Dépouillements

Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development – interconnected pathways to wellbeing / Catherine PANTER-BRICK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.333-336 Titre : Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development – interconnected pathways to wellbeing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine PANTER-BRICK, Auteur ; James F. LECKMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.333-336 Mots-clés : Resilience  neurobiology  social environment  care pathways  trauma  public policy  clinical outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Resilience offers the promise of a paradigm shift in many fields of research, clinical practice, and policy. A lens on resilience shifts the focus of attention – from concerted efforts to appraise risk or vulnerability, towards concerted efforts to enhance strength or capability. It also shifts the focus of analysis – from asking relatively limited questions regarding health outcomes, such as what are the linkages between risk exposures and functional deficits, to asking more complex questions regarding wellbeing, such as when, how, why and for whom do resources truly matter. Thus we might ask when interventions are most effective, within the time frame of human development and evolutionary life history; and how do we best measure pathways of human experience, to uncover ways in which individuals and communities withstand adversity. To many, resilience is an intuitive, albeit opaque, concept – akin to fortitude in the face of adversity. We may have an intuitive grasp of what resilience means, but fall short of measuring it comprehensively and meaningfully (the same is true of risk). This Annual Research Review issue features ten articles from leaders in the field on how resilience can transform the field of child development. Each articulates important lessons on resilience some of which we editors wish to summarize at the outset. First, resilience is best understood as a process that unfolds over the course of development; consequently, we seek to understand human experience of adversity as pathways of risk and resilience. Second, research on resilience focuses attention on the biological and social trade-offs in human experience: issues of timing, process, and context to understand change or adaptability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12057 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development – interconnected pathways to wellbeing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine PANTER-BRICK, Auteur ; James F. LECKMAN, Auteur . - p.333-336. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.333-336 Mots-clés : Resilience  neurobiology  social environment  care pathways  trauma  public policy  clinical outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Resilience offers the promise of a paradigm shift in many fields of research, clinical practice, and policy. A lens on resilience shifts the focus of attention – from concerted efforts to appraise risk or vulnerability, towards concerted efforts to enhance strength or capability. It also shifts the focus of analysis – from asking relatively limited questions regarding health outcomes, such as what are the linkages between risk exposures and functional deficits, to asking more complex questions regarding wellbeing, such as when, how, why and for whom do resources truly matter. Thus we might ask when interventions are most effective, within the time frame of human development and evolutionary life history; and how do we best measure pathways of human experience, to uncover ways in which individuals and communities withstand adversity. To many, resilience is an intuitive, albeit opaque, concept – akin to fortitude in the face of adversity. We may have an intuitive grasp of what resilience means, but fall short of measuring it comprehensively and meaningfully (the same is true of risk). This Annual Research Review issue features ten articles from leaders in the field on how resilience can transform the field of child development. Each articulates important lessons on resilience some of which we editors wish to summarize at the outset. First, resilience is best understood as a process that unfolds over the course of development; consequently, we seek to understand human experience of adversity as pathways of risk and resilience. Second, research on resilience focuses attention on the biological and social trade-offs in human experience: issues of timing, process, and context to understand change or adaptability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12057 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: The neurobiology and physiology of resilience and adaptation across the life course / Ilia N. KARATOREOS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.337-347 Titre : Annual Research Review: The neurobiology and physiology of resilience and adaptation across the life course Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ilia N. KARATOREOS, Auteur ; Bruce S. MCEWEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.337-347 Mots-clés : Allostasis  hormones  neurobiology  aging  brain development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adaptation is key to survival. An organism must adapt to environmental challenges in order to be able to thrive in the environment in which they find themselves. Resilience can be thought of as a measure of the ability of an organism to adapt, and to withstand challenges to its stability. In higher animals, the brain is a key player in this process of adaptation and resilience, and through a process known as “allostasis” can obtain “stability through change”; protecting homeostasis in the face of stressors in the environment. Mediators of allostasis, such as glucocorticoids, can cause changes in the structure and function of neural circuits, clearly impacting behavior. How developmental stage interacts with stress and leads to long-lasting changes is a key question addressed in this review. Scope and Methods We discuss the concept of allostasis, its role in resilience, the neural and physiological systems mediating these responses, the modulatory role of development, and the consequences for adult functioning. We present this in the context of mediators the brain and body engage to protect against threats to homeostasis. The review has been informed by comprehensive searches on PubMed and Scopus through November 2012. Findings Stressors in the environment can have long lasting effects on development, depending upon the stage of life at which they are experienced. As such, adverse childhood experiences can alter resilience of individuals, making it more difficult for them to respond normally to adverse situations in adulthood, but the brain maintains the capacity to re-enter a more plastic state where such effects can be mitigated. Conclusions The brain regulates responses that allow for adaptation to challenges in the environment. The capacity of the brain and body to withstand challenges to stability can be considered as “resilience”. While adverse childhood experiences can have long-term negative consequences, under the right circumstances, the brain can re-enter plastic states, and negative outcomes may be mitigated, even later in life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12054 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: The neurobiology and physiology of resilience and adaptation across the life course [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ilia N. KARATOREOS, Auteur ; Bruce S. MCEWEN, Auteur . - p.337-347. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.337-347 Mots-clés : Allostasis  hormones  neurobiology  aging  brain development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adaptation is key to survival. An organism must adapt to environmental challenges in order to be able to thrive in the environment in which they find themselves. Resilience can be thought of as a measure of the ability of an organism to adapt, and to withstand challenges to its stability. In higher animals, the brain is a key player in this process of adaptation and resilience, and through a process known as “allostasis” can obtain “stability through change”; protecting homeostasis in the face of stressors in the environment. Mediators of allostasis, such as glucocorticoids, can cause changes in the structure and function of neural circuits, clearly impacting behavior. How developmental stage interacts with stress and leads to long-lasting changes is a key question addressed in this review. Scope and Methods We discuss the concept of allostasis, its role in resilience, the neural and physiological systems mediating these responses, the modulatory role of development, and the consequences for adult functioning. We present this in the context of mediators the brain and body engage to protect against threats to homeostasis. The review has been informed by comprehensive searches on PubMed and Scopus through November 2012. Findings Stressors in the environment can have long lasting effects on development, depending upon the stage of life at which they are experienced. As such, adverse childhood experiences can alter resilience of individuals, making it more difficult for them to respond normally to adverse situations in adulthood, but the brain maintains the capacity to re-enter a more plastic state where such effects can be mitigated. Conclusions The brain regulates responses that allow for adaptation to challenges in the environment. The capacity of the brain and body to withstand challenges to stability can be considered as “resilience”. While adverse childhood experiences can have long-term negative consequences, under the right circumstances, the brain can re-enter plastic states, and negative outcomes may be mitigated, even later in life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12054 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? / Michael UNGAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.348-366 Titre : Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael UNGAR, Auteur ; Mehdi GHAZINOUR, Auteur ; Jörg RICHTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.348-366 Mots-clés : Resilience  social ecology  human ecology  multisystemic  positive development  stress  adversity  risk  equifinality  differential impact  culture  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The development of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-social-ecological systems model of human development parallels advances made to the theory of resilience that progressively moved from a more individual (micro) focus on traits to a multisystemic understanding of person–environment reciprocal processes. Methods: This review uses Bronfenbrenner’s model and Ungar’s social-ecological interpretation of four decades of research on resilience to discuss the results of a purposeful selection of studies of resilience that have been done in different contexts and cultures. Results: An ecological model of resilience can, and indeed has been shown to help researchers of resilience to conceptualize the child’s social and physical ecologies, from caregivers to neighbourhoods, that account for both proximal and distal factors that predict successful development under adversity. Three principles emerged from this review that inform a bio-social-ecological interpretation of resilience: equifinality (there are many proximal processes that can lead to many different, but equally viable, expressions of human development associated with well-being); differential impact (the nature of the risks children face, their perceptions of the resources available to mitigate those risks and the quality of the resources that are accessible make proximal processes more or less influential to children’s development); and contextual and cultural moderation (different contexts and cultures provide access to different processes associated with resilience as it is defined locally). Conclusion: As this review shows, using this multisystemic social-ecological theory of resilience can inform a deeper understanding of the processes that contribute to positive development under stress. It can also offer practitioners and policy makers a broader perspective on principles for the design and implementation of effective interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael UNGAR, Auteur ; Mehdi GHAZINOUR, Auteur ; Jörg RICHTER, Auteur . - p.348-366. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.348-366 Mots-clés : Resilience  social ecology  human ecology  multisystemic  positive development  stress  adversity  risk  equifinality  differential impact  culture  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The development of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-social-ecological systems model of human development parallels advances made to the theory of resilience that progressively moved from a more individual (micro) focus on traits to a multisystemic understanding of person–environment reciprocal processes. Methods: This review uses Bronfenbrenner’s model and Ungar’s social-ecological interpretation of four decades of research on resilience to discuss the results of a purposeful selection of studies of resilience that have been done in different contexts and cultures. Results: An ecological model of resilience can, and indeed has been shown to help researchers of resilience to conceptualize the child’s social and physical ecologies, from caregivers to neighbourhoods, that account for both proximal and distal factors that predict successful development under adversity. Three principles emerged from this review that inform a bio-social-ecological interpretation of resilience: equifinality (there are many proximal processes that can lead to many different, but equally viable, expressions of human development associated with well-being); differential impact (the nature of the risks children face, their perceptions of the resources available to mitigate those risks and the quality of the resources that are accessible make proximal processes more or less influential to children’s development); and contextual and cultural moderation (different contexts and cultures provide access to different processes associated with resilience as it is defined locally). Conclusion: As this review shows, using this multisystemic social-ecological theory of resilience can inform a deeper understanding of the processes that contribute to positive development under stress. It can also offer practitioners and policy makers a broader perspective on principles for the design and implementation of effective interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: Improved nutrition – a pathway to resilience / Aisha K. YOUSAFZAI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.367-377 Titre : Annual Research Review: Improved nutrition – a pathway to resilience Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aisha K. YOUSAFZAI, Auteur ; Muneera A. RASHEED, Auteur ; Zulfiqar A. BHUTTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.367-377 Mots-clés : Maternal and child nutrition deficiencies  responsive feeding  psychosocial stimulation  resilience  low- and middle-income countries Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Early child nutritional deficiencies are prevalent in low- and middle-countries with consequences linked not only to poor survival and growth, but also to poor development outcomes. Children in disadvantaged communities face multiple risks for nutritional deficiencies, yet some children may be less susceptible or may recover more quickly from malnutrition. A greater understanding is needed about factors which moderate the effects of nutrition-related risks and foster resilience to protect against or ameliorate poor development outcomes. Methods: A literature review was undertaken from August to December 2011 and updated in August 2012. Key word searches using terms Nutrition, Malnutrition, Child Development, Responsive Care, Stimulation, Low and Middle Income Countries and Resilience were undertaken using PubMed and Psychinfo. Results: Dietary adequacy is critical for growth and development, but current evidence indicates that nutrition supplementation alone is insufficient to foster resilience to protect against, mitigate, and recover from nutritional threats and to promote healthy development. The combination of nutrition interventions with stimulation and responsive care is necessary. Combined nutrition and psychosocial stimulation approaches can potentially work effectively together to promote protective factors and mitigate risks for poor cognitive, motor, social, and affective functioning helping children to adapt in times of adversity. However, there are gaps in our existing knowledge to combine nutrition and psychosocial stimulation interventions effectively and promote these interventions at scale. Conclusions: Research needs to address barriers at the level of family, community, programme, and policy which have prevented thus far the uptake of combined nutrition and psychosocial intervention strategies. Further investigations are needed on how to provide support to caregivers, enabling them to implement appropriate care for feeding and stimulation. Finally, the effect of combined interventions on pathways of care and protective mediators that foster resilience need to be better understood to determine focus areas for content of combined intervention curricula which help families in high-risk settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12019 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: Improved nutrition – a pathway to resilience [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aisha K. YOUSAFZAI, Auteur ; Muneera A. RASHEED, Auteur ; Zulfiqar A. BHUTTA, Auteur . - p.367-377. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.367-377 Mots-clés : Maternal and child nutrition deficiencies  responsive feeding  psychosocial stimulation  resilience  low- and middle-income countries Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Early child nutritional deficiencies are prevalent in low- and middle-countries with consequences linked not only to poor survival and growth, but also to poor development outcomes. Children in disadvantaged communities face multiple risks for nutritional deficiencies, yet some children may be less susceptible or may recover more quickly from malnutrition. A greater understanding is needed about factors which moderate the effects of nutrition-related risks and foster resilience to protect against or ameliorate poor development outcomes. Methods: A literature review was undertaken from August to December 2011 and updated in August 2012. Key word searches using terms Nutrition, Malnutrition, Child Development, Responsive Care, Stimulation, Low and Middle Income Countries and Resilience were undertaken using PubMed and Psychinfo. Results: Dietary adequacy is critical for growth and development, but current evidence indicates that nutrition supplementation alone is insufficient to foster resilience to protect against, mitigate, and recover from nutritional threats and to promote healthy development. The combination of nutrition interventions with stimulation and responsive care is necessary. Combined nutrition and psychosocial stimulation approaches can potentially work effectively together to promote protective factors and mitigate risks for poor cognitive, motor, social, and affective functioning helping children to adapt in times of adversity. However, there are gaps in our existing knowledge to combine nutrition and psychosocial stimulation interventions effectively and promote these interventions at scale. Conclusions: Research needs to address barriers at the level of family, community, programme, and policy which have prevented thus far the uptake of combined nutrition and psychosocial intervention strategies. Further investigations are needed on how to provide support to caregivers, enabling them to implement appropriate care for feeding and stimulation. Finally, the effect of combined interventions on pathways of care and protective mediators that foster resilience need to be better understood to determine focus areas for content of combined intervention curricula which help families in high-risk settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12019 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: Positive adjustment to adversity – trajectories of minimal–impact resilience and emergent resilience / George A. BONANNO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.378-401 Titre : Annual Research Review: Positive adjustment to adversity – trajectories of minimal–impact resilience and emergent resilience Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : George A. BONANNO, Auteur ; Erica D. DIMINICH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.378-401 Mots-clés : Emergent resilience  minimal-impact resilience  traumatic events  latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Research on resilience in the aftermath of potentially traumatic life events (PTE) is still evolving. For decades, researchers have documented resilience in children exposed to corrosive early environments, such as poverty or chronic maltreatment. Relatively more recently, the study of resilience has migrated to the investigation of isolated PTE in adults. Methods: In this article, we first consider some of the key differences in the conceptualization of resilience following chronic adversity versus resilience following single-incident traumas, and then describe some of the misunderstandings that have developed about these constructs. To organize our discussion, we introduce the terms emergent resilience and minimal-impact resilience to represent trajectories of positive adjustment in these two domains, respectively. Results: We focused in particular on minimal-impact resilience, and reviewed recent advances in statistical modeling of latent trajectories that have informed the most recent research on minimal-impact resilience in both children and adults and the variables that predict it, including demographic variables, exposure, past and current stressors, resources, personality, positive emotion, coping and appraisal, and flexibility in coping and emotion regulation. Conclusions: The research on minimal-impact resilience is nascent. Further research is warranted with implications for a multiple levels of analysis approach to elucidate the processes that may mitigate or modify the impact of a PTE at different developmental stages. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12021 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: Positive adjustment to adversity – trajectories of minimal–impact resilience and emergent resilience [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / George A. BONANNO, Auteur ; Erica D. DIMINICH, Auteur . - p.378-401. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.378-401 Mots-clés : Emergent resilience  minimal-impact resilience  traumatic events  latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Research on resilience in the aftermath of potentially traumatic life events (PTE) is still evolving. For decades, researchers have documented resilience in children exposed to corrosive early environments, such as poverty or chronic maltreatment. Relatively more recently, the study of resilience has migrated to the investigation of isolated PTE in adults. Methods: In this article, we first consider some of the key differences in the conceptualization of resilience following chronic adversity versus resilience following single-incident traumas, and then describe some of the misunderstandings that have developed about these constructs. To organize our discussion, we introduce the terms emergent resilience and minimal-impact resilience to represent trajectories of positive adjustment in these two domains, respectively. Results: We focused in particular on minimal-impact resilience, and reviewed recent advances in statistical modeling of latent trajectories that have informed the most recent research on minimal-impact resilience in both children and adults and the variables that predict it, including demographic variables, exposure, past and current stressors, resources, personality, positive emotion, coping and appraisal, and flexibility in coping and emotion regulation. Conclusions: The research on minimal-impact resilience is nascent. Further research is warranted with implications for a multiple levels of analysis approach to elucidate the processes that may mitigate or modify the impact of a PTE at different developmental stages. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12021 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: Resilient functioning in maltreated children – past, present, and future perspectives / Dante CICCHETTI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.402-422 Titre : Annual Research Review: Resilient functioning in maltreated children – past, present, and future perspectives Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.402-422 Mots-clés : Child maltreatment  resilient functioning  multiple-levels-of-analysis  neural plasticity  preventive intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Through a process of probabilistic epigenesis, child maltreatment progressively contributes to compromised adaptation on a variety of developmental domains central to successful adjustment. These developmental failures pose significant risk for the emergence of psychopathology across the life course. In addition to the psychological consequences of maltreatment, a growing body of research has documented the deleterious effects of abuse and neglect on biological processes. Nonetheless, not all maltreated children develop maladaptively. Indeed, some percentage of maltreated children develops in a resilient fashion despite the significant adversity and stress they experience. Methods: The literature on the determinants of resilience in maltreated children is selectively reviewed and criteria for the inclusion of the studies are delineated. Results: The majority of the research on the contributors to resilient functioning has focused on a single level of analysis and on psychosocial processes. Multilevel investigations have begun to appear, resulting in several studies on the processes to resilient functioning that integrate biological/genetic and psychological domains. Conclusions: Much additional research on the determinants of resilient functioning must be completed before we possess adequate knowledge based on a multiple levels of analysis approach that is commensurate with the complexity inherent in this dynamic developmental process. Suggestions for future research on the development of resilient functioning in maltreated children are proffered and intervention implications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: Resilient functioning in maltreated children – past, present, and future perspectives [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur . - p.402-422. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.402-422 Mots-clés : Child maltreatment  resilient functioning  multiple-levels-of-analysis  neural plasticity  preventive intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Through a process of probabilistic epigenesis, child maltreatment progressively contributes to compromised adaptation on a variety of developmental domains central to successful adjustment. These developmental failures pose significant risk for the emergence of psychopathology across the life course. In addition to the psychological consequences of maltreatment, a growing body of research has documented the deleterious effects of abuse and neglect on biological processes. Nonetheless, not all maltreated children develop maladaptively. Indeed, some percentage of maltreated children develops in a resilient fashion despite the significant adversity and stress they experience. Methods: The literature on the determinants of resilience in maltreated children is selectively reviewed and criteria for the inclusion of the studies are delineated. Results: The majority of the research on the contributors to resilient functioning has focused on a single level of analysis and on psychosocial processes. Multilevel investigations have begun to appear, resulting in several studies on the processes to resilient functioning that integrate biological/genetic and psychological domains. Conclusions: Much additional research on the determinants of resilient functioning must be completed before we possess adequate knowledge based on a multiple levels of analysis approach that is commensurate with the complexity inherent in this dynamic developmental process. Suggestions for future research on the development of resilient functioning in maltreated children are proffered and intervention implications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: Mental health and resilience in HIV/AIDS-affected children – a review of the literature and recommendations for future research / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.423-444 Titre : Annual Research Review: Mental health and resilience in HIV/AIDS-affected children – a review of the literature and recommendations for future research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Sarah E. MEYERS-OHKI, Auteur ; Alexandra CHARROW, Auteur ; Nathan HANSEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.423-444 Mots-clés : HIV/AIDS  children  families  resilience  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: To date, research on mental health in HIV- affected children (children who have an HIV-positive caregiver or live with the virus themselves) has focused on risk factors associated with the disease. However, simultaneous identification of factors that contribute to resilience in the face of risks is also needed. A greater understanding of modifiable protective processes that contribute to resilience in the mental health of children affected by HIV can inform the design of interventions that bolster naturally occurring supports and contribute to early prevention or better management of risks. Methods: We reviewed the recent literature on mental health and resilience in children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS. Literature searches of PsycInfo and PubMed were conducted during July–December 2011 consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included for review if primary research questions pertained to mental health and coping or protective processes in children and families affected by HIV/AIDS. All studies subject to full review were evaluated for quality using a modified Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR) rating system. Results: One hundred and seventy one unique studies were returned from online searches of the literature and bibliography mining. Of these, 29 were evaluated as pertaining directly to mental health and resilience in families and children living with HIV/AIDS. Eight studies presented qualitative analyses. Ten quantitative studies examined individual resources contributing to child resilience and four quantitative studies looked at family-level resources. Ten studies also investigated community level interactions. Four presented findings from resilience-focused interventions. Conclusions: There is a clear need for rigorous research on mental health and resilience in HIV-affected children and adolescents. The evidence base would greatly benefit from more standardized and robust approaches to thinking about resilience from an ecological perspective inclusive of resources at multiple levels and their interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02613.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: Mental health and resilience in HIV/AIDS-affected children – a review of the literature and recommendations for future research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Sarah E. MEYERS-OHKI, Auteur ; Alexandra CHARROW, Auteur ; Nathan HANSEN, Auteur . - p.423-444. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.423-444 Mots-clés : HIV/AIDS  children  families  resilience  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: To date, research on mental health in HIV- affected children (children who have an HIV-positive caregiver or live with the virus themselves) has focused on risk factors associated with the disease. However, simultaneous identification of factors that contribute to resilience in the face of risks is also needed. A greater understanding of modifiable protective processes that contribute to resilience in the mental health of children affected by HIV can inform the design of interventions that bolster naturally occurring supports and contribute to early prevention or better management of risks. Methods: We reviewed the recent literature on mental health and resilience in children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS. Literature searches of PsycInfo and PubMed were conducted during July–December 2011 consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included for review if primary research questions pertained to mental health and coping or protective processes in children and families affected by HIV/AIDS. All studies subject to full review were evaluated for quality using a modified Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR) rating system. Results: One hundred and seventy one unique studies were returned from online searches of the literature and bibliography mining. Of these, 29 were evaluated as pertaining directly to mental health and resilience in families and children living with HIV/AIDS. Eight studies presented qualitative analyses. Ten quantitative studies examined individual resources contributing to child resilience and four quantitative studies looked at family-level resources. Ten studies also investigated community level interactions. Four presented findings from resilience-focused interventions. Conclusions: There is a clear need for rigorous research on mental health and resilience in HIV-affected children and adolescents. The evidence base would greatly benefit from more standardized and robust approaches to thinking about resilience from an ecological perspective inclusive of resources at multiple levels and their interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02613.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict – a systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries / Wietse A. TOL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.445-460 Titre : Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict – a systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wietse A. TOL, Auteur ; Suzan SONG, Auteur ; Mark J. D. JORDANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.445-460 Mots-clés : Armed conflict  war  resilience  psychological resilience  developing countries Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Researchers focused on mental health of conflict-affected children are increasingly interested in the concept of resilience. Knowledge on resilience may assist in developing interventions aimed at improving positive outcomes or reducing negative outcomes, termed promotive or protective interventions. Methods We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative studies focused on resilience and mental health in children and adolescents affected by armed conflict in low- and middle-income countries. Results Altogether 53 studies were identified: 15 qualitative and mixed methods studies and 38 quantitative, mostly cross-sectional studies focused on school-aged children and adolescents. Qualitative studies identified variation across socio-cultural settings of relevant resilience outcomes, and report contextually unique processes contributing to such outcomes. Quantitative studies focused on promotive and protective factors at different socio-ecological levels (individual, family-, peer-, school-, and community-levels). Generally, promotive and protective factors showed gender-, symptom-, and phase of conflict-specific effects on mental health outcomes. Conclusions Although limited by its predominantly cross-sectional nature and focus on protective outcomes, this body of knowledge supports a perspective of resilience as a complex dynamic process driven by time- and context-dependent variables, rather than the balance between risk- and protective factors with known impacts on mental health. Given the complexity of findings in this population, we conclude that resilience-focused interventions will need to be highly tailored to specific contexts, rather than the application of a universal model that may be expected to have similar effects on mental health across contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict – a systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wietse A. TOL, Auteur ; Suzan SONG, Auteur ; Mark J. D. JORDANS, Auteur . - p.445-460. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.445-460 Mots-clés : Armed conflict  war  resilience  psychological resilience  developing countries Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Researchers focused on mental health of conflict-affected children are increasingly interested in the concept of resilience. Knowledge on resilience may assist in developing interventions aimed at improving positive outcomes or reducing negative outcomes, termed promotive or protective interventions. Methods We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative studies focused on resilience and mental health in children and adolescents affected by armed conflict in low- and middle-income countries. Results Altogether 53 studies were identified: 15 qualitative and mixed methods studies and 38 quantitative, mostly cross-sectional studies focused on school-aged children and adolescents. Qualitative studies identified variation across socio-cultural settings of relevant resilience outcomes, and report contextually unique processes contributing to such outcomes. Quantitative studies focused on promotive and protective factors at different socio-ecological levels (individual, family-, peer-, school-, and community-levels). Generally, promotive and protective factors showed gender-, symptom-, and phase of conflict-specific effects on mental health outcomes. Conclusions Although limited by its predominantly cross-sectional nature and focus on protective outcomes, this body of knowledge supports a perspective of resilience as a complex dynamic process driven by time- and context-dependent variables, rather than the balance between risk- and protective factors with known impacts on mental health. Given the complexity of findings in this population, we conclude that resilience-focused interventions will need to be highly tailored to specific contexts, rather than the application of a universal model that may be expected to have similar effects on mental health across contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: The experience of youth with political conflict – challenging notions of resilience and encouraging research refinement / Brian K. BARBER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.461-473 Titre : Annual Research Review: The experience of youth with political conflict – challenging notions of resilience and encouraging research refinement Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brian K. BARBER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.461-473 Mots-clés : Youth  political conflict  war  competence  resilience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aims and method Drawing on empirical studies and literature reviews, this paper aims to clarify and qualify the relevance of resilience to youth experiencing political conflict. It focuses on the discordance between expectations of widespread dysfunction among conflict-affected youth and a body of empirical evidence that does not confirm these expectations. Findings The expectation for widespread dysfunction appears exaggerated, relying as it does on low correlations and on presumptions of universal response to adversity. Such a position ignores cultural differences in understanding and responding to adversity, and in the specific case of political conflict, it does not account for the critical role of ideologies and meaning systems that underlie the political conflict and shape a young people's interpretation of the conflict, and their exposure, participation, and processing of experiences. With respect to empirical evidence, the findings must be viewed as tentative given the primitive nature of research designs: namely, concentration on violence exposure as the primary risk factor, at the expense of recognizing war's impact on the broader ecology of youth's lives, including disruptions to key economic, social, and political resources; priority given to psychopathology in the assessment of youth functioning, rather than holistic assessments that would include social and institutional functioning and fit with cultural and normative expectations and transitions; and heavy reliance on cross-sectional, rather than longitudinal, studies. Conclusions Researchers and practitioners interested in employing resilience as a guiding construct will face such questions: Is resilience predicated on evidence of competent functioning across the breadth of risks associated with political conflict, across most or all domains of functioning, and/or across time? In reality, youth resilience amidst political conflict is likely a complex package of better and poorer functioning that varies over time and in direct relationship to social, economic, and political opportunities. Addressing this complexity will complicate the definition of resilience, but it confronts the ambiguities and limitations of work in cross-cultural contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12056 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: The experience of youth with political conflict – challenging notions of resilience and encouraging research refinement [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brian K. BARBER, Auteur . - p.461-473. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.461-473 Mots-clés : Youth  political conflict  war  competence  resilience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aims and method Drawing on empirical studies and literature reviews, this paper aims to clarify and qualify the relevance of resilience to youth experiencing political conflict. It focuses on the discordance between expectations of widespread dysfunction among conflict-affected youth and a body of empirical evidence that does not confirm these expectations. Findings The expectation for widespread dysfunction appears exaggerated, relying as it does on low correlations and on presumptions of universal response to adversity. Such a position ignores cultural differences in understanding and responding to adversity, and in the specific case of political conflict, it does not account for the critical role of ideologies and meaning systems that underlie the political conflict and shape a young people's interpretation of the conflict, and their exposure, participation, and processing of experiences. With respect to empirical evidence, the findings must be viewed as tentative given the primitive nature of research designs: namely, concentration on violence exposure as the primary risk factor, at the expense of recognizing war's impact on the broader ecology of youth's lives, including disruptions to key economic, social, and political resources; priority given to psychopathology in the assessment of youth functioning, rather than holistic assessments that would include social and institutional functioning and fit with cultural and normative expectations and transitions; and heavy reliance on cross-sectional, rather than longitudinal, studies. Conclusions Researchers and practitioners interested in employing resilience as a guiding construct will face such questions: Is resilience predicated on evidence of competent functioning across the breadth of risks associated with political conflict, across most or all domains of functioning, and/or across time? In reality, youth resilience amidst political conflict is likely a complex package of better and poorer functioning that varies over time and in direct relationship to social, economic, and political opportunities. Addressing this complexity will complicate the definition of resilience, but it confronts the ambiguities and limitations of work in cross-cultural contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12056 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: Resilience – clinical implications / Michael RUTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.474-487 Titre : Annual Research Review: Resilience – clinical implications Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael RUTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.474-487 Mots-clés : Stress inoculation  planning  school experiences  self-control  self-reflection  turning points  gene-environment interactions  social relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: It is a universal finding that there is huge heterogeneity in people’s responses to all kinds of stress and adversity. Resilience is an interactive phenomenon that is inferred from findings indicating that some individuals have a relatively good outcome despite having experienced serious adversities. Methods: Resilience can only be inferred if there has been testing of environmental mediation of risks and quantification of the degree of risk. The use of ‘natural experiments’ to test environmental mediation is briefly discussed. The literature is then reviewed on features associated with resilience in terms of (a) those that are neutral or risky in the absence of the risk experience (such as adoption); (b) brief exposure to risks and inoculation effects; (c) mental features (such as planning, self-regulation or a sense of personal agency); (d) features that foster those mental features; (e) turning point effects; (f) gene-environment interactions; (g) social relationships and promotive effects; and (h) the biology of resilience. Results: Clinical implications are considered with respect to (a) conceptual implications; (b) prevention; and (c) treatment. Conclusion: Resilience findings do not translate into a clear programme of prevention and treatment, but they do provide numerous leads that focus on the dynamic view of what may be involved in overcoming seriously adverse experiences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02615.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: Resilience – clinical implications [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael RUTTER, Auteur . - p.474-487. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.474-487 Mots-clés : Stress inoculation  planning  school experiences  self-control  self-reflection  turning points  gene-environment interactions  social relationships Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: It is a universal finding that there is huge heterogeneity in people’s responses to all kinds of stress and adversity. Resilience is an interactive phenomenon that is inferred from findings indicating that some individuals have a relatively good outcome despite having experienced serious adversities. Methods: Resilience can only be inferred if there has been testing of environmental mediation of risks and quantification of the degree of risk. The use of ‘natural experiments’ to test environmental mediation is briefly discussed. The literature is then reviewed on features associated with resilience in terms of (a) those that are neutral or risky in the absence of the risk experience (such as adoption); (b) brief exposure to risks and inoculation effects; (c) mental features (such as planning, self-regulation or a sense of personal agency); (d) features that foster those mental features; (e) turning point effects; (f) gene-environment interactions; (g) social relationships and promotive effects; and (h) the biology of resilience. Results: Clinical implications are considered with respect to (a) conceptual implications; (b) prevention; and (c) treatment. Conclusion: Resilience findings do not translate into a clear programme of prevention and treatment, but they do provide numerous leads that focus on the dynamic view of what may be involved in overcoming seriously adverse experiences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02615.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194

Annual Research Review: Resilience and child well-being – public policy implications / Alastair AGER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.488-500 Titre : Annual Research Review: Resilience and child well-being – public policy implications Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alastair AGER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.488-500 Mots-clés : Resilience  recommendations  policy  (complex adaptive) systems  knowledge transfer Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There has been an 8-fold increase in use of the term resilience within scientific and scholar literature over the last twenty years. The arena of public policy has also seen increasing use made of the concept, both with respect to child well-being and development and wider issues. Method: A focal sample of literature comprising 108 papers addressing public policy implications of work on child resilience was identified by a structured bibliographic search. Results: This literature suggests that current work: is characterized by a breadth of sectoral engagement across the fields of education, social work, and health; demonstrates diversity with regard to the systemic levels – individual (biological and psychological), communal (including systems of faith and cultural identity), institutional and societal – with which it engages; but is based more upon conceptual rather than empirical analysis. Major themes of policy recommendation target strengthened family dynamics, increased capacity for counseling and mental health services, supportive school environments, development of community programs, promotion of socioeconomic improvement and adoption of a more comprehensive conception of resilience. Evaluations of resiliency-informed policy initiatives are limited in number, with greatest rigor in design associated with more discrete programmatic interventions. Conclusion: A number of strategies to strengthen research-policy linkages are identified. These include greater commitment to operationalize indicators of resilience at all levels of analysis; more coherent engagement with the policy making process through explicit knowledge translation initiatives; and developing complex adaptive systems models amenable to exploring policy scenarios. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12030 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 [article] Annual Research Review: Resilience and child well-being – public policy implications [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alastair AGER, Auteur . - p.488-500. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.488-500 Mots-clés : Resilience  recommendations  policy  (complex adaptive) systems  knowledge transfer Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There has been an 8-fold increase in use of the term resilience within scientific and scholar literature over the last twenty years. The arena of public policy has also seen increasing use made of the concept, both with respect to child well-being and development and wider issues. Method: A focal sample of literature comprising 108 papers addressing public policy implications of work on child resilience was identified by a structured bibliographic search. Results: This literature suggests that current work: is characterized by a breadth of sectoral engagement across the fields of education, social work, and health; demonstrates diversity with regard to the systemic levels – individual (biological and psychological), communal (including systems of faith and cultural identity), institutional and societal – with which it engages; but is based more upon conceptual rather than empirical analysis. Major themes of policy recommendation target strengthened family dynamics, increased capacity for counseling and mental health services, supportive school environments, development of community programs, promotion of socioeconomic improvement and adoption of a more comprehensive conception of resilience. Evaluations of resiliency-informed policy initiatives are limited in number, with greatest rigor in design associated with more discrete programmatic interventions. Conclusion: A number of strategies to strengthen research-policy linkages are identified. These include greater commitment to operationalize indicators of resilience at all levels of analysis; more coherent engagement with the policy making process through explicit knowledge translation initiatives; and developing complex adaptive systems models amenable to exploring policy scenarios. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12030 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194