Dépouillements

Knockout of NMDA Receptors in Parvalbumin Interneurons Recreates Autism-Like Phenotypes / John A. SAUNDERS in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.69-77 Titre : Knockout of NMDA Receptors in Parvalbumin Interneurons Recreates Autism-Like Phenotypes Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : John A. SAUNDERS, Auteur ; Valerie M. TATARD-LEITMAN, Auteur ; Jimmy SUH, Auteur ; Eddie N. BILLINGSLEA, Auteur ; Timothy P.L. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Steven J. SIEGEL, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.69-77 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  electrophysiology  endophenotype  animal models  NMDA receptor 1 knockout Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a disabling neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits, language impairment, and repetitive behaviors with few effective treatments. New evidence suggests that autism has reliable electrophysiological endophenotypes and that these measures may be caused by n-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) disruption on parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons. These findings could be used to create new translational biomarkers. Recent developments have allowed for cell-type selective knockout of NMDARs in order to examine the perturbations caused by disrupting specific circuits. This study examines several electrophysiological and behavioral measures disrupted in autism using a PV-selective reduction in NMDA R1 subunit. Mouse electroencephalograph (EEG) was recorded in response to auditory stimuli. Event-related potential (ERP) component amplitude and latency analysis, social testing, and premating ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) recordings were performed. Correlations were examined between the ERP latency and behavioral measures. The N1 ERP latency was delayed, sociability was reduced, and mating USVs were impaired in PV-selective NMDA Receptor 1 Knockout (NR1 KO) as compared with wild-type mice. There was a significant correlation between N1 latency and sociability but not between N1 latency and premating USV power or T-maze performance. The increases in N1 latency, impaired sociability, and reduced vocalizations in PV-selective NR1 KO mice mimic similar changes found in autism. Electrophysiological changes correlate to reduced sociability, indicating that the local circuit mechanisms controlling N1 latency may be utilized in social function. Therefore, we propose that behavioral and electrophysiological alterations in PV-selective NR1 KO mice may serve as a useful model for therapeutic development in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1264 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Knockout of NMDA Receptors in Parvalbumin Interneurons Recreates Autism-Like Phenotypes [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / John A. SAUNDERS, Auteur ; Valerie M. TATARD-LEITMAN, Auteur ; Jimmy SUH, Auteur ; Eddie N. BILLINGSLEA, Auteur ; Timothy P.L. ROBERTS, Auteur ; Steven J. SIEGEL, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.69-77. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.69-77 Mots-clés : autism  electrophysiology  endophenotype  animal models  NMDA receptor 1 knockout Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a disabling neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits, language impairment, and repetitive behaviors with few effective treatments. New evidence suggests that autism has reliable electrophysiological endophenotypes and that these measures may be caused by n-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) disruption on parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons. These findings could be used to create new translational biomarkers. Recent developments have allowed for cell-type selective knockout of NMDARs in order to examine the perturbations caused by disrupting specific circuits. This study examines several electrophysiological and behavioral measures disrupted in autism using a PV-selective reduction in NMDA R1 subunit. Mouse electroencephalograph (EEG) was recorded in response to auditory stimuli. Event-related potential (ERP) component amplitude and latency analysis, social testing, and premating ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) recordings were performed. Correlations were examined between the ERP latency and behavioral measures. The N1 ERP latency was delayed, sociability was reduced, and mating USVs were impaired in PV-selective NMDA Receptor 1 Knockout (NR1 KO) as compared with wild-type mice. There was a significant correlation between N1 latency and sociability but not between N1 latency and premating USV power or T-maze performance. The increases in N1 latency, impaired sociability, and reduced vocalizations in PV-selective NR1 KO mice mimic similar changes found in autism. Electrophysiological changes correlate to reduced sociability, indicating that the local circuit mechanisms controlling N1 latency may be utilized in social function. Therefore, we propose that behavioral and electrophysiological alterations in PV-selective NR1 KO mice may serve as a useful model for therapeutic development in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1264 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Longitudinal Heschl's Gyrus Growth During Childhood and Adolescence in Typical Development and Autism / Molly B. D. PRIGGE in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.78-90 Titre : Longitudinal Heschl's Gyrus Growth During Childhood and Adolescence in Typical Development and Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Molly B. D. PRIGGE, Auteur ; Erin D. BIGLER, Auteur ; P. Thomas FLETCHER, Auteur ; Brandon A. ZIELINSKI, Auteur ; Caitlin RAVICHANDRAN, Auteur ; Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Alyson L. FROEHLICH, Auteur ; Tracy J. ABILDSKOV, Auteur ; Evangelia PAPADOPOLOUS, Auteur ; Kathryn MAASBERG, Auteur ; Jared A. NIELSEN, Auteur ; Andrew A. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Nicholas LANGE, Auteur ; Janet E. LAINHART, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.78-90 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Heschl's gyrus  longitudinal development  MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Heightened auditory sensitivity and atypical auditory processing are common in autism. Functional studies suggest abnormal neural response and hemispheric activation to auditory stimuli, yet the neurodevelopment underlying atypical auditory function in autism is unknown. In this study, we model longitudinal volumetric growth of Heschl's gyrus gray matter and white matter during childhood and adolescence in 40 individuals with autism and 17 typically developing participants. Up to three time points of magnetic resonance imaging data, collected on average every 2.5 years, were examined from individuals 3–12 years of age at the time of their first scan. Consistent with previous cross-sectional studies, no group differences were found in Heschl's gyrus gray matter volume or asymmetry. However, reduced longitudinal gray matter volumetric growth was found in the right Heschl's gyrus in autism. Reduced longitudinal white matter growth in the left hemisphere was found in the right-handed autism participants. Atypical Heschl's gyrus white matter volumetric growth was found bilaterally in the autism individuals with a history of delayed onset of spoken language. Heightened auditory sensitivity, obtained from the Sensory Profile, was associated with reduced volumetric gray matter growth in the right hemisphere. Our longitudinal analyses revealed dynamic gray and white matter changes in Heschl's gyrus throughout childhood and adolescence in both typical development and autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Longitudinal Heschl's Gyrus Growth During Childhood and Adolescence in Typical Development and Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Molly B. D. PRIGGE, Auteur ; Erin D. BIGLER, Auteur ; P. Thomas FLETCHER, Auteur ; Brandon A. ZIELINSKI, Auteur ; Caitlin RAVICHANDRAN, Auteur ; Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Alyson L. FROEHLICH, Auteur ; Tracy J. ABILDSKOV, Auteur ; Evangelia PAPADOPOLOUS, Auteur ; Kathryn MAASBERG, Auteur ; Jared A. NIELSEN, Auteur ; Andrew A. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Nicholas LANGE, Auteur ; Janet E. LAINHART, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.78-90. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.78-90 Mots-clés : autism  Heschl's gyrus  longitudinal development  MRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Heightened auditory sensitivity and atypical auditory processing are common in autism. Functional studies suggest abnormal neural response and hemispheric activation to auditory stimuli, yet the neurodevelopment underlying atypical auditory function in autism is unknown. In this study, we model longitudinal volumetric growth of Heschl's gyrus gray matter and white matter during childhood and adolescence in 40 individuals with autism and 17 typically developing participants. Up to three time points of magnetic resonance imaging data, collected on average every 2.5 years, were examined from individuals 3–12 years of age at the time of their first scan. Consistent with previous cross-sectional studies, no group differences were found in Heschl's gyrus gray matter volume or asymmetry. However, reduced longitudinal gray matter volumetric growth was found in the right Heschl's gyrus in autism. Reduced longitudinal white matter growth in the left hemisphere was found in the right-handed autism participants. Atypical Heschl's gyrus white matter volumetric growth was found bilaterally in the autism individuals with a history of delayed onset of spoken language. Heightened auditory sensitivity, obtained from the Sensory Profile, was associated with reduced volumetric gray matter growth in the right hemisphere. Our longitudinal analyses revealed dynamic gray and white matter changes in Heschl's gyrus throughout childhood and adolescence in both typical development and autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sex Differences and Associations With Symptoms / Meghan MILLER in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.91-102 Titre : Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sex Differences and Associations With Symptoms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Karen L. BALES, Auteur ; Sandra L. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Jong YOON, Auteur ; Caroline M. HOSTETLER, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.91-102 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : neuropeptides  oxytocin  vasopressin  autism  sex differences  repetitive behaviors  anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been intensified interest in the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) given their role in affiliative and social behavior in animals, positive results of treatment studies using OT, and findings that genetic polymorphisms in the AVP–OT pathway are present in individuals with ASD. Nearly all such studies in humans have focused only on males. With this preliminary study, we provide basic and novel information on the involvement of OT and AVP in autism, with an investigation of blood plasma levels of these neuropeptides in 75 preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys ages 8–18: 40 with high-functioning ASD (19 girls, 21 boys) and 35 typically developing children (16 girls, 19 boys). We related neuropeptide levels to social, language, repetitive behavior, and internalizing symptom measures in these individuals. There were significant gender effects: Girls showed higher levels of OT, while boys had significantly higher levels of AVP. There were no significant effects of diagnosis on OT or AVP. Higher OT values were associated with greater anxiety in all girls, and with better pragmatic language in all boys and girls. AVP levels were positively associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors in girls with ASD but negatively (nonsignificantly) associated with these behaviors in boys with ASD. Our results challenge the prevailing view that plasma OT levels are lower in individuals with ASD, and suggest that there are distinct and sexually dimorphic mechanisms of action for OT and AVP underlying anxiety and repetitive behaviors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1270 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sex Differences and Associations With Symptoms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Karen L. BALES, Auteur ; Sandra L. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Jong YOON, Auteur ; Caroline M. HOSTETLER, Auteur ; Cameron S. CARTER, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.91-102. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.91-102 Mots-clés : neuropeptides  oxytocin  vasopressin  autism  sex differences  repetitive behaviors  anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been intensified interest in the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) given their role in affiliative and social behavior in animals, positive results of treatment studies using OT, and findings that genetic polymorphisms in the AVP–OT pathway are present in individuals with ASD. Nearly all such studies in humans have focused only on males. With this preliminary study, we provide basic and novel information on the involvement of OT and AVP in autism, with an investigation of blood plasma levels of these neuropeptides in 75 preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys ages 8–18: 40 with high-functioning ASD (19 girls, 21 boys) and 35 typically developing children (16 girls, 19 boys). We related neuropeptide levels to social, language, repetitive behavior, and internalizing symptom measures in these individuals. There were significant gender effects: Girls showed higher levels of OT, while boys had significantly higher levels of AVP. There were no significant effects of diagnosis on OT or AVP. Higher OT values were associated with greater anxiety in all girls, and with better pragmatic language in all boys and girls. AVP levels were positively associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors in girls with ASD but negatively (nonsignificantly) associated with these behaviors in boys with ASD. Our results challenge the prevailing view that plasma OT levels are lower in individuals with ASD, and suggest that there are distinct and sexually dimorphic mechanisms of action for OT and AVP underlying anxiety and repetitive behaviors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1270 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Stability and Validity of an Automated Measure of Vocal Development From Day-Long Samples in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder / Paul J. YODER in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.103-107 Titre : Stability and Validity of an Automated Measure of Vocal Development From Day-Long Samples in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul J. YODER, Auteur ; D. Kimbrough OLLER, Auteur ; Jeffrey A. RICHARDS, Auteur ; Sharmistha GRAY, Auteur ; Jill GILKERSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.103-107 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : infants  pediatrics  developmental psychology  clinical psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individual difference measures of vocal development may eventually aid our understanding of the variability in spoken language acquisition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Large samples of child vocalizations may be needed to maximize the stability of vocal development estimates. Day-long vocal samples can now be automatically analyzed based on acoustic characteristics of speech likeness identified in theoretically driven and empirically cross-validated quantitative models of typical vocal development. This report indicates that a single day-long recording can produce a stable estimate for a measure of vocal development that is highly related to expressive spoken language in a group of young children with ASD and in a group that is typically developing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1271 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Stability and Validity of an Automated Measure of Vocal Development From Day-Long Samples in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul J. YODER, Auteur ; D. Kimbrough OLLER, Auteur ; Jeffrey A. RICHARDS, Auteur ; Sharmistha GRAY, Auteur ; Jill GILKERSON, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.103-107. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.103-107 Mots-clés : infants  pediatrics  developmental psychology  clinical psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individual difference measures of vocal development may eventually aid our understanding of the variability in spoken language acquisition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Large samples of child vocalizations may be needed to maximize the stability of vocal development estimates. Day-long vocal samples can now be automatically analyzed based on acoustic characteristics of speech likeness identified in theoretically driven and empirically cross-validated quantitative models of typical vocal development. This report indicates that a single day-long recording can produce a stable estimate for a measure of vocal development that is highly related to expressive spoken language in a group of young children with ASD and in a group that is typically developing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1271 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence for Intact Functioning in Adults With Autism / Michael A. GRUBB in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.108-118 Titre : Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence for Intact Functioning in Adults With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael A. GRUBB, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Ryan EGAN, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marisa CARRASCO, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.108-118 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention  spatial attention  endogenous attention  psychophysics  adults  autism  autism spectrum disorders  ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rapid manipulation of the attention field (i.e. the location and spread of visual spatial attention) is a critical aspect of human cognition, and previous research on spatial attention in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results. In a series of three psychophysical experiments, we evaluated claims in the literature that individuals with ASD exhibit a deficit in voluntarily controlling the deployment and size of the spatial attention field. We measured the spatial distribution of performance accuracies and reaction times to quantify the sizes and locations of the attention field, with and without spatial uncertainty (i.e. the lack of predictability concerning the spatial position of the upcoming stimulus). We found that high-functioning adults with autism exhibited slower reaction times overall with spatial uncertainty, but the effects of attention on performance accuracies and reaction times were indistinguishable between individuals with autism and typically developing individuals in all three experiments. These results provide evidence of intact endogenous spatial attention function in high-functioning adults with ASD, suggesting that atypical endogenous attention cannot be a latent characteristic of autism in general. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1269 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence for Intact Functioning in Adults With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael A. GRUBB, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Ryan EGAN, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marisa CARRASCO, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.108-118. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.108-118 Mots-clés : attention  spatial attention  endogenous attention  psychophysics  adults  autism  autism spectrum disorders  ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rapid manipulation of the attention field (i.e. the location and spread of visual spatial attention) is a critical aspect of human cognition, and previous research on spatial attention in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results. In a series of three psychophysical experiments, we evaluated claims in the literature that individuals with ASD exhibit a deficit in voluntarily controlling the deployment and size of the spatial attention field. We measured the spatial distribution of performance accuracies and reaction times to quantify the sizes and locations of the attention field, with and without spatial uncertainty (i.e. the lack of predictability concerning the spatial position of the upcoming stimulus). We found that high-functioning adults with autism exhibited slower reaction times overall with spatial uncertainty, but the effects of attention on performance accuracies and reaction times were indistinguishable between individuals with autism and typically developing individuals in all three experiments. These results provide evidence of intact endogenous spatial attention function in high-functioning adults with ASD, suggesting that atypical endogenous attention cannot be a latent characteristic of autism in general. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1269 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Probe into the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Review / Joshua M. BARUTH in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.119-133 Titre : Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Probe into the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joshua M. BARUTH, Auteur ; Christopher A. WALL, Auteur ; Marc C. PATTERSON, Auteur ; John D. PORT, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.119-133 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorders  proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy  N-acetylaspartate  glutamate  myo-inositol Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a safe, noninvasive way of quantifying in vivo biochemical and metabolite concentration levels in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Findings to date suggest ASD is associated with widespread reduction in N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate plus glutamine plus gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (Glx); however, variable findings, and even substantial increases, are not uncommon depending on the study and/or region-of-interest. Widespread reduction of NAA, Cr, Cho, mI, and Glx in ASD likely reflects impaired neuronal function and/or metabolism related to abnormal neurodevelopmental processes. Future studies should attempt to relate 1H-MRS findings to histological findings and control for variability in subject age and functioning level; this would assist in evaluating the relationship between 1H-MRS metabolic levels and neuronal and glial cell densities, as well as neurodevelopmental process associated with ASD. Furthermore, more longitudinal 1H-MRS studies are needed in both control and ASD subjects to attempt to standardize metabolite levels across different developmental periods in well-defined endophenotypes. This will provide for a standard rubric for which metabolic aberrations (as well as treatment responses) can be measured. With higher magnetic field strengths and spectral-editing techniques capable of quantifying less-concentrated metabolites, 1H-MRS will continue to be an important tool in ASD research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1273 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Probe into the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joshua M. BARUTH, Auteur ; Christopher A. WALL, Auteur ; Marc C. PATTERSON, Auteur ; John D. PORT, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.119-133. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.119-133 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorders  proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy  N-acetylaspartate  glutamate  myo-inositol Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a safe, noninvasive way of quantifying in vivo biochemical and metabolite concentration levels in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Findings to date suggest ASD is associated with widespread reduction in N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate plus glutamine plus gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (Glx); however, variable findings, and even substantial increases, are not uncommon depending on the study and/or region-of-interest. Widespread reduction of NAA, Cr, Cho, mI, and Glx in ASD likely reflects impaired neuronal function and/or metabolism related to abnormal neurodevelopmental processes. Future studies should attempt to relate 1H-MRS findings to histological findings and control for variability in subject age and functioning level; this would assist in evaluating the relationship between 1H-MRS metabolic levels and neuronal and glial cell densities, as well as neurodevelopmental process associated with ASD. Furthermore, more longitudinal 1H-MRS studies are needed in both control and ASD subjects to attempt to standardize metabolite levels across different developmental periods in well-defined endophenotypes. This will provide for a standard rubric for which metabolic aberrations (as well as treatment responses) can be measured. With higher magnetic field strengths and spectral-editing techniques capable of quantifying less-concentrated metabolites, 1H-MRS will continue to be an important tool in ASD research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1273 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire: Prevalence and Diagnostic Classification / Noah J. SASSON in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.134-143 Titre : The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire: Prevalence and Diagnostic Classification Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Kristen S. L. LAM, Auteur ; Debra CHILDRESS, Auteur ; Morgan PARLIER, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.134-143 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Broad Autism Phenotype  assessment  prevalence  genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) was administered to a large community-based sample of biological parents of children with autism (PCAs) and comparison parents (CPs) (n?=?1,692). Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency parameters confirmed a robust three-factor structure of the BAPQ, corresponding to the proposed aloof, pragmatic language and rigidity subscales. Based upon the distribution of Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) features in the general population, new normative cutoff values for BAPQ subscales were established that provide increased specificity relative to those previously reported, and thus enhance the utility of the BAPQ for diagnostically classifying the BAP. These cutoffs were also used to estimate prevalence of the BAP and its three components, with rates ranging between 14–23% for PCAs and between 5–9% for CPs. Analysis of patterns of BAP characteristics within family members revealed that BAP features were more likely to co-occur in PCAs relative to CPs. Collectively, these findings extend the utility of the BAPQ and provide additional evidence that it is an efficient and reliable tool for disaggregating the heterogeneity of autism through the identification of meaningful subgroups of parents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1272 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire: Prevalence and Diagnostic Classification [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Kristen S. L. LAM, Auteur ; Debra CHILDRESS, Auteur ; Morgan PARLIER, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Joseph PIVEN, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.134-143. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.134-143 Mots-clés : autism  Broad Autism Phenotype  assessment  prevalence  genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) was administered to a large community-based sample of biological parents of children with autism (PCAs) and comparison parents (CPs) (n?=?1,692). Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency parameters confirmed a robust three-factor structure of the BAPQ, corresponding to the proposed aloof, pragmatic language and rigidity subscales. Based upon the distribution of Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) features in the general population, new normative cutoff values for BAPQ subscales were established that provide increased specificity relative to those previously reported, and thus enhance the utility of the BAPQ for diagnostically classifying the BAP. These cutoffs were also used to estimate prevalence of the BAP and its three components, with rates ranging between 14–23% for PCAs and between 5–9% for CPs. Analysis of patterns of BAP characteristics within family members revealed that BAP features were more likely to co-occur in PCAs relative to CPs. Collectively, these findings extend the utility of the BAPQ and provide additional evidence that it is an efficient and reliable tool for disaggregating the heterogeneity of autism through the identification of meaningful subgroups of parents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1272 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Lay Abstracts in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.144-146 Titre : Lay Abstracts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.144-146 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1294 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Lay Abstracts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2013 . - p.144-146. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.144-146 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1294 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

International Society for Autism Research News / Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.147-147 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.147-147 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.147-147. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.147-147 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199