Dépouillements

Autism Treatment Research / Anthony J. BAILEY in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.1-3 Titre : Autism Treatment Research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-3 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1358 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Autism Treatment Research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur . - p.1-3. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.1-3 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1358 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Improvement in Social Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders Using a Theatre-Based, Peer-Mediated Intervention / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.4-16 Titre : Improvement in Social Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders Using a Theatre-Based, Peer-Mediated Intervention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Deanna M. SWAIN, Auteur ; Catherine COKE, Auteur ; David SIMON, Auteur ; Cassandra NEWSOM, Auteur ; Nea HOUCHINS-JUAREZ, Auteur ; Ashley JENSON, Auteur ; Lily WANG, Auteur ; Yanna SONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4-16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  social interaction  face processing  theatre  cortisol Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social Emotional NeuroScience Endocrinology Theatre is a novel intervention program aimed at improving reciprocal social interaction in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using behavioral strategies and theatrical techniques in a peer-mediated model. Previous research using a 3-month model showed improvement in face perception, social interaction, and reductions in stress. The current study assessed a 2-week summer camp model. Typically developing peers were trained and paired with ASD youth (8–17 years). Social perception and interaction skills were measured before and after treatment using neuropsychological and parental measures. Behavioral coding by reliable, independent raters was conducted within the treatment context (theatre) and outside the setting (playground). Salivary cortisol levels to assess physiological arousal were measured across contexts (home, theatre, and playground). A pretest–posttest design for within-group comparisons was used, and prespecified pairwise comparisons were achieved using a nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significant differences were observed in face processing, social awareness, and social cognition (P??0.05). Duration of interaction with familiar peers increased significantly over the course of treatment (P??0.05), while engagement with novel peers outside the treatment setting remained stable. Cortisol levels rose on the first day of camp compared with home values yet declined by the end of treatment and further reduced during posttreatment play with peers. Results corroborate previous findings that the peer-mediated theatre program contributes to improvement in core social deficits in ASD using a short-term, summer camp treatment model. Future studies will explore treatment length and peer familiarity to optimize and generalize gains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1341 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Improvement in Social Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders Using a Theatre-Based, Peer-Mediated Intervention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Deanna M. SWAIN, Auteur ; Catherine COKE, Auteur ; David SIMON, Auteur ; Cassandra NEWSOM, Auteur ; Nea HOUCHINS-JUAREZ, Auteur ; Ashley JENSON, Auteur ; Lily WANG, Auteur ; Yanna SONG, Auteur . - p.4-16. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.4-16 Mots-clés : autism  social interaction  face processing  theatre  cortisol Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social Emotional NeuroScience Endocrinology Theatre is a novel intervention program aimed at improving reciprocal social interaction in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using behavioral strategies and theatrical techniques in a peer-mediated model. Previous research using a 3-month model showed improvement in face perception, social interaction, and reductions in stress. The current study assessed a 2-week summer camp model. Typically developing peers were trained and paired with ASD youth (8–17 years). Social perception and interaction skills were measured before and after treatment using neuropsychological and parental measures. Behavioral coding by reliable, independent raters was conducted within the treatment context (theatre) and outside the setting (playground). Salivary cortisol levels to assess physiological arousal were measured across contexts (home, theatre, and playground). A pretest–posttest design for within-group comparisons was used, and prespecified pairwise comparisons were achieved using a nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significant differences were observed in face processing, social awareness, and social cognition (P??0.05). Duration of interaction with familiar peers increased significantly over the course of treatment (P??0.05), while engagement with novel peers outside the treatment setting remained stable. Cortisol levels rose on the first day of camp compared with home values yet declined by the end of treatment and further reduced during posttreatment play with peers. Results corroborate previous findings that the peer-mediated theatre program contributes to improvement in core social deficits in ASD using a short-term, summer camp treatment model. Future studies will explore treatment length and peer familiarity to optimize and generalize gains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1341 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Autonomic Responses to Social and Nonsocial Pictures in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Anneke LOUWERSE in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.17-27 Titre : Autonomic Responses to Social and Nonsocial Pictures in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anneke LOUWERSE, Auteur ; Joke H. M. TULEN, Auteur ; Jos N. VAN DER GEEST, Auteur ; Jan VAN DER ENDE, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Kirstin GREAVES-LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.17-27 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  affective pictures  autonomic responses  subjective ratings  heart rate  skin conductance level Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It remains unclear why individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to respond in an atypical manner in social situations. Investigating autonomic and subjective responses to social vs. nonsocial stimuli may help to reveal underlying mechanisms of these atypical responses. This study examined autonomic responses (skin conductance level and heart rate) and subjective responses to social vs. nonsocial pictures in 37 adolescents with an ASD and 36 typically developing (TD) adolescents. Thirty-six pictures from the International Affective Picture System were presented, divided into six categories based on social content (social vs. nonsocial) and pleasantness (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant). Both in adolescents with ASD as well as TD adolescents, pictures with a social content resulted in higher skin conductance responses (SCRs) for pleasant and unpleasant pictures than for neutral pictures. No differences in SCRs were found for the three nonsocial picture categories. Unpleasant pictures, both with and without a social content, showed more heart rate deceleration than neutral pictures. Self-reported arousal ratings were influenced by the social and affective content of a picture. No differences were found between individuals with ASD and TD individuals in their autonomic and subjective responses to the picture categories. These results suggest that adolescents with ASD do not show atypical autonomic or subjective responses to pictures with and without a social content. These findings make it less likely that impairments in social information processing in individuals with ASD can be explained by atypical autonomic responses to social stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1327 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Autonomic Responses to Social and Nonsocial Pictures in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anneke LOUWERSE, Auteur ; Joke H. M. TULEN, Auteur ; Jos N. VAN DER GEEST, Auteur ; Jan VAN DER ENDE, Auteur ; Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur ; Kirstin GREAVES-LORD, Auteur . - p.17-27. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.17-27 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  affective pictures  autonomic responses  subjective ratings  heart rate  skin conductance level Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It remains unclear why individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to respond in an atypical manner in social situations. Investigating autonomic and subjective responses to social vs. nonsocial stimuli may help to reveal underlying mechanisms of these atypical responses. This study examined autonomic responses (skin conductance level and heart rate) and subjective responses to social vs. nonsocial pictures in 37 adolescents with an ASD and 36 typically developing (TD) adolescents. Thirty-six pictures from the International Affective Picture System were presented, divided into six categories based on social content (social vs. nonsocial) and pleasantness (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant). Both in adolescents with ASD as well as TD adolescents, pictures with a social content resulted in higher skin conductance responses (SCRs) for pleasant and unpleasant pictures than for neutral pictures. No differences in SCRs were found for the three nonsocial picture categories. Unpleasant pictures, both with and without a social content, showed more heart rate deceleration than neutral pictures. Self-reported arousal ratings were influenced by the social and affective content of a picture. No differences were found between individuals with ASD and TD individuals in their autonomic and subjective responses to the picture categories. These results suggest that adolescents with ASD do not show atypical autonomic or subjective responses to pictures with and without a social content. These findings make it less likely that impairments in social information processing in individuals with ASD can be explained by atypical autonomic responses to social stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1327 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Do Children With Autism Re-Enact Object Movements Rather Than Imitate Demonstrator Actions? / Deborah M. CUSTANCE in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.28-39 Titre : Do Children With Autism Re-Enact Object Movements Rather Than Imitate Demonstrator Actions? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Deborah M. CUSTANCE, Auteur ; Jennifer L. MAYER, Auteur ; Emmelianna KUMAR, Auteur ; Elisabeth HILL, Auteur ; Pamela HEATON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.28-39 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  imitation  emulation  transitive Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that autism-specific imitative deficits may be reduced or even spared in object-related activities. However, most previous research has not sufficiently distinguished object movement reenactment (learning about the ways in which object move) from imitation (learning about the topography of demonstrated actions). Twenty children with autism (CWA) and 20 typically developing children (TDC) were presented with puzzle boxes containing prizes. Test objects and experimental conditions were designed to isolate object- and action-related aspects of demonstrations. There were four types of video demonstrations: (a) a full demonstration by an adult; (b) a ghost demonstration with object movements alone; (c) mimed solutions demonstrated adjacent to the objects; and (d) random actions performed on the surface of the objects. There were no significant between-group differences in the degree to which CWA and TDC matched the full demonstrations, the actual demonstrations or in their times to first solution in any of the conditions. Although there was no clear imitative deficit in the CWA, regression analyses were conducted to explore in more detail whether diagnosis, verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), nonverbal IQ NVIQ, age or motor coordination predicted performance. The results are discussed in relation to the use of extrinsic vs. intrinsic rewards and the interplay between motor coordination and the relative rigidity vs. pliability of objects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1328 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Do Children With Autism Re-Enact Object Movements Rather Than Imitate Demonstrator Actions? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Deborah M. CUSTANCE, Auteur ; Jennifer L. MAYER, Auteur ; Emmelianna KUMAR, Auteur ; Elisabeth HILL, Auteur ; Pamela HEATON, Auteur . - p.28-39. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.28-39 Mots-clés : autism  imitation  emulation  transitive Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that autism-specific imitative deficits may be reduced or even spared in object-related activities. However, most previous research has not sufficiently distinguished object movement reenactment (learning about the ways in which object move) from imitation (learning about the topography of demonstrated actions). Twenty children with autism (CWA) and 20 typically developing children (TDC) were presented with puzzle boxes containing prizes. Test objects and experimental conditions were designed to isolate object- and action-related aspects of demonstrations. There were four types of video demonstrations: (a) a full demonstration by an adult; (b) a ghost demonstration with object movements alone; (c) mimed solutions demonstrated adjacent to the objects; and (d) random actions performed on the surface of the objects. There were no significant between-group differences in the degree to which CWA and TDC matched the full demonstrations, the actual demonstrations or in their times to first solution in any of the conditions. Although there was no clear imitative deficit in the CWA, regression analyses were conducted to explore in more detail whether diagnosis, verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), nonverbal IQ NVIQ, age or motor coordination predicted performance. The results are discussed in relation to the use of extrinsic vs. intrinsic rewards and the interplay between motor coordination and the relative rigidity vs. pliability of objects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1328 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Age and Sensory Processing Abnormalities Predict Declines in Encoding and Recall of Temporally Manipulated Speech in High-Functioning Adults with ASD / Jennifer L. MAYER in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.40-49 Titre : Age and Sensory Processing Abnormalities Predict Declines in Encoding and Recall of Temporally Manipulated Speech in High-Functioning Adults with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer L. MAYER, Auteur ; Pamela HEATON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.40-49 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorders  Speech Perception  Auditory Processing  Aging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While temporal and perceptual processing abnormalities, identified in a number of electrophysiological and brain imaging studies of individuals with (ASD), are likely to impact on speech perception, surprisingly little is known about the behavioral outcomes of such abnormalities. It has been hypothesized that rapid temporal processing deficits may be linked to impaired language development through interference with acoustic information during speech perception. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of temporal changes on encoding and recall of speech, and the associated cognitive, clinical, and behavioral correlates in adults with ASD. Research carried out with typically developing (TD) adults has shown that word recall diminishes as the speed of speech increases, and it was predicted that the magnitude of this effect would be far greater in those with ASD because of a preexisting rapid temporal processing deficit. Nineteen high-functioning adults with ASD, and age- and intelligence-matched TD controls performed verbatim recall of temporally manipulated sentences. Reduced levels of word recall in response to increases in presentation speed were observed, and this effect was greater in the older participants in the ASD group than in the control group. This is the first study to show that both sensory abnormalities and aging impact on speech encoding in ASD. Auditory processing deficits in ASD may be indicative of an association with the sensory abnormalities and social and communication impairments characterizing the disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Age and Sensory Processing Abnormalities Predict Declines in Encoding and Recall of Temporally Manipulated Speech in High-Functioning Adults with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer L. MAYER, Auteur ; Pamela HEATON, Auteur . - p.40-49. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.40-49 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorders  Speech Perception  Auditory Processing  Aging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While temporal and perceptual processing abnormalities, identified in a number of electrophysiological and brain imaging studies of individuals with (ASD), are likely to impact on speech perception, surprisingly little is known about the behavioral outcomes of such abnormalities. It has been hypothesized that rapid temporal processing deficits may be linked to impaired language development through interference with acoustic information during speech perception. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of temporal changes on encoding and recall of speech, and the associated cognitive, clinical, and behavioral correlates in adults with ASD. Research carried out with typically developing (TD) adults has shown that word recall diminishes as the speed of speech increases, and it was predicted that the magnitude of this effect would be far greater in those with ASD because of a preexisting rapid temporal processing deficit. Nineteen high-functioning adults with ASD, and age- and intelligence-matched TD controls performed verbatim recall of temporally manipulated sentences. Reduced levels of word recall in response to increases in presentation speed were observed, and this effect was greater in the older participants in the ASD group than in the control group. This is the first study to show that both sensory abnormalities and aging impact on speech encoding in ASD. Auditory processing deficits in ASD may be indicative of an association with the sensory abnormalities and social and communication impairments characterizing the disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1333 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

The McGurk Effect in Children With Autism and Asperger Syndrome / James M. BEBKO in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.50-59 Titre : The McGurk Effect in Children With Autism and Asperger Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : James M. BEBKO, Auteur ; Jessica H. SCHROEDER, Auteur ; Jonathan A. WEISS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.50-59 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  intermodal perception  Asperger syndrome  intellectual disability  speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism may have difficulties in audiovisual speech perception, which has been linked to speech perception and language development. However, little has been done to examine children with Asperger syndrome as a group on tasks assessing audiovisual speech perception, despite this group's often greater language skills. Samples of children with autism, Asperger syndrome, and Down syndrome, as well as a typically developing sample, were presented with an auditory-only condition, a speech-reading condition, and an audiovisual condition designed to elicit the McGurk effect. Children with autism demonstrated unimodal performance at the same level as the other groups, yet showed a lower rate of the McGurk effect compared with the Asperger, Down and typical samples. These results suggest that children with autism may have unique intermodal speech perception difficulties linked to their representations of speech sounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1343 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] The McGurk Effect in Children With Autism and Asperger Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / James M. BEBKO, Auteur ; Jessica H. SCHROEDER, Auteur ; Jonathan A. WEISS, Auteur . - p.50-59. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.50-59 Mots-clés : autism  intermodal perception  Asperger syndrome  intellectual disability  speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism may have difficulties in audiovisual speech perception, which has been linked to speech perception and language development. However, little has been done to examine children with Asperger syndrome as a group on tasks assessing audiovisual speech perception, despite this group's often greater language skills. Samples of children with autism, Asperger syndrome, and Down syndrome, as well as a typically developing sample, were presented with an auditory-only condition, a speech-reading condition, and an audiovisual condition designed to elicit the McGurk effect. Children with autism demonstrated unimodal performance at the same level as the other groups, yet showed a lower rate of the McGurk effect compared with the Asperger, Down and typical samples. These results suggest that children with autism may have unique intermodal speech perception difficulties linked to their representations of speech sounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1343 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Analysis of Fmr1 Deletion in a Subpopulation of Post-Mitotic Neurons in Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus / Anahita AMIRI in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.60-71 Titre : Analysis of Fmr1 Deletion in a Subpopulation of Post-Mitotic Neurons in Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anahita AMIRI, Auteur ; Efrain SANCHEZ-ORTIZ, Auteur ; Woosung CHO, Auteur ; Shari G. BIRNBAUM, Auteur ; Jing XU, Auteur ; Renée M. MCKAY, Auteur ; Luis F. PARADA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.60-71 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fragile X Syndrome  Fmr1  autism  mental retardation  Nse-Cre  synaptic plasticity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation and the leading cause of autism. FXS is caused by mutation in a single gene, FMR1, which encodes an RNA-binding protein FMRP. FMRP is highly expressed in neurons and is hypothesized to have a role in synaptic structure, function, and plasticity by regulating mRNAs that encode pre- and post-synaptic proteins. Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice have been used as a model to study FXS. These mice have been reported to show a great degree of phenotypic variability based on the genetic background, environmental signals, and experimental methods. In this study, we sought to restrict FMRP deletion to two brain regions that have been implicated in FXS and autism. We show that ablating Fmr1 in differentiated neurons of hippocampus and cortex results in dendritic alterations and changes in synaptic marker intensity that are brain region specific. In our conditional mutant mice, FMRP-deleted neurons have activated AKT-mTOR pathway signaling in hippocampus but display no apparent behavioral phenotypes. These results highlight the importance of identifying additional factors that interact with Fmr1 to develop FXS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1342 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Analysis of Fmr1 Deletion in a Subpopulation of Post-Mitotic Neurons in Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anahita AMIRI, Auteur ; Efrain SANCHEZ-ORTIZ, Auteur ; Woosung CHO, Auteur ; Shari G. BIRNBAUM, Auteur ; Jing XU, Auteur ; Renée M. MCKAY, Auteur ; Luis F. PARADA, Auteur . - p.60-71. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.60-71 Mots-clés : Fragile X Syndrome  Fmr1  autism  mental retardation  Nse-Cre  synaptic plasticity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation and the leading cause of autism. FXS is caused by mutation in a single gene, FMR1, which encodes an RNA-binding protein FMRP. FMRP is highly expressed in neurons and is hypothesized to have a role in synaptic structure, function, and plasticity by regulating mRNAs that encode pre- and post-synaptic proteins. Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice have been used as a model to study FXS. These mice have been reported to show a great degree of phenotypic variability based on the genetic background, environmental signals, and experimental methods. In this study, we sought to restrict FMRP deletion to two brain regions that have been implicated in FXS and autism. We show that ablating Fmr1 in differentiated neurons of hippocampus and cortex results in dendritic alterations and changes in synaptic marker intensity that are brain region specific. In our conditional mutant mice, FMRP-deleted neurons have activated AKT-mTOR pathway signaling in hippocampus but display no apparent behavioral phenotypes. These results highlight the importance of identifying additional factors that interact with Fmr1 to develop FXS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1342 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Do Individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder Scan Faces Differently? A New Multi-Method Look at an Existing Controversy / Li YI in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.72-83 Titre : Do Individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder Scan Faces Differently? A New Multi-Method Look at an Existing Controversy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Li YI, Auteur ; Cong FENG, Auteur ; Paul C. QUINN, Auteur ; Haiyan DING, Auteur ; Jiao LI, Auteur ; Yubing LIU, Auteur ; Kang LEE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.72-83 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  face scanning  face recognition  eye tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are known to process faces atypically. However, there has been considerable controversy regarding whether ASD individuals also scan faces differently from typical adults. Here we compared ASD individuals' face-scanning patterns with those of typically developing (TD) controls and intellectually disabled (ID) but non-ASD individuals with the use of an eye tracker and multiple approaches to analyze eye-tracking data. First, we analyzed the eye movement data with a traditional approach, measuring fixation duration on each area of interest within the face. We found that compared with TD and ID individuals, ASD individuals looked significantly shorter at the right eye. Second, we used a data-driven method that analyzes fixations on each pixel of the face stimulus and found that individuals with ASD looked more at the central nasal area than TD and ID individuals. Third, we used a novel saccade path analysis that measures frequencies of saccades between major face areas. We found that ASD individuals scanned less often between core facial features than TD individuals but did not differ from ID individuals. Findings from the multi-method approaches show that individuals with ASD appear not to have a pervasive ASD-specific atypicality in visual attention toward the face. The ASD-specific atypical face-scanning patterns were shown to be limited to fixations on the eyes and nose. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1340 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Do Individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder Scan Faces Differently? A New Multi-Method Look at an Existing Controversy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Li YI, Auteur ; Cong FENG, Auteur ; Paul C. QUINN, Auteur ; Haiyan DING, Auteur ; Jiao LI, Auteur ; Yubing LIU, Auteur ; Kang LEE, Auteur . - p.72-83. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.72-83 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  face scanning  face recognition  eye tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are known to process faces atypically. However, there has been considerable controversy regarding whether ASD individuals also scan faces differently from typical adults. Here we compared ASD individuals' face-scanning patterns with those of typically developing (TD) controls and intellectually disabled (ID) but non-ASD individuals with the use of an eye tracker and multiple approaches to analyze eye-tracking data. First, we analyzed the eye movement data with a traditional approach, measuring fixation duration on each area of interest within the face. We found that compared with TD and ID individuals, ASD individuals looked significantly shorter at the right eye. Second, we used a data-driven method that analyzes fixations on each pixel of the face stimulus and found that individuals with ASD looked more at the central nasal area than TD and ID individuals. Third, we used a novel saccade path analysis that measures frequencies of saccades between major face areas. We found that ASD individuals scanned less often between core facial features than TD individuals but did not differ from ID individuals. Findings from the multi-method approaches show that individuals with ASD appear not to have a pervasive ASD-specific atypicality in visual attention toward the face. The ASD-specific atypical face-scanning patterns were shown to be limited to fixations on the eyes and nose. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1340 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Cognitive Perspective-Taking During Scene Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Eye Movements / Sheena K. AU-YEUNG in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.84-93 Titre : Cognitive Perspective-Taking During Scene Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Eye Movements Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sheena K. AU-YEUNG, Auteur ; Johanna K. KAAKINEN, Auteur ; Valerie BENSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.84-93 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Asperger's syndrome  theory of mind  information processing  eye movements  scene perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study examined how eye movements during scene viewing are modulated by adopting psychological perspectives in both adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing adults. In the current study, participants viewed house scenes with either non-perspective-taking (look for valuable items/features of the house that need fixing) or perspective-taking instructions (imagine that you are a burglar/repairman) while their eye movements were recorded. The eye movement measures revealed that for the “look for the valuable items” and burglar perspective task, the ASD group showed typical relevance effects (the preference to look at schema-relevant compared with schema-irrelevant targets) in their eye movements. However, we found subtle processing differences between the groups that were related to initial orienting to and processing of schema-relevant items for the “look for the features that need fixing” and the repairman perspective-taking task. There was an absence of a relevance effect for the ASD group for the repairman perspective and its non-perspective-taking equivalent instruction showing that the identification of items relevant to those schemas was more difficult for the ASD group. The present findings suggest that resolving ambiguity may be a defining feature of complex information processing deficits in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1352 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Cognitive Perspective-Taking During Scene Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Eye Movements [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sheena K. AU-YEUNG, Auteur ; Johanna K. KAAKINEN, Auteur ; Valerie BENSON, Auteur . - p.84-93. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.84-93 Mots-clés : autism  Asperger's syndrome  theory of mind  information processing  eye movements  scene perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study examined how eye movements during scene viewing are modulated by adopting psychological perspectives in both adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing adults. In the current study, participants viewed house scenes with either non-perspective-taking (look for valuable items/features of the house that need fixing) or perspective-taking instructions (imagine that you are a burglar/repairman) while their eye movements were recorded. The eye movement measures revealed that for the “look for the valuable items” and burglar perspective task, the ASD group showed typical relevance effects (the preference to look at schema-relevant compared with schema-irrelevant targets) in their eye movements. However, we found subtle processing differences between the groups that were related to initial orienting to and processing of schema-relevant items for the “look for the features that need fixing” and the repairman perspective-taking task. There was an absence of a relevance effect for the ASD group for the repairman perspective and its non-perspective-taking equivalent instruction showing that the identification of items relevant to those schemas was more difficult for the ASD group. The present findings suggest that resolving ambiguity may be a defining feature of complex information processing deficits in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1352 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Increased Prepulse Inhibition and Sensitization of the Startle Reflex in Autistic Children / Gitte Falcher MADSEN in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.94-103 Titre : Increased Prepulse Inhibition and Sensitization of the Startle Reflex in Autistic Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.94-103 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  PPI  sensorimotor gating  sensitization  children  auditory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relation between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia is a subject of intense debate and research due to evidence of common neurobiological pathways in the two disorders. The objective of this study was to explore whether deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, as usually seen in schizophrenic patients, can be replicated in a group of children with ASD in comparison with a group of matched neuro-typically developed (NTD) controls. An additional aim was to explore possible psychophysiological subgroups within our ASD sample. In a case-control design, 35 ASD patients and 40 matched NTD controls were tested in a psychophysiological test battery. The PPI of the acoustic startle reflex was analyzed in 18 ASD subjects and 34 NTD controls. Habituation and sensitization were analyzed in 23 ASD subjects and 39 NTD controls. In trials with less intense prestimuli (76?dB), patients with ASD did not display the drop in percentage PPI normally found in healthy controls. In addition, ASD patients showed significantly increased sensitization compared with NTD controls. Combined, our results may reflect the hypersensitivity to sensory information in children with ASD. The relation to PPI deficits observed in schizophrenia is not apparent. Future research should study the developmental course of PPI deficits in ASD patients in a longitudinal design. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Increased Prepulse Inhibition and Sensitization of the Startle Reflex in Autistic Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur . - p.94-103. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.94-103 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  PPI  sensorimotor gating  sensitization  children  auditory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relation between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia is a subject of intense debate and research due to evidence of common neurobiological pathways in the two disorders. The objective of this study was to explore whether deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, as usually seen in schizophrenic patients, can be replicated in a group of children with ASD in comparison with a group of matched neuro-typically developed (NTD) controls. An additional aim was to explore possible psychophysiological subgroups within our ASD sample. In a case-control design, 35 ASD patients and 40 matched NTD controls were tested in a psychophysiological test battery. The PPI of the acoustic startle reflex was analyzed in 18 ASD subjects and 34 NTD controls. Habituation and sensitization were analyzed in 23 ASD subjects and 39 NTD controls. In trials with less intense prestimuli (76?dB), patients with ASD did not display the drop in percentage PPI normally found in healthy controls. In addition, ASD patients showed significantly increased sensitization compared with NTD controls. Combined, our results may reflect the hypersensitivity to sensory information in children with ASD. The relation to PPI deficits observed in schizophrenia is not apparent. Future research should study the developmental course of PPI deficits in ASD patients in a longitudinal design. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Self-Rated Social Skills Predict Visual Perception: Impairments in Object Discrimination Requiring Transient Attention Associated with High Autistic Tendency / Robin LAYCOCK in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.104-111 Titre : Self-Rated Social Skills Predict Visual Perception: Impairments in Object Discrimination Requiring Transient Attention Associated with High Autistic Tendency Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Robin LAYCOCK, Auteur ; Alana Jade CROSS, Auteur ; Felicity DALLE NOGARE, Auteur ; Sheila Gillard CREWTHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.104-111 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  dorsal stream  ventral stream  object discrimination  attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is usually defined by impairments in the social domain but has also been linked to deficient dorsal visual stream processing. However, inconsistent findings make the nature of this relationship unclear and thus, we examined the role of stimulus-driven transient attention, presumably activated by the dorsal stream in autistic tendency. Contrast thresholds for object discrimination were compared between groups with high and low self-rated autistic tendency utilizing the socially based Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Visual stimuli were presented with either abrupt or with ramped contrast onsets/offsets in order to manipulate the demands of transient attention. Larger impairments in performance of abrupt compared with ramped object presentation were established in the high AQ group. Furthermore, self-reported social skills predicted abrupt task performance, suggesting an important visual perception deficiency in autism-related traits. Autism spectrum disorder may be associated with reduced utilization of the dorsal stream to rapidly activate attention prior to ventral stream processing when stimuli are transient. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Self-Rated Social Skills Predict Visual Perception: Impairments in Object Discrimination Requiring Transient Attention Associated with High Autistic Tendency [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Robin LAYCOCK, Auteur ; Alana Jade CROSS, Auteur ; Felicity DALLE NOGARE, Auteur ; Sheila Gillard CREWTHER, Auteur . - p.104-111. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.104-111 Mots-clés : autism  dorsal stream  ventral stream  object discrimination  attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is usually defined by impairments in the social domain but has also been linked to deficient dorsal visual stream processing. However, inconsistent findings make the nature of this relationship unclear and thus, we examined the role of stimulus-driven transient attention, presumably activated by the dorsal stream in autistic tendency. Contrast thresholds for object discrimination were compared between groups with high and low self-rated autistic tendency utilizing the socially based Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Visual stimuli were presented with either abrupt or with ramped contrast onsets/offsets in order to manipulate the demands of transient attention. Larger impairments in performance of abrupt compared with ramped object presentation were established in the high AQ group. Furthermore, self-reported social skills predicted abrupt task performance, suggesting an important visual perception deficiency in autism-related traits. Autism spectrum disorder may be associated with reduced utilization of the dorsal stream to rapidly activate attention prior to ventral stream processing when stimuli are transient. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Can Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders Infer What Happened to Someone From Their Emotional Response? / Sarah A. CASSIDY in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.112-123 Titre : Can Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders Infer What Happened to Someone From Their Emotional Response? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Danielle ROPAR, Auteur ; Peter MITCHELL, Auteur ; Peter CHAPMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.112-123 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  retrodictive mindreading  eye tracking  spontaneous emotion recognition  face processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Can adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) infer what happened to someone from their emotional response? Millikan has argued that in everyday life, others' emotions are most commonly used to work out the antecedents of behavior, an ability termed retrodictive mindreading. As those with ASD show difficulties interpreting others' emotions, we predicted that these individuals would have difficulty with retrodictive mindreading. Sixteen adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome and 19 typically developing adults viewed 21 video clips of people reacting to one of three gifts (chocolate, monopoly money, or a homemade novelty) and then inferred what gift the recipient received and the emotion expressed by that person. Participants' eye movements were recorded while they viewed the videos. Results showed that participants with ASD were only less accurate when inferring who received a chocolate or homemade gift. This difficulty was not due to lack of understanding what emotions were appropriate in response to each gift, as both groups gave consistent gift and emotion inferences significantly above chance (genuine positive for chocolate and feigned positive for homemade). Those with ASD did not look significantly less to the eyes of faces in the videos, and looking to the eyes did not correlate with accuracy on the task. These results suggest that those with ASD are less accurate when retrodicting events involving recognition of genuine and feigned positive emotions, and challenge claims that lack of attention to the eyes causes emotion recognition difficulties in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1351 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Can Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders Infer What Happened to Someone From Their Emotional Response? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Danielle ROPAR, Auteur ; Peter MITCHELL, Auteur ; Peter CHAPMAN, Auteur . - p.112-123. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.112-123 Mots-clés : autism  retrodictive mindreading  eye tracking  spontaneous emotion recognition  face processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Can adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) infer what happened to someone from their emotional response? Millikan has argued that in everyday life, others' emotions are most commonly used to work out the antecedents of behavior, an ability termed retrodictive mindreading. As those with ASD show difficulties interpreting others' emotions, we predicted that these individuals would have difficulty with retrodictive mindreading. Sixteen adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome and 19 typically developing adults viewed 21 video clips of people reacting to one of three gifts (chocolate, monopoly money, or a homemade novelty) and then inferred what gift the recipient received and the emotion expressed by that person. Participants' eye movements were recorded while they viewed the videos. Results showed that participants with ASD were only less accurate when inferring who received a chocolate or homemade gift. This difficulty was not due to lack of understanding what emotions were appropriate in response to each gift, as both groups gave consistent gift and emotion inferences significantly above chance (genuine positive for chocolate and feigned positive for homemade). Those with ASD did not look significantly less to the eyes of faces in the videos, and looking to the eyes did not correlate with accuracy on the task. These results suggest that those with ASD are less accurate when retrodicting events involving recognition of genuine and feigned positive emotions, and challenge claims that lack of attention to the eyes causes emotion recognition difficulties in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1351 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Genetic Effects on Cerebellar Structure Across Mouse Models of Autism Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Atlas / Patrick E. STEADMAN in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.124-137 Titre : Genetic Effects on Cerebellar Structure Across Mouse Models of Autism Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Atlas Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Patrick E. STEADMAN, Auteur ; Jacob ELLEGOOD, Auteur ; Kamila U. SZULC, Auteur ; Daniel H. TURNBULL, Auteur ; Alexandra L. JOYNER, Auteur ; R. Mark HENKELMAN, Auteur ; Jason LERCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.124-137 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : animal models  neuroimaging  neuroanatomy  structural MRI  genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of autism populations is confounded by the inherent heterogeneity in the individuals' genetics and environment, two factors difficult to control for. Imaging genetic animal models that recapitulate a mutation associated with autism quantify the impact of genetics on brain morphology and mitigate the confounding factors in human studies. Here, we used MRI to image three genetic mouse models with single mutations implicated in autism: Neuroligin-3 R451C knock-in, Methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) 308-truncation and integrin ?3 homozygous knockout. This study identified the morphological differences specific to the cerebellum, a structure repeatedly linked to autism in human neuroimaging and postmortem studies. To accomplish a comparative analysis, a segmented cerebellum template was created and used to segment each study image. This template delineated 39 different cerebellar structures. For Neuroligin-3 R451C male mutants, the gray (effect size (ES)?=?1.94, FDR q?=?0.03) and white (ES?=?1.84, q?=?0.037) matter of crus II lobule and the gray matter of the paraflocculus (ES?=?1.45, q?=?0.045) were larger in volume. The MECP2 mutant mice had cerebellar volume changes that increased in scope depending on the genotype: hemizygous males to homozygous females. The integrin ?3 mutant mouse had a drastically smaller cerebellum than controls with 28 out of 39 cerebellar structures smaller. These imaging results are discussed in relation to repetitive behaviors, sociability, and learning in the context of autism. This work further illuminates the cerebellum's role in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1344 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Genetic Effects on Cerebellar Structure Across Mouse Models of Autism Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Atlas [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Patrick E. STEADMAN, Auteur ; Jacob ELLEGOOD, Auteur ; Kamila U. SZULC, Auteur ; Daniel H. TURNBULL, Auteur ; Alexandra L. JOYNER, Auteur ; R. Mark HENKELMAN, Auteur ; Jason LERCH, Auteur . - p.124-137. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.124-137 Mots-clés : animal models  neuroimaging  neuroanatomy  structural MRI  genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of autism populations is confounded by the inherent heterogeneity in the individuals' genetics and environment, two factors difficult to control for. Imaging genetic animal models that recapitulate a mutation associated with autism quantify the impact of genetics on brain morphology and mitigate the confounding factors in human studies. Here, we used MRI to image three genetic mouse models with single mutations implicated in autism: Neuroligin-3 R451C knock-in, Methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) 308-truncation and integrin ?3 homozygous knockout. This study identified the morphological differences specific to the cerebellum, a structure repeatedly linked to autism in human neuroimaging and postmortem studies. To accomplish a comparative analysis, a segmented cerebellum template was created and used to segment each study image. This template delineated 39 different cerebellar structures. For Neuroligin-3 R451C male mutants, the gray (effect size (ES)?=?1.94, FDR q?=?0.03) and white (ES?=?1.84, q?=?0.037) matter of crus II lobule and the gray matter of the paraflocculus (ES?=?1.45, q?=?0.045) were larger in volume. The MECP2 mutant mice had cerebellar volume changes that increased in scope depending on the genotype: hemizygous males to homozygous females. The integrin ?3 mutant mouse had a drastically smaller cerebellum than controls with 28 out of 39 cerebellar structures smaller. These imaging results are discussed in relation to repetitive behaviors, sociability, and learning in the context of autism. This work further illuminates the cerebellum's role in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1344 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Rare Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Regulatory Regions of the Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Jernej KOVAC in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.138-144 Titre : Rare Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Regulatory Regions of the Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jernej KOVAC, Auteur ; Marta MACEDONI LUKSIC, Auteur ; Katarina TREBUSAK PODKRAJŠEK, Auteur ; Gašper KLANCAR, Auteur ; Tadej BATTELINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.138-144 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  superoxide dismutase  genetic variants  oxidative stress  ROS Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Oxidative stress is suspected to be one of the several contributing factors in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We analyzed genes of the superoxide dismutase family (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) that are part of a major antioxidative stress system in human in order to detect the genetic variants contributing to the development of ASD. Using the optimized high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, we identified two rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the etiology of ASD. Both are located in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene and have a minor allele frequency in healthy population ?5%. The SNP c.239?+?34AC (rs2234694) and SNP g.3341CG (rs36233090) were detected with an odds ratio of 2.65 and P??0.01. Both are located in the noncoding potentially regulatory regions of the SOD1 gene. This adds to the importance of rare SNPs in the etiology of complex diseases as well as to the importance of noncoding genetic variants analysis with a potential influence on the regulation of gene expression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1345 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Rare Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Regulatory Regions of the Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jernej KOVAC, Auteur ; Marta MACEDONI LUKSIC, Auteur ; Katarina TREBUSAK PODKRAJŠEK, Auteur ; Gašper KLANCAR, Auteur ; Tadej BATTELINO, Auteur . - p.138-144. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.138-144 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  superoxide dismutase  genetic variants  oxidative stress  ROS Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Oxidative stress is suspected to be one of the several contributing factors in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We analyzed genes of the superoxide dismutase family (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) that are part of a major antioxidative stress system in human in order to detect the genetic variants contributing to the development of ASD. Using the optimized high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, we identified two rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the etiology of ASD. Both are located in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene and have a minor allele frequency in healthy population ?5%. The SNP c.239?+?34AC (rs2234694) and SNP g.3341CG (rs36233090) were detected with an odds ratio of 2.65 and P??0.01. Both are located in the noncoding potentially regulatory regions of the SOD1 gene. This adds to the importance of rare SNPs in the etiology of complex diseases as well as to the importance of noncoding genetic variants analysis with a potential influence on the regulation of gene expression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1345 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Korean Version of the PEERS® Parent-Assisted Social Skills Training Program for Teens With ASD / Hee-Jeong YOO in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.145-161 Titre : A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Korean Version of the PEERS® Parent-Assisted Social Skills Training Program for Teens With ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hee-Jeong YOO, Auteur ; Geonho BAHN, Auteur ; In Hee CHO, Auteur ; Eun-Kyung KIM, Auteur ; Joo-Hyun KIM, Auteur ; Jung-Won MIN, Auteur ; Won-Hye LEE, Auteur ; Jun-Seong SEO, Auteur ; Sang-Shin JUN, Auteur ; Guiyoung BONG, Auteur ; Soochurl CHO, Auteur ; Min-Sup SHIN, Auteur ; Bung-Nyun KIM, Auteur ; Jae-Won KIM, Auteur ; Subin PARK, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. LAUGESON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.145-161 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : social skills intervention  intervention  clinical psychiatry  adolescents  pediatrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired social functioning is a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often requiring treatment throughout the life span. PEERS® (Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills) is a parent-assisted social skills training for teens with ASD. Although PEERS® has an established evidence base in improving the social skills of adolescents and young adults with ASD in North America, the efficacy of this treatment has yet to be established in cross-cultural validation trials. The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility and treatment efficacy of a Korean version of PEERS® for enhancing social skills through a randomized controlled trial (RCT).The English version of the PEERS® Treatment Manual (Laugeson Frankel, 2010) was translated into Korean and reviewed by 21 child mental health professionals. Items identified as culturally sensitive were surveyed by 447 middle school students, and material was modified accordingly. Participants included 47 teens between 12 and 18 years of age with a diagnosis of ASD and a verbal intelligence quotient (IQ)???65. Eligible teens were randomly assigned to a treatment group (TG) or delayed treatment control group (CG). Primary outcome measures included questionnaires and direct observations quantifying social ability and problems directly related to ASD. Secondary outcome measures included scales for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and other behavioral problems. Rating scales for parental depressive symptoms and anxiety were examined to detect changes in parental psychosocial functioning throughout the PEERS® treatment. Independent samples t-tests revealed no significant differences at baseline across the TG and CG conditions with regard to age (14.04?±?1.64 and 13.54?±?1.50 years), IQ (99.39?±?18.09 100.67?±?16.97), parental education, socioeconomic status, or ASD symptoms (p??0.05), respectively. Results for treatment outcome suggest that the TG showed significant improvement in communication and social interaction domain scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, interpersonal relationship and play/leisure time on the subdomain scores of the Korean version of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (p's??0.01), social skills knowledge total scores on the Test of Adolescent Social Skills Knowledge—Revised (p??0.01), and decreased depressive symptoms on the Child Depression Inventory following treatment (p??0.05). Analyses of parental outcome reveal a significant decrease in maternal state anxiety in the TG after controlling for potential confounding variables (p??0.05). Despite cultural and linguistic differences, the PEERS® social skills intervention appears to be efficacious for teens with ASD in Korea with modest cultural adjustment. In an RCT, participants receiving the PEERS® treatment showed significant improvement in social skills knowledge, interpersonal skills, and play/leisure skills, as well as a decrease in depressive symptoms and ASD symptoms. This study represents one of only a few cross-cultural validation trials of an established evidence-based treatment for adolescents with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1354 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Korean Version of the PEERS® Parent-Assisted Social Skills Training Program for Teens With ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hee-Jeong YOO, Auteur ; Geonho BAHN, Auteur ; In Hee CHO, Auteur ; Eun-Kyung KIM, Auteur ; Joo-Hyun KIM, Auteur ; Jung-Won MIN, Auteur ; Won-Hye LEE, Auteur ; Jun-Seong SEO, Auteur ; Sang-Shin JUN, Auteur ; Guiyoung BONG, Auteur ; Soochurl CHO, Auteur ; Min-Sup SHIN, Auteur ; Bung-Nyun KIM, Auteur ; Jae-Won KIM, Auteur ; Subin PARK, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. LAUGESON, Auteur . - p.145-161. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.145-161 Mots-clés : social skills intervention  intervention  clinical psychiatry  adolescents  pediatrics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired social functioning is a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often requiring treatment throughout the life span. PEERS® (Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills) is a parent-assisted social skills training for teens with ASD. Although PEERS® has an established evidence base in improving the social skills of adolescents and young adults with ASD in North America, the efficacy of this treatment has yet to be established in cross-cultural validation trials. The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility and treatment efficacy of a Korean version of PEERS® for enhancing social skills through a randomized controlled trial (RCT).The English version of the PEERS® Treatment Manual (Laugeson Frankel, 2010) was translated into Korean and reviewed by 21 child mental health professionals. Items identified as culturally sensitive were surveyed by 447 middle school students, and material was modified accordingly. Participants included 47 teens between 12 and 18 years of age with a diagnosis of ASD and a verbal intelligence quotient (IQ)???65. Eligible teens were randomly assigned to a treatment group (TG) or delayed treatment control group (CG). Primary outcome measures included questionnaires and direct observations quantifying social ability and problems directly related to ASD. Secondary outcome measures included scales for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and other behavioral problems. Rating scales for parental depressive symptoms and anxiety were examined to detect changes in parental psychosocial functioning throughout the PEERS® treatment. Independent samples t-tests revealed no significant differences at baseline across the TG and CG conditions with regard to age (14.04?±?1.64 and 13.54?±?1.50 years), IQ (99.39?±?18.09 100.67?±?16.97), parental education, socioeconomic status, or ASD symptoms (p??0.05), respectively. Results for treatment outcome suggest that the TG showed significant improvement in communication and social interaction domain scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, interpersonal relationship and play/leisure time on the subdomain scores of the Korean version of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (p's??0.01), social skills knowledge total scores on the Test of Adolescent Social Skills Knowledge—Revised (p??0.01), and decreased depressive symptoms on the Child Depression Inventory following treatment (p??0.05). Analyses of parental outcome reveal a significant decrease in maternal state anxiety in the TG after controlling for potential confounding variables (p??0.05). Despite cultural and linguistic differences, the PEERS® social skills intervention appears to be efficacious for teens with ASD in Korea with modest cultural adjustment. In an RCT, participants receiving the PEERS® treatment showed significant improvement in social skills knowledge, interpersonal skills, and play/leisure skills, as well as a decrease in depressive symptoms and ASD symptoms. This study represents one of only a few cross-cultural validation trials of an established evidence-based treatment for adolescents with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1354 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Evidence for Interaction Between Markers in GABA(A) Receptor Subunit Genes in an Argentinean Autism Spectrum Disorder Population / Carla V. SESARINI in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.162-166 Titre : Evidence for Interaction Between Markers in GABA(A) Receptor Subunit Genes in an Argentinean Autism Spectrum Disorder Population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla V. SESARINI, Auteur ; Lucas COSTA, Auteur ; Muriel NAYMARK, Auteur ; Nora GRANANA, Auteur ; Andrea R. CAJAL, Auteur ; Miguel GARCÍA COTO, Auteur ; Roberto C. PALLIA, Auteur ; Pablo F. ARGIBAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.162-166 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  GABA(A) receptor subunits polymorphisms  multifactor dimensionality reduction method  Argentinean population Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be conceptualized as a genetic dysfunction that disrupts development and function of brain circuits mediating social cognition and language. At least some forms of ASD may be associated with high level of excitation in neural circuits, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in its etiology. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located within the GABA receptor (GABAR) subunit genes GABRA1, GABRG2, GABRB3, and GABRD were screened. A hundred and thirty-six Argentinean ASD patients and 150 controls were studied, and the contribution of the SNPs in the etiology of ASD was evaluated independently and/or through gene–gene interaction using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. From the 18 SNP studied, 11 were not present in our Argentinean population (patients and controls) and 1 SNP had minor allele frequency ?0.1%. For the remaining six SNPs, none provided statistical significant association with ASD when considering allelic or genotypic frequencies. Non-significant association with ASD was found for the haplotype analysis. MDR identified evidence for synergy between markers in GABRB3 (chromosome 15) and GABRD (chromosome 1), suggesting potential gene–gene interaction across chromosomes associated with increased risk for autism (testing balanced accuracy: 0.6081 and cross-validation consistency: 10/10, P??0.001). Considering our Argentinean ASD sample, it can be inferred that GABRB3 would be involved in the etiology of autism through interaction with GABRD. These results support the hypothesis that GABAR subunit genes are involved in autism, most likely via complex gene–gene interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1353 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Evidence for Interaction Between Markers in GABA(A) Receptor Subunit Genes in an Argentinean Autism Spectrum Disorder Population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla V. SESARINI, Auteur ; Lucas COSTA, Auteur ; Muriel NAYMARK, Auteur ; Nora GRANANA, Auteur ; Andrea R. CAJAL, Auteur ; Miguel GARCÍA COTO, Auteur ; Roberto C. PALLIA, Auteur ; Pablo F. ARGIBAY, Auteur . - p.162-166. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.162-166 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  GABA(A) receptor subunits polymorphisms  multifactor dimensionality reduction method  Argentinean population Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be conceptualized as a genetic dysfunction that disrupts development and function of brain circuits mediating social cognition and language. At least some forms of ASD may be associated with high level of excitation in neural circuits, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been implicated in its etiology. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located within the GABA receptor (GABAR) subunit genes GABRA1, GABRG2, GABRB3, and GABRD were screened. A hundred and thirty-six Argentinean ASD patients and 150 controls were studied, and the contribution of the SNPs in the etiology of ASD was evaluated independently and/or through gene–gene interaction using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. From the 18 SNP studied, 11 were not present in our Argentinean population (patients and controls) and 1 SNP had minor allele frequency ?0.1%. For the remaining six SNPs, none provided statistical significant association with ASD when considering allelic or genotypic frequencies. Non-significant association with ASD was found for the haplotype analysis. MDR identified evidence for synergy between markers in GABRB3 (chromosome 15) and GABRD (chromosome 1), suggesting potential gene–gene interaction across chromosomes associated with increased risk for autism (testing balanced accuracy: 0.6081 and cross-validation consistency: 10/10, P??0.001). Considering our Argentinean ASD sample, it can be inferred that GABRB3 would be involved in the etiology of autism through interaction with GABRD. These results support the hypothesis that GABAR subunit genes are involved in autism, most likely via complex gene–gene interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1353 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Classification of Functioning and Impairment: The Development of ICF Core Sets for Autism Spectrum Disorder / Sven BÖLTE in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.167-172 Titre : Classification of Functioning and Impairment: The Development of ICF Core Sets for Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Elles DE SCHIPPER, Auteur ; John Elder ROBISON, Auteur ; Virginia C.N. WONG, Auteur ; Melissa SELB, Auteur ; Nidhi SINGHAL, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.167-172 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : neurodevelopmental disorders  autistic disorder  assessment  children and youth  psychiatry  mental health  health care  ICF  ICF Core Set Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Given the variability seen in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), accurate quantification of functioning is vital to studying outcome and quality of life in affected individuals. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a comprehensive, universally accepted framework for the description of health-related functioning. ICF Core Sets are shortlists of ICF categories that are selected to capture those aspects of functioning that are most relevant when describing a person with a specific condition. In this paper, the authors preview the process for developing ICF Core Sets for ASD, a collaboration with the World Health Organization and the ICF Research Branch. The ICF Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) was derived from the ICF and designed to capture the specific situation of the developing child. As ASD affects individuals throughout the life span, and the ICF-CY includes all ICF categories, the ICF-CY will be used in this project (“ICF(-CY)” from now on). The ICF(-CY) categories to be included in the ICF Core Sets for ASD will be determined at an ICF Core Set Consensus Conference, where evidence from four preparatory studies (a systematic review, an expert survey, a patient and caregiver qualitative study, and a clinical cross-sectional study) will be integrated. Comprehensive and Brief ICF Core Sets for ASD will be developed with the goal of providing useful standards for research and clinical practice and generating a common language for functioning and impairment in ASD in different areas of life and across the life span. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1335 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Classification of Functioning and Impairment: The Development of ICF Core Sets for Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Elles DE SCHIPPER, Auteur ; John Elder ROBISON, Auteur ; Virginia C.N. WONG, Auteur ; Melissa SELB, Auteur ; Nidhi SINGHAL, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur . - p.167-172. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.167-172 Mots-clés : neurodevelopmental disorders  autistic disorder  assessment  children and youth  psychiatry  mental health  health care  ICF  ICF Core Set Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Given the variability seen in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), accurate quantification of functioning is vital to studying outcome and quality of life in affected individuals. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a comprehensive, universally accepted framework for the description of health-related functioning. ICF Core Sets are shortlists of ICF categories that are selected to capture those aspects of functioning that are most relevant when describing a person with a specific condition. In this paper, the authors preview the process for developing ICF Core Sets for ASD, a collaboration with the World Health Organization and the ICF Research Branch. The ICF Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) was derived from the ICF and designed to capture the specific situation of the developing child. As ASD affects individuals throughout the life span, and the ICF-CY includes all ICF categories, the ICF-CY will be used in this project (“ICF(-CY)” from now on). The ICF(-CY) categories to be included in the ICF Core Sets for ASD will be determined at an ICF Core Set Consensus Conference, where evidence from four preparatory studies (a systematic review, an expert survey, a patient and caregiver qualitative study, and a clinical cross-sectional study) will be integrated. Comprehensive and Brief ICF Core Sets for ASD will be developed with the goal of providing useful standards for research and clinical practice and generating a common language for functioning and impairment in ASD in different areas of life and across the life span. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1335 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Lay Abstract in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.173-179 Titre : Lay Abstract Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.173-179 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1372 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Lay Abstract [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.173-179. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.173-179 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1372 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

International Society For Autism Research News / Francesca HAPPE in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.180-180 Titre : International Society For Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.180-180 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] International Society For Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.180-180. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.180-180 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1373 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227