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Representativeness of autistic samples in studies recruiting through social media / Eya-Mist RØDGAARD in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)
[article]
Titre : Representativeness of autistic samples in studies recruiting through social media Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eya-Mist RØDGAARD, Auteur ; Kristian JENSEN, Auteur ; Kamilla Woznica MISKOWIAK, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1447-1456 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology Autistic Disorder Humans Intellectual Disability/epidemiology Social Media Surveys and Questionnaires autism online recruitment sampling bias selection bias Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Survey-based research with recruitment through online channels is a convenient way to obtain large samples and has recently been increasingly used in autism research. However, sampling from online channels may be associated with a high risk of sampling bias causing findings not to be generalizable to the autism population. Here we examined autism studies that have sampled on social media for markers of sampling bias. Most samples showed one or more indicators of sampling bias, in the form of reversed sex ratio, higher employment rates, higher education level, lower fraction of individuals with intellectual disability, and later age of diagnosis than would be expected when comparing with for example population study results from published research. Findings from many of the included studies are therefore difficult to generalize to the broader autism population. Suggestions for how research strategies may be adapted to address some of the problems are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Online surveys offer a convenient way to recruit large numbers of participants for autism research. However, the resulting samples may not fully reflect the autism population. Here we investigated the samples of 36 autism studies that recruited participants online and found that the demographic composition tended to deviate from what has been reported about the autism population in previous research. The results may thus not be generalizable to autism in general. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2777 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483
in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1447-1456[article] Representativeness of autistic samples in studies recruiting through social media [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eya-Mist RØDGAARD, Auteur ; Kristian JENSEN, Auteur ; Kamilla Woznica MISKOWIAK, Auteur ; Laurent MOTTRON, Auteur . - p.1447-1456.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1447-1456
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology Autistic Disorder Humans Intellectual Disability/epidemiology Social Media Surveys and Questionnaires autism online recruitment sampling bias selection bias Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Survey-based research with recruitment through online channels is a convenient way to obtain large samples and has recently been increasingly used in autism research. However, sampling from online channels may be associated with a high risk of sampling bias causing findings not to be generalizable to the autism population. Here we examined autism studies that have sampled on social media for markers of sampling bias. Most samples showed one or more indicators of sampling bias, in the form of reversed sex ratio, higher employment rates, higher education level, lower fraction of individuals with intellectual disability, and later age of diagnosis than would be expected when comparing with for example population study results from published research. Findings from many of the included studies are therefore difficult to generalize to the broader autism population. Suggestions for how research strategies may be adapted to address some of the problems are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Online surveys offer a convenient way to recruit large numbers of participants for autism research. However, the resulting samples may not fully reflect the autism population. Here we investigated the samples of 36 autism studies that recruited participants online and found that the demographic composition tended to deviate from what has been reported about the autism population in previous research. The results may thus not be generalizable to autism in general. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2777 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 Research Review: Outcomes of 24- to 36-month-old children with autism spectrum disorder vary by ascertainment strategy: a systematic review and meta-analysis / M. MICHELETTI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-1 (January 2020)
[article]
Titre : Research Review: Outcomes of 24- to 36-month-old children with autism spectrum disorder vary by ascertainment strategy: a systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. MICHELETTI, Auteur ; C. MCCRACKEN, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; D. MANDELL, Auteur ; W. JONES, Auteur ; A. KLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4-17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder meta-analysis outcomes sampling bias surveillance systematic review toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite widespread recommendations for early surveillance of risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no research to date has shown that early surveillance leads to better clinical outcomes. Preliminary research has suggested that children with ASD ascertained via prospective follow-up have better outcomes than those ascertained via community referral. Because prospective studies include early surveillance, by comparing outcomes of children with ASD across ascertainment strategies, we may gain insight into the effects of early surveillance relative to its absence. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies reporting outcomes of 24- to 36-month-olds with ASD ascertained via prospective follow-up, community referral, or universal screening. A meta-analysis using a random effects model was used to calculate overall effect size estimates for developmental level and symptom severity across ascertainment cohorts. RESULTS: Eleven prospective, ten community referral, and eight universal screening studies were identified, reporting on 1,658 toddlers with ASD. We found no differences in outcomes between community referral and universal screening studies. Relative to both, prospective studies reported significantly higher developmental levels and lower symptom severities. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of young children with ASD ascertained via prospective follow-up are better than those of children with ASD recruited via community referral or universal screening. Although we discuss why sampling bias is not likely the driving force behind these findings, we cannot rule out the possibility that sampling bias contributes to the observed differences; future studies should probe the effects of sociodemographic variables on clinical outcomes as a function of ascertainment strategy. This limitation notwithstanding, our results raise the possibility that prospective follow-up may confer a 'surveillance effect' that contributes to improved developmental and diagnostic outcomes in children with ASD. Future research should test this hypothesis and determine the specific mechanism by which surveillance may improve outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13057 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-1 (January 2020) . - p.4-17[article] Research Review: Outcomes of 24- to 36-month-old children with autism spectrum disorder vary by ascertainment strategy: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. MICHELETTI, Auteur ; C. MCCRACKEN, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; D. MANDELL, Auteur ; W. JONES, Auteur ; A. KLIN, Auteur . - p.4-17.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-1 (January 2020) . - p.4-17
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder meta-analysis outcomes sampling bias surveillance systematic review toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite widespread recommendations for early surveillance of risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no research to date has shown that early surveillance leads to better clinical outcomes. Preliminary research has suggested that children with ASD ascertained via prospective follow-up have better outcomes than those ascertained via community referral. Because prospective studies include early surveillance, by comparing outcomes of children with ASD across ascertainment strategies, we may gain insight into the effects of early surveillance relative to its absence. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies reporting outcomes of 24- to 36-month-olds with ASD ascertained via prospective follow-up, community referral, or universal screening. A meta-analysis using a random effects model was used to calculate overall effect size estimates for developmental level and symptom severity across ascertainment cohorts. RESULTS: Eleven prospective, ten community referral, and eight universal screening studies were identified, reporting on 1,658 toddlers with ASD. We found no differences in outcomes between community referral and universal screening studies. Relative to both, prospective studies reported significantly higher developmental levels and lower symptom severities. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of young children with ASD ascertained via prospective follow-up are better than those of children with ASD recruited via community referral or universal screening. Although we discuss why sampling bias is not likely the driving force behind these findings, we cannot rule out the possibility that sampling bias contributes to the observed differences; future studies should probe the effects of sociodemographic variables on clinical outcomes as a function of ascertainment strategy. This limitation notwithstanding, our results raise the possibility that prospective follow-up may confer a 'surveillance effect' that contributes to improved developmental and diagnostic outcomes in children with ASD. Future research should test this hypothesis and determine the specific mechanism by which surveillance may improve outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13057 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413