Anorexia nervosa and autism: a prospective twin cohort study / Lisa DINKLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-3 (March 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-3 (March 2021) . - p.316-326 Titre : Anorexia nervosa and autism: a prospective twin cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa DINKLER, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Maria RASTAM, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur ; Cynthia M. BULIK, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.316-326 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eating disorder  anorexia nervosa  autism spectrum disorders  longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN. METHODS: In a population-based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, parents reported autistic traits at ages 9 and 18. AN and ASD diagnoses were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. In addition, AN diagnoses were ascertained by parent-reported treatment for AN. We compared whether individuals with and without AN differed in autistic traits before the first diagnosis of AN (age 9) and after the first diagnosis of AN (age 18). RESULTS: We did not find evidence for elevated autistic traits in 9-year-old children later diagnosed with AN. At age 18, however, there was a marked elevation in restricted/repetitive behavior and interests, but only in the subgroup of individuals with acute AN. A less pronounced elevation was observed for social communication problems. CONCLUSIONS: Coping strategies in individuals with ASD and the somewhat different female ASD phenotype may explain why we did not find elevated autistic traits in children who later developed AN. Alternatively, it is possible that elevated autistic traits were not present prior to the onset of AN, thus questioning the previously reported elevated prevalence of ASD in AN. Future studies should use tailored measurements in order to investigate whether autistic traits in individuals with AN are best conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of the acute AN phase or whether these symptoms indeed represent ASD as a clinically verifiable neurodevelopmental disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443 [article] Anorexia nervosa and autism: a prospective twin cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa DINKLER, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Maria RASTAM, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur ; Cynthia M. BULIK, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur . - p.316-326. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-3 (March 2021) . - p.316-326 Mots-clés : Eating disorder  anorexia nervosa  autism spectrum disorders  longitudinal studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN. METHODS: In a population-based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, parents reported autistic traits at ages 9 and 18. AN and ASD diagnoses were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. In addition, AN diagnoses were ascertained by parent-reported treatment for AN. We compared whether individuals with and without AN differed in autistic traits before the first diagnosis of AN (age 9) and after the first diagnosis of AN (age 18). RESULTS: We did not find evidence for elevated autistic traits in 9-year-old children later diagnosed with AN. At age 18, however, there was a marked elevation in restricted/repetitive behavior and interests, but only in the subgroup of individuals with acute AN. A less pronounced elevation was observed for social communication problems. CONCLUSIONS: Coping strategies in individuals with ASD and the somewhat different female ASD phenotype may explain why we did not find elevated autistic traits in children who later developed AN. Alternatively, it is possible that elevated autistic traits were not present prior to the onset of AN, thus questioning the previously reported elevated prevalence of ASD in AN. Future studies should use tailored measurements in order to investigate whether autistic traits in individuals with AN are best conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of the acute AN phase or whether these symptoms indeed represent ASD as a clinically verifiable neurodevelopmental disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13265 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443

Autism and emotional face-viewing / Jakob ÅSBERG JOHNELS in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.901-910 Titre : Autism and emotional face-viewing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jakob ÅSBERG JOHNELS, Auteur ; Daniel HOVEY, Auteur ; Nicole ZÜRCHER, Auteur ; Loyse HIPPOLYTE, Auteur ; Eric LEMONNIER, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.901-910 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  eye-tracking  mouth  face  autism quotient  social  endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical patterns of face-scanning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may contribute to difficulties in social interactions, but there is little agreement regarding what exactly characterizes face-viewing in ASD. In addition, little research has examined how face-viewing is modulated by the emotional expression of the stimuli, in individuals with or without ASD. We used eye-tracking to explore viewing patterns during perception of dynamic emotional facial expressions in relatively large groups of individuals with (n?=?57) and without ASD (n?=?58) and examined diagnostic- and age-related effects, after subgrouping children and adolescents (?18 years), on the one hand, and adults (>18 years), on the other. Results showed that children/adolescents with ASD fixated the mouth of happy and angry faces less than their typically developing (TD) peers, and conversely looked more to the eyes of happy faces. Moreover, while all groups fixated the mouth in happy faces more than in other expressions, children/adolescents with ASD did relatively less so. Correlation analysis showed a similar lack of relative orientation towards the mouth of smiling faces in TD children/adolescents with high autistic traits, as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Among adults, participants with ASD only attended less to the eyes for neutral faces. Our study shows that the emotional content of a face influences gaze behaviour, and that this effect is not fully developed in children/adolescents with ASD. Interestingly, this lack of differentiation observed in the younger ASD group was also seen in younger TD individuals with higher AQ scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] Autism and emotional face-viewing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jakob ÅSBERG JOHNELS, Auteur ; Daniel HOVEY, Auteur ; Nicole ZÜRCHER, Auteur ; Loyse HIPPOLYTE, Auteur ; Eric LEMONNIER, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur . - p.901-910. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.901-910 Mots-clés : autism  eye-tracking  mouth  face  autism quotient  social  endophenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical patterns of face-scanning in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may contribute to difficulties in social interactions, but there is little agreement regarding what exactly characterizes face-viewing in ASD. In addition, little research has examined how face-viewing is modulated by the emotional expression of the stimuli, in individuals with or without ASD. We used eye-tracking to explore viewing patterns during perception of dynamic emotional facial expressions in relatively large groups of individuals with (n?=?57) and without ASD (n?=?58) and examined diagnostic- and age-related effects, after subgrouping children and adolescents (?18 years), on the one hand, and adults (>18 years), on the other. Results showed that children/adolescents with ASD fixated the mouth of happy and angry faces less than their typically developing (TD) peers, and conversely looked more to the eyes of happy faces. Moreover, while all groups fixated the mouth in happy faces more than in other expressions, children/adolescents with ASD did relatively less so. Correlation analysis showed a similar lack of relative orientation towards the mouth of smiling faces in TD children/adolescents with high autistic traits, as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Among adults, participants with ASD only attended less to the eyes for neutral faces. Our study shows that the emotional content of a face influences gaze behaviour, and that this effect is not fully developed in children/adolescents with ASD. Interestingly, this lack of differentiation observed in the younger ASD group was also seen in younger TD individuals with higher AQ scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Improving emotional face perception in autism with diuretic bumetanide: A proof-of-concept behavioral and functional brain imaging pilot study / Nouchine HADJIKHANI in Autism, 19-2 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-2 (February 2015) . - p.149-157 Titre : Improving emotional face perception in autism with diuretic bumetanide: A proof-of-concept behavioral and functional brain imaging pilot study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur ; Nicole R. ZÜRCHER, Auteur ; Ophelie ROGIER, Auteur ; Torsten RUEST, Auteur ; Loyse HIPPOLYTE, Auteur ; Yehezkel BEN-ARI, Auteur ; Eric LEMONNIER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.149-157 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  bumetanide  emotion  face perception  fMRI  GABA  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical observations have shown that GABA-acting benzodiazepines exert paradoxical excitatory effects in autism, suggesting elevated intracellular chloride (Cl–)i and excitatory action of GABA. In a previous double-blind randomized study, we have shown that the diuretic NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide, that decreases (Cl–)i and reinforces GABAergic inhibition, reduces the severity of autism symptoms. Here, we report results from an open-label trial pilot study in which we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing to determine the effects of 10 months bumetanide treatment in adolescents and young adults with autism. We show that bumetanide treatment improves emotion recognition and enhances the activation of brain regions involved in social and emotional perception during the perception of emotional faces. The improvement of emotion processing by bumetanide reinforces the usefulness of bumetanide as a promising treatment to improve social interactions in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313514141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256 [article] Improving emotional face perception in autism with diuretic bumetanide: A proof-of-concept behavioral and functional brain imaging pilot study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur ; Nicole R. ZÜRCHER, Auteur ; Ophelie ROGIER, Auteur ; Torsten RUEST, Auteur ; Loyse HIPPOLYTE, Auteur ; Yehezkel BEN-ARI, Auteur ; Eric LEMONNIER, Auteur . - p.149-157. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-2 (February 2015) . - p.149-157 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  bumetanide  emotion  face perception  fMRI  GABA  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical observations have shown that GABA-acting benzodiazepines exert paradoxical excitatory effects in autism, suggesting elevated intracellular chloride (Cl–)i and excitatory action of GABA. In a previous double-blind randomized study, we have shown that the diuretic NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide, that decreases (Cl–)i and reinforces GABAergic inhibition, reduces the severity of autism symptoms. Here, we report results from an open-label trial pilot study in which we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing to determine the effects of 10 months bumetanide treatment in adolescents and young adults with autism. We show that bumetanide treatment improves emotion recognition and enhances the activation of brain regions involved in social and emotional perception during the perception of emotional faces. The improvement of emotion processing by bumetanide reinforces the usefulness of bumetanide as a promising treatment to improve social interactions in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313514141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256

Neurones miroirs et autisme / Nouchine HADJIKHANI

Public ISBD in Approche neuropsychologique des troubles des apprentissages / Sylvie CHOKRON Titre : Neurones miroirs et autisme Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Importance : p.143-162 Langues : Français (fre) Index. décimale : SCI-C SCI-C - Neuropsychologie Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 in Approche neuropsychologique des troubles des apprentissages / Sylvie CHOKRON Neurones miroirs et autisme [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.143-162. Langues : Français (fre) Index. décimale : SCI-C SCI-C - Neuropsychologie Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

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Screening, Intervention and Outcome in Autism and Other Developmental Disorders: The Role of Randomized Controlled Trials / Elisabeth FERNELL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-8 (August 2014) . - p.2074-2076 Titre : Screening, Intervention and Outcome in Autism and Other Developmental Disorders: The Role of Randomized Controlled Trials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elisabeth FERNELL, Auteur ; Philip WILSON, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur ; Thomas BOURGERON, Auteur ; Brian NEVILLE, Auteur ; David C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Helen MINNIS, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2074-2076 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental disorders  Autism  Screening  Randomized controlled trials  Intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We draw attention to a number of important considerations in the arguments about screening and outcome of intervention in children with autism and other developmental disorders. Autism screening in itself never provides a final clinical diagnosis, but may well identify developmental deviations indicative of autism—or of other developmental disorders—that should lead to referral for further clinical assessment. Decisions regarding population or clinic screening cannot be allowed to be based on the fact that prospective longitudinal RCT designs over decades could never be performed in complex developmental disorders. We propose an alternative approach. Early screening for autism and other developmental disorders is likely to be of high societal importance and should be promoted and rigorously evaluated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2070-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236 [article] Screening, Intervention and Outcome in Autism and Other Developmental Disorders: The Role of Randomized Controlled Trials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elisabeth FERNELL, Auteur ; Philip WILSON, Auteur ; Nouchine HADJIKHANI, Auteur ; Thomas BOURGERON, Auteur ; Brian NEVILLE, Auteur ; David C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Helen MINNIS, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur . - p.2074-2076. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-8 (August 2014) . - p.2074-2076 Mots-clés : Developmental disorders  Autism  Screening  Randomized controlled trials  Intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We draw attention to a number of important considerations in the arguments about screening and outcome of intervention in children with autism and other developmental disorders. Autism screening in itself never provides a final clinical diagnosis, but may well identify developmental deviations indicative of autism—or of other developmental disorders—that should lead to referral for further clinical assessment. Decisions regarding population or clinic screening cannot be allowed to be based on the fact that prospective longitudinal RCT designs over decades could never be performed in complex developmental disorders. We propose an alternative approach. Early screening for autism and other developmental disorders is likely to be of high societal importance and should be promoted and rigorously evaluated. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2070-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236

The Neurobiology of Autism / Christopher GILLBERG

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Traiter l'autisme ? / Yehezkel BEN-ARI

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Zoom sur la reconnaissance des viages : What is wrong with faces? / Nouchine HADJIKHANI in Bulletin Scientifique de l'arapi (Le), 24 (Décembre 2009)

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