We also provide ideas for translating this research to real-world practice and policy and encourage high-quality research testing whether incorporating predictability into interventions and policy improves developmental outcomes, which would support further dissemination of these findings. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579424000610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=545 [article] Childhood unpredictability research within the developmental psychopathology framework: Advances, implications, and future directions : Development and Psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jenalee R. DOOM, Auteur ; Deborah Han, Auteur ; Kenia M. RIVERA, Auteur ; Tenzin Tseten, Auteur . - 2024 . - p.2452-2463. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 36-5 (December 2024) . - p.2452-2463 Mots-clés : childhood  developmental psychopathology  interventions  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Greater unpredictability in childhood from the level of the caregiver-child dyad to broader family, home, or environmental instability is consistently associated with disruptions in cognitive, socioemotional, behavioral, and biological development in humans. These findings are bolstered by experimental research in non-human animal models suggesting that early life unpredictability is an important environmental signal to the developing organism that shapes neurodevelopment and behavior. Research on childhood unpredictability has surged in the past several years, guided in part by theoretical grounding from the developmental psychopathology framework (shaped largely by Dr. Dante Cicchetti?s innovative work). The current review focuses on future directions for unpredictability research, including probing intergenerational effects, the role of predictability in resilience, cultural and contextual considerations, and novel developmental outcomes that should be tested in relation to childhood unpredictability. We urge the integration of multidisciplinary perspectives and collaborations into future research on unpredictability. We also provide ideas for translating this research to real-world practice and policy and encourage high-quality research testing whether incorporating predictability into interventions and policy improves developmental outcomes, which would support further dissemination of these findings. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579424000610 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=545

Environmental harshness and unpredictability: Do they affect the same parents and children? / Xiaoya ZHANG in Development and Psychopathology, 34-2 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 667-673 Titre : Environmental harshness and unpredictability: Do they affect the same parents and children? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiaoya ZHANG, Auteur ; Gabriel L. SCHLOMER, Auteur ; Bruce J. ELLIS, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 667-673 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : differential susceptibility  harshness  life-history theory  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differential susceptibility theory stipulates that individuals vary in their susceptibility to environmental effects, often implying that the same individuals differ in the same way in their susceptibility to different environmental exposures. The latter point is addressed herein by evaluating the extent to which early-life harshness and unpredictability affect mother's psychological well-being and parenting, as well as their adolescent's life-history strategy, as reflected in number of sexual partners by age 15 years, drawing on data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Results indicated that mothers whose well-being and parenting proved more susceptible to harshness also proved somewhat more susceptible to environmental unpredictability, with the same being true of adolescent sexual behavior. Nevertheless, findings caution against overgeneralizing sample-level findings to all individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942100095x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 [article] Environmental harshness and unpredictability: Do they affect the same parents and children? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiaoya ZHANG, Auteur ; Gabriel L. SCHLOMER, Auteur ; Bruce J. ELLIS, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur . - 667-673. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 667-673 Mots-clés : differential susceptibility  harshness  life-history theory  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differential susceptibility theory stipulates that individuals vary in their susceptibility to environmental effects, often implying that the same individuals differ in the same way in their susceptibility to different environmental exposures. The latter point is addressed herein by evaluating the extent to which early-life harshness and unpredictability affect mother's psychological well-being and parenting, as well as their adolescent's life-history strategy, as reflected in number of sexual partners by age 15 years, drawing on data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Results indicated that mothers whose well-being and parenting proved more susceptible to harshness also proved somewhat more susceptible to environmental unpredictability, with the same being true of adolescent sexual behavior. Nevertheless, findings caution against overgeneralizing sample-level findings to all individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942100095x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474

Harshness and unpredictability: Childhood environmental links with immune and asthma outcomes / Phoebe H. LAM in Development and Psychopathology, 34-2 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 587-596 Titre : Harshness and unpredictability: Childhood environmental links with immune and asthma outcomes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Phoebe H. LAM, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Lauren HOFFER, Auteur ; Rebekah SILIEZAR, Auteur ; Johanna DEZIL, Auteur ; Amanda MCDONALD, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 587-596 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : asthma  harshness  inflammation  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The environment has pervasive impacts on human development, and two key environmental conditions ? harshness and unpredictability ? are proposed to be instrumental in tuning development. This study examined (1) how harsh and unpredictable environments related to immune and clinical outcomes in the context of childhood asthma, and (2) whether there were independent associations of harshness and unpredictability with these outcomes. Participants were 290 youth physician-diagnosed with asthma. Harshness was assessed with youth-reported exposure to violence and neighborhood-level murder rate. Unpredictability was assessed with parent reports of family structural changes. Youth also completed measures of asthma control as well as asthma quality of life and provided blood samples to assess immune profiles, including in vitro cytokine responses to challenge and sensitivity to inhibitory signals from glucocorticoids. Results indicated that harshness was associated with more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine production following challenge and less sensitivity to the inhibitory properties of glucocorticoids. Furthermore, youth exposed to harsher environments reported less asthma control and poorer quality of life. All associations with harshness persisted when controlling for unpredictability. No associations between unpredictability and outcomes were found. These findings suggest that relative to unpredictability, harshness may be a more consistent correlate of asthma-relevant immune and clinical outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 [article] Harshness and unpredictability: Childhood environmental links with immune and asthma outcomes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Phoebe H. LAM, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Lauren HOFFER, Auteur ; Rebekah SILIEZAR, Auteur ; Johanna DEZIL, Auteur ; Amanda MCDONALD, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur . - 587-596. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 587-596 Mots-clés : asthma  harshness  inflammation  unpredictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The environment has pervasive impacts on human development, and two key environmental conditions ? harshness and unpredictability ? are proposed to be instrumental in tuning development. This study examined (1) how harsh and unpredictable environments related to immune and clinical outcomes in the context of childhood asthma, and (2) whether there were independent associations of harshness and unpredictability with these outcomes. Participants were 290 youth physician-diagnosed with asthma. Harshness was assessed with youth-reported exposure to violence and neighborhood-level murder rate. Unpredictability was assessed with parent reports of family structural changes. Youth also completed measures of asthma control as well as asthma quality of life and provided blood samples to assess immune profiles, including in vitro cytokine responses to challenge and sensitivity to inhibitory signals from glucocorticoids. Results indicated that harshness was associated with more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine production following challenge and less sensitivity to the inhibitory properties of glucocorticoids. Furthermore, youth exposed to harsher environments reported less asthma control and poorer quality of life. All associations with harshness persisted when controlling for unpredictability. No associations between unpredictability and outcomes were found. These findings suggest that relative to unpredictability, harshness may be a more consistent correlate of asthma-relevant immune and clinical outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001577 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474