Dépouillements

Editorial: Data repositories, registries, and standards in the search for valid and reproducible biomarkers / Bradley S. PETERSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.929-931 Titre : Editorial: Data repositories, registries, and standards in the search for valid and reproducible biomarkers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.929-931 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : repositories  registries  standards  biomarkers  imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The paucity of major scientific breakthroughs leading to new or improved treatments, and the inability to identify valid and reproducible biomarkers that improve clinical management, has produced a crisis in confidence in the validity of our pathogenic theories and the reproducibility of our research findings. This crisis in turn has driven changes in standards for research methodologies and prompted calls for the creation of open-access data repositories and the preregistration of research hypotheses. Although we should embrace the creation of repositories and registries, and the promise for greater statistical power, reproducibility, and generalizability of research findings they afford, we should also recognize that they alone are no substitute for sound design in minimizing study confounds, and they are no guarantor of faith in the validity of our pathogenic theories, findings, and biomarkers. One way, and maybe the only sure way, of knowing that we have a valid understanding of brain processes and disease mechanisms in human studies is by experimentally manipulating variables and predicting its effects on outcome measures and biomarkers. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12962 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Editorial: Data repositories, registries, and standards in the search for valid and reproducible biomarkers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur . - p.929-931. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.929-931 Mots-clés : repositories  registries  standards  biomarkers  imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The paucity of major scientific breakthroughs leading to new or improved treatments, and the inability to identify valid and reproducible biomarkers that improve clinical management, has produced a crisis in confidence in the validity of our pathogenic theories and the reproducibility of our research findings. This crisis in turn has driven changes in standards for research methodologies and prompted calls for the creation of open-access data repositories and the preregistration of research hypotheses. Although we should embrace the creation of repositories and registries, and the promise for greater statistical power, reproducibility, and generalizability of research findings they afford, we should also recognize that they alone are no substitute for sound design in minimizing study confounds, and they are no guarantor of faith in the validity of our pathogenic theories, findings, and biomarkers. One way, and maybe the only sure way, of knowing that we have a valid understanding of brain processes and disease mechanisms in human studies is by experimentally manipulating variables and predicting its effects on outcome measures and biomarkers. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12962 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Practitioner Review: Current best practice in the use of parent training and other behavioural interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / David DALEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.932-947 Titre : Practitioner Review: Current best practice in the use of parent training and other behavioural interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David DALEY, Auteur ; Saskia VAN DER OORD, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Marina DANCKAERTS, Auteur ; Manfred DOEPFNER, Auteur ; Barbara J. VAN DEN HOOFDAKKER, Auteur ; David COGHILL, Auteur ; Margaret THOMPSON, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Ralf W. DITTMANN, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur ; Martin HOLTMANN, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Paramala SANTOSH, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Cesar SOUTULLO, Auteur ; Hans Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Eric TAYLOR, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur ; Alessandro ZUDDAS, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.932-947 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  behaviour therapy  conduct disorder  parent training  treatment trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Behavioural interventions are recommended for use with children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, specific guidance for their implementation based on the best available evidence is currently lacking. Methods This review used an explicit question and answer format to address issues of clinical concern, based on expert interpretation of the evidence with precedence given to meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Results On the basis of current evidence that takes into account whether outcomes are blinded, behavioural intervention cannot be supported as a front-line treatment for core ADHD symptoms. There is, however, evidence from measures that are probably blinded that these interventions benefit parenting practices and improve conduct problems which commonly co-occur with ADHD, and are often the main reason for referral. Initial positive results have also been found in relation to parental knowledge, children's emotional, social and academic functioning ? although most studies have not used blinded outcomes. Generic and specialised ADHD parent training approaches ? delivered either individually or in groups ? have reported beneficial effects. High-quality training, supervision of therapists and practice with the child, may improve outcomes but further evidence is required. Evidence for who benefits the most from behavioural interventions is scant. There is no evidence to limit behavioural treatments to parents with parenting difficulties or children with conduct problems. There are positive effects of additive school-based intervention for the inattentive subtype. Targeting parental depression may enhance the effects of behavioural interventions. Conclusions Parent training is an important part of the multimodal treatment of children with ADHD, which improves parenting, reduces levels of oppositional and noncompliant behaviours and may improve other aspects of functioning. However, blinded evidence does not support it as a specific treatment for core ADHD symptoms. More research is required to understand how to optimise treatment effectiveness either in general or for individual patients and explore potential barriers to treatment uptake and engagement. In terms of selecting which intervention formats to use, it seems important to acknowledge and respond to parental treatment preferences. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12825 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Practitioner Review: Current best practice in the use of parent training and other behavioural interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David DALEY, Auteur ; Saskia VAN DER OORD, Auteur ; Maite FERRIN, Auteur ; Samuele CORTESE, Auteur ; Marina DANCKAERTS, Auteur ; Manfred DOEPFNER, Auteur ; Barbara J. VAN DEN HOOFDAKKER, Auteur ; David COGHILL, Auteur ; Margaret THOMPSON, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Ralf W. DITTMANN, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur ; Martin HOLTMANN, Auteur ; Eric KONOFAL, Auteur ; Michel LECENDREUX, Auteur ; Aribert ROTHENBERGER, Auteur ; Paramala SANTOSH, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Cesar SOUTULLO, Auteur ; Hans Christoph STEINHAUSEN, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Eric TAYLOR, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur ; Alessandro ZUDDAS, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.932-947. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.932-947 Mots-clés : ADHD  behaviour therapy  conduct disorder  parent training  treatment trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Behavioural interventions are recommended for use with children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, specific guidance for their implementation based on the best available evidence is currently lacking. Methods This review used an explicit question and answer format to address issues of clinical concern, based on expert interpretation of the evidence with precedence given to meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Results On the basis of current evidence that takes into account whether outcomes are blinded, behavioural intervention cannot be supported as a front-line treatment for core ADHD symptoms. There is, however, evidence from measures that are probably blinded that these interventions benefit parenting practices and improve conduct problems which commonly co-occur with ADHD, and are often the main reason for referral. Initial positive results have also been found in relation to parental knowledge, children's emotional, social and academic functioning ? although most studies have not used blinded outcomes. Generic and specialised ADHD parent training approaches ? delivered either individually or in groups ? have reported beneficial effects. High-quality training, supervision of therapists and practice with the child, may improve outcomes but further evidence is required. Evidence for who benefits the most from behavioural interventions is scant. There is no evidence to limit behavioural treatments to parents with parenting difficulties or children with conduct problems. There are positive effects of additive school-based intervention for the inattentive subtype. Targeting parental depression may enhance the effects of behavioural interventions. Conclusions Parent training is an important part of the multimodal treatment of children with ADHD, which improves parenting, reduces levels of oppositional and noncompliant behaviours and may improve other aspects of functioning. However, blinded evidence does not support it as a specific treatment for core ADHD symptoms. More research is required to understand how to optimise treatment effectiveness either in general or for individual patients and explore potential barriers to treatment uptake and engagement. In terms of selecting which intervention formats to use, it seems important to acknowledge and respond to parental treatment preferences. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12825 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Method of self-harm in adolescents and young adults and risk of subsequent suicide / Karin BECKMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.948-956 Titre : Method of self-harm in adolescents and young adults and risk of subsequent suicide Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karin BECKMAN, Auteur ; Ellenor MITTENDORFER-RUTZ, Auteur ; Margda WAERN, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Bo RUNESON, Auteur ; Marie DAHLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.948-956 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  epidemiology  mental health  self-harm  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Self-harm is common in youth and an important risk factor for suicide. Certain self-harm methods might indicate a higher risk of suicide. The main aim of this study was to determine whether some methods of self-harm in adolescents (10?17 years) and young adults (18?24 years) are associated with a particularly high risk of suicide. A secondary aim was to ascertain how different self-harm methods might affect the probability of psychiatric follow-up. Method Five Swedish registers were linked in a national population-based cohort study. All nonfatal self-harm events recorded in specialist health care, excluding psychiatry and primary care services, among 10?24 year olds between 2000 and 2009 were included. Methods were classified as poisoning, cutting/piercing, violent method (gassing, hanging, strangulation/suffocation, drowning, jumping and firearms), other and multiple methods. Hazard Ratios (HR) for suicide were calculated in Cox regression models for each method with poisoning as the reference. Odds Ratios (OR) for psychiatric inpatient care were determined in logistic regression models. Analyses were adjusted for important covariates and stratified by age group and treatment setting (inpatient/outpatient). Results Among adolescents with initial medical hospitalisation, use of a violent method was associated with a near eightfold increase in HR for suicide compared to self-poisoning in the adjusted analysis [HR 7.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2?19.0]. Among hospitalised young adult women, adjusted HRs were elevated fourfold for both cutting [4.0 (1.9?8.8)] and violent methods [3.9 (1.5?10.6)]. Method of self-harm did not affect suicide risk in young adult men. Adolescents using violent methods had an increased probability of psychiatric inpatient care following initial treatment for self-harm. Conclusions Violent self-harm requiring medical hospitalisation may signal particularly high risk of future suicide in adolescents (both sexes) and in young adult women. For the latter group this is the case for cutting requiring hospitalisation as well. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12883 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Method of self-harm in adolescents and young adults and risk of subsequent suicide [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karin BECKMAN, Auteur ; Ellenor MITTENDORFER-RUTZ, Auteur ; Margda WAERN, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Bo RUNESON, Auteur ; Marie DAHLIN, Auteur . - p.948-956. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.948-956 Mots-clés : Adolescence  epidemiology  mental health  self-harm  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Self-harm is common in youth and an important risk factor for suicide. Certain self-harm methods might indicate a higher risk of suicide. The main aim of this study was to determine whether some methods of self-harm in adolescents (10?17 years) and young adults (18?24 years) are associated with a particularly high risk of suicide. A secondary aim was to ascertain how different self-harm methods might affect the probability of psychiatric follow-up. Method Five Swedish registers were linked in a national population-based cohort study. All nonfatal self-harm events recorded in specialist health care, excluding psychiatry and primary care services, among 10?24 year olds between 2000 and 2009 were included. Methods were classified as poisoning, cutting/piercing, violent method (gassing, hanging, strangulation/suffocation, drowning, jumping and firearms), other and multiple methods. Hazard Ratios (HR) for suicide were calculated in Cox regression models for each method with poisoning as the reference. Odds Ratios (OR) for psychiatric inpatient care were determined in logistic regression models. Analyses were adjusted for important covariates and stratified by age group and treatment setting (inpatient/outpatient). Results Among adolescents with initial medical hospitalisation, use of a violent method was associated with a near eightfold increase in HR for suicide compared to self-poisoning in the adjusted analysis [HR 7.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2?19.0]. Among hospitalised young adult women, adjusted HRs were elevated fourfold for both cutting [4.0 (1.9?8.8)] and violent methods [3.9 (1.5?10.6)]. Method of self-harm did not affect suicide risk in young adult men. Adolescents using violent methods had an increased probability of psychiatric inpatient care following initial treatment for self-harm. Conclusions Violent self-harm requiring medical hospitalisation may signal particularly high risk of future suicide in adolescents (both sexes) and in young adult women. For the latter group this is the case for cutting requiring hospitalisation as well. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12883 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and risk of coercive sexual victimization in childhood and adolescence – a population-based prospective twin study / Vide OHLSSON GOTBY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.957-965 Titre : Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and risk of coercive sexual victimization in childhood and adolescence – a population-based prospective twin study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vide OHLSSON GOTBY, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Niklas LANGSTROM, Auteur ; Erik PETTERSSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.957-965 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  neuropsychiatric disorders  sexual abuse  twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have, in some previous studies, been shown to increase the risk of being sexually victimized. However, no studies have examined whether the association is driven by a general NDD phenotype versus specific diagnoses, nor the etiology of the association. Method Using a genetically informative, prospective design, we examined the association between ASD and ADHD in childhood and coercive sexual victimization up to age 18. A total of 4,500 children participating in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) were rated by their parents on NDDs at age 9 or 12 years, and self-reported at age 18 on lifetime experiences of coercive sexual touching and/or coercive sex. First, we regressed sexual victimization on the NDDs. Second, we regressed sexual victimization on general and specific NDD symptoms identified via a bifactor model. Third, we decomposed the observed associations into genetic and environmental parts. Results In females, ASD was associated with an almost threefolded increased risk of coercive sexual victimization, and ADHD with a doubled risk. In males, the risk associated with ASD and ADHD was of the same magnitude but not significant. When controlling for overall NDD symptom load ASD or ADHD, no longer uniquely predicted coercive sexual victimization. The association between the NDD general factor and coercive sexual victimization was due to shared genetics. Conclusions General NDD symptom load, rather than specific ASD or ADHD symptoms, seems to be a moderate vulnerability factor for coercive sexual victimization. We speculate that an evocative gene?environment correlation might account for this observation, such that sexual perpetrators actively target NDD individuals. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12884 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and risk of coercive sexual victimization in childhood and adolescence – a population-based prospective twin study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vide OHLSSON GOTBY, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Niklas LANGSTROM, Auteur ; Erik PETTERSSON, Auteur . - p.957-965. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.957-965 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  neuropsychiatric disorders  sexual abuse  twins Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have, in some previous studies, been shown to increase the risk of being sexually victimized. However, no studies have examined whether the association is driven by a general NDD phenotype versus specific diagnoses, nor the etiology of the association. Method Using a genetically informative, prospective design, we examined the association between ASD and ADHD in childhood and coercive sexual victimization up to age 18. A total of 4,500 children participating in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) were rated by their parents on NDDs at age 9 or 12 years, and self-reported at age 18 on lifetime experiences of coercive sexual touching and/or coercive sex. First, we regressed sexual victimization on the NDDs. Second, we regressed sexual victimization on general and specific NDD symptoms identified via a bifactor model. Third, we decomposed the observed associations into genetic and environmental parts. Results In females, ASD was associated with an almost threefolded increased risk of coercive sexual victimization, and ADHD with a doubled risk. In males, the risk associated with ASD and ADHD was of the same magnitude but not significant. When controlling for overall NDD symptom load ASD or ADHD, no longer uniquely predicted coercive sexual victimization. The association between the NDD general factor and coercive sexual victimization was due to shared genetics. Conclusions General NDD symptom load, rather than specific ASD or ADHD symptoms, seems to be a moderate vulnerability factor for coercive sexual victimization. We speculate that an evocative gene?environment correlation might account for this observation, such that sexual perpetrators actively target NDD individuals. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12884 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

The role of general anesthesia on traits of neurodevelopmental disorders in a Swedish cohort of twins / Albert CASTELLHEIM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.966-972 Titre : The role of general anesthesia on traits of neurodevelopmental disorders in a Swedish cohort of twins Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Albert CASTELLHEIM, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur ; Mattias MOLIN, Auteur ; Ralf KUJA-HALKOLA, Auteur ; Carina GILLBERG, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.966-972 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neurodevelopmental disorders  ADHD  general anesthesia  congenital abnormalities  system diseases Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The role of general anesthetics as a risk factor for possible neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in humans is unresolved. The investigation of the role of anesthetics in the development of postgeneral anesthesia (anesthesia onward) NDDs has proven to be complicated, partly because of the inherent confounding in clinical cohort studies, and partly by the fact that anesthetics are only one part in the complex process of anesthesia-surgery. Methods Utilizing the Swedish databases Child and Adolescent Twins Study in Sweden (CATSS) and National Patient Register (NPR), we investigated twins discordant for anesthesia, born between 1997 and 2004 for traits of NDDs. We identified 68 twin pairs discordant for anesthesia and explored traits of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Learning Disability (LD), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in them while simultaneously taking congenital abnormalities and systemic disorders (CSDs) into account. We analyzed the possible effect of anesthesia on neurodevelopmental problems, and we analyzed the within-pair differences using conditional linear regression. Results Twins with a recorded episode of anesthesia had higher traits of NDDs than twins without; similarly twins with CSDs had higher mean scores on all traits than twins without CSDs. The within-pair analyses suggested that exposure to anesthesia was associated with higher scores of ADHD (regression coefficient 1.02 and 95% confidence intervals: 0.27?1.78) in monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for anesthesia. This effect remained when adjusting for congenital abnormalities. Discussion Our finding that traits of ADHD were slightly associated with anesthesia in a genetically sensitive design is in need of replication and warrants further investigation. Future studies should aim to elucidate mechanisms behind this possible association (e.g. anesthetics doses, age at exposure, exposure duration). En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12885 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] The role of general anesthesia on traits of neurodevelopmental disorders in a Swedish cohort of twins [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Albert CASTELLHEIM, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur ; Mattias MOLIN, Auteur ; Ralf KUJA-HALKOLA, Auteur ; Carina GILLBERG, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur . - p.966-972. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.966-972 Mots-clés : Neurodevelopmental disorders  ADHD  general anesthesia  congenital abnormalities  system diseases Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The role of general anesthetics as a risk factor for possible neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in humans is unresolved. The investigation of the role of anesthetics in the development of postgeneral anesthesia (anesthesia onward) NDDs has proven to be complicated, partly because of the inherent confounding in clinical cohort studies, and partly by the fact that anesthetics are only one part in the complex process of anesthesia-surgery. Methods Utilizing the Swedish databases Child and Adolescent Twins Study in Sweden (CATSS) and National Patient Register (NPR), we investigated twins discordant for anesthesia, born between 1997 and 2004 for traits of NDDs. We identified 68 twin pairs discordant for anesthesia and explored traits of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Learning Disability (LD), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in them while simultaneously taking congenital abnormalities and systemic disorders (CSDs) into account. We analyzed the possible effect of anesthesia on neurodevelopmental problems, and we analyzed the within-pair differences using conditional linear regression. Results Twins with a recorded episode of anesthesia had higher traits of NDDs than twins without; similarly twins with CSDs had higher mean scores on all traits than twins without CSDs. The within-pair analyses suggested that exposure to anesthesia was associated with higher scores of ADHD (regression coefficient 1.02 and 95% confidence intervals: 0.27?1.78) in monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for anesthesia. This effect remained when adjusting for congenital abnormalities. Discussion Our finding that traits of ADHD were slightly associated with anesthesia in a genetically sensitive design is in need of replication and warrants further investigation. Future studies should aim to elucidate mechanisms behind this possible association (e.g. anesthetics doses, age at exposure, exposure duration). En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12885 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Sociodemographic risk, parenting, and inhibitory control in early childhood: the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia / Steven J. HOLOCHWOST in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.973-981 Titre : Sociodemographic risk, parenting, and inhibitory control in early childhood: the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Steven J. HOLOCHWOST, Auteur ; Vanessa V. VOLPE, Auteur ; Noa GUERON-SELA, Auteur ; Cathi B. PROPPER, Auteur ; W. Roger MILLS-KOONCE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.973-981 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Risk factors  parenting  inhbitory control  respiratory sinus arrhythmia  vagal tone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deficits of inhibitory control in early childhood are linked to externalizing behaviors and attention problems. While environmental factors and physiological processes are associated with its etiology, few studies have examined how these factors jointly predict inhibitory control. This study examined whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) functioned as a mediator or moderator of both cumulative sociodemographic risk and parenting behaviors on inhibitory control during early childhood. Methods The sample included 206 children and their biological mothers. At 24, 30, and 36 months of child age dyads participated in a series of laboratory visits in which sociodemographic, parenting, and baseline RSA (RSAB) data were collected. Inhibitory control was assessed at 36 months using a gift-wrap delay task. Results A series of structural equation models yielded no evidence that RSAB mediated the relations of risk or parenting and inhibitory control. RSAB moderated the effects of risk, such that high-risk children with low RSAB performed more poorly on tasks of inhibitory control, while high-risk children with high RSAB did not. Conclusions These results suggest that higher levels of RSAB may mitigate the influence of environmental risk on the development of inhibitory control early childhood. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12889 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Sociodemographic risk, parenting, and inhibitory control in early childhood: the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Steven J. HOLOCHWOST, Auteur ; Vanessa V. VOLPE, Auteur ; Noa GUERON-SELA, Auteur ; Cathi B. PROPPER, Auteur ; W. Roger MILLS-KOONCE, Auteur . - p.973-981. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.973-981 Mots-clés : Risk factors  parenting  inhbitory control  respiratory sinus arrhythmia  vagal tone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Deficits of inhibitory control in early childhood are linked to externalizing behaviors and attention problems. While environmental factors and physiological processes are associated with its etiology, few studies have examined how these factors jointly predict inhibitory control. This study examined whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) functioned as a mediator or moderator of both cumulative sociodemographic risk and parenting behaviors on inhibitory control during early childhood. Methods The sample included 206 children and their biological mothers. At 24, 30, and 36 months of child age dyads participated in a series of laboratory visits in which sociodemographic, parenting, and baseline RSA (RSAB) data were collected. Inhibitory control was assessed at 36 months using a gift-wrap delay task. Results A series of structural equation models yielded no evidence that RSAB mediated the relations of risk or parenting and inhibitory control. RSAB moderated the effects of risk, such that high-risk children with low RSAB performed more poorly on tasks of inhibitory control, while high-risk children with high RSAB did not. Conclusions These results suggest that higher levels of RSAB may mitigate the influence of environmental risk on the development of inhibitory control early childhood. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12889 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems in children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Matthew D. BURKEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.982-993 Titre : Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems in children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew D. BURKEY, Auteur ; Megan HOSEIN, Auteur ; Isabella MORTON, Auteur ; Marianna PURGATO, Auteur ; Ahmad ADI, Auteur ; Mark KURZROK, Auteur ; Brandon A. KOHRT, Auteur ; Wietse A. TOL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.982-993 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child behaviour  disruptive behaviour disorders  psychosocial interventions  low-income countries  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Most of the evidence for psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems comes from Western, high-income countries. The transferability of this evidence to culturally diverse, low-resource settings with few mental health specialists is unknown. Methods We conducted a systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of psychosocial interventions on reducing behaviour problems among children (under 18) living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Results Twenty-six randomized controlled trials (representing 28 psychosocial interventions), evaluating 4,441 subjects, met selection criteria. Fifteen (54%) prevention interventions targeted general or at-risk populations, whereas 13 (46%) treatment interventions targeted children selected for elevated behaviour problems. Most interventions were delivered in group settings (96%) and half (50%) were administered by non-specialist providers. The overall effect (standardized mean difference, SMD) of prevention studies was ?0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): ?0.41 to ?0.09; I2: 78%) and of treatment studies was ?0.56 (95% CI: ?0.51 to ?0.24; I2: 74%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated effectiveness for child-focused (SMD: ?0.35; 95% CI: ?0.57 to ?0.14) and behavioural parenting interventions (SMD: ?0.43; 95% CI: ?0.66 to ?0.20), and that interventions were effective across age ranges. Conclusions Our meta-analysis supports the use of psychosocial interventions as a feasible and effective way to reduce disruptive behaviour problems among children in LMIC. Our study provides strong evidence for child-focused and behavioural parenting interventions, interventions across age ranges and interventions delivered in groups. Additional research is needed on training and supervision of non-specialists and on implementation of effective interventions in LMIC settings. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12894 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems in children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew D. BURKEY, Auteur ; Megan HOSEIN, Auteur ; Isabella MORTON, Auteur ; Marianna PURGATO, Auteur ; Ahmad ADI, Auteur ; Mark KURZROK, Auteur ; Brandon A. KOHRT, Auteur ; Wietse A. TOL, Auteur . - p.982-993. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.982-993 Mots-clés : Child behaviour  disruptive behaviour disorders  psychosocial interventions  low-income countries  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Most of the evidence for psychosocial interventions for disruptive behaviour problems comes from Western, high-income countries. The transferability of this evidence to culturally diverse, low-resource settings with few mental health specialists is unknown. Methods We conducted a systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of psychosocial interventions on reducing behaviour problems among children (under 18) living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Results Twenty-six randomized controlled trials (representing 28 psychosocial interventions), evaluating 4,441 subjects, met selection criteria. Fifteen (54%) prevention interventions targeted general or at-risk populations, whereas 13 (46%) treatment interventions targeted children selected for elevated behaviour problems. Most interventions were delivered in group settings (96%) and half (50%) were administered by non-specialist providers. The overall effect (standardized mean difference, SMD) of prevention studies was ?0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): ?0.41 to ?0.09; I2: 78%) and of treatment studies was ?0.56 (95% CI: ?0.51 to ?0.24; I2: 74%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated effectiveness for child-focused (SMD: ?0.35; 95% CI: ?0.57 to ?0.14) and behavioural parenting interventions (SMD: ?0.43; 95% CI: ?0.66 to ?0.20), and that interventions were effective across age ranges. Conclusions Our meta-analysis supports the use of psychosocial interventions as a feasible and effective way to reduce disruptive behaviour problems among children in LMIC. Our study provides strong evidence for child-focused and behavioural parenting interventions, interventions across age ranges and interventions delivered in groups. Additional research is needed on training and supervision of non-specialists and on implementation of effective interventions in LMIC settings. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12894 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Emerging depression in adolescence coincides with accelerated frontal cortical thinning / Marieke G. N. BOS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.994-1002 Titre : Emerging depression in adolescence coincides with accelerated frontal cortical thinning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marieke G. N. BOS, Auteur ; Sabine PETERS, Auteur ; Ferdi C. KAMP, Auteur ; Eveline A. CRONE, Auteur ; Christian K. TAMNES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.994-1002 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  brain development  longitudinal  depression  MRI  cerebral cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adolescence is a transition period characterized by heightened emotional reactivity, which for some sets the stage for emerging depressive symptoms. Prior studies suggest that adolescent depression is associated with deviant cortical and subcortical brain structure. Longitudinal studies are, however, currently scarce, but critical to detect which adolescents are at risk for developing depressive symptoms. Methods In this longitudinal study, a community sample of 205 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three biennial waves (522 scans) spanning 5 years across ages 8?25 years. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using self-report at the third time point. Mixed models were used to examine the relations between structural brain development, specifically regional change in cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes (hippocampus and amygdala), and depressive symptoms. Results Accelerated frontal lobe cortical thinning was observed in adolescents who developed depressive symptoms at the third time point. This effect remained after controlling for parent-reported affective problems at the first time point. Moreover, the effect was driven by specific lateral orbitofrontal and precentral regions. In addition, differential developmental trajectories of parietal cortical thickness and surface area in several regions were found for participants reporting higher depressive symptomatology, but these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Volumes or developmental volume changes in hippocampus or amygdala were not related to depressive symptoms. Conclusions This study showed that emerging depression is associated with cortical thinning in frontal regions within individuals. These findings move beyond detecting cross-sectional correlations and set the stage for early detection, which may inform future intervention. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Emerging depression in adolescence coincides with accelerated frontal cortical thinning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marieke G. N. BOS, Auteur ; Sabine PETERS, Auteur ; Ferdi C. KAMP, Auteur ; Eveline A. CRONE, Auteur ; Christian K. TAMNES, Auteur . - p.994-1002. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.994-1002 Mots-clés : Adolescence  brain development  longitudinal  depression  MRI  cerebral cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adolescence is a transition period characterized by heightened emotional reactivity, which for some sets the stage for emerging depressive symptoms. Prior studies suggest that adolescent depression is associated with deviant cortical and subcortical brain structure. Longitudinal studies are, however, currently scarce, but critical to detect which adolescents are at risk for developing depressive symptoms. Methods In this longitudinal study, a community sample of 205 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three biennial waves (522 scans) spanning 5 years across ages 8?25 years. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using self-report at the third time point. Mixed models were used to examine the relations between structural brain development, specifically regional change in cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes (hippocampus and amygdala), and depressive symptoms. Results Accelerated frontal lobe cortical thinning was observed in adolescents who developed depressive symptoms at the third time point. This effect remained after controlling for parent-reported affective problems at the first time point. Moreover, the effect was driven by specific lateral orbitofrontal and precentral regions. In addition, differential developmental trajectories of parietal cortical thickness and surface area in several regions were found for participants reporting higher depressive symptomatology, but these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Volumes or developmental volume changes in hippocampus or amygdala were not related to depressive symptoms. Conclusions This study showed that emerging depression is associated with cortical thinning in frontal regions within individuals. These findings move beyond detecting cross-sectional correlations and set the stage for early detection, which may inform future intervention. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12895 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Prenatal diet and children's trajectories of hyperactivity–inattention and conduct problems from 3 to 8 years: the EDEN mother–child cohort in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.1003-1011 Titre : Prenatal diet and children's trajectories of hyperactivity–inattention and conduct problems from 3 to 8 years: the EDEN mother–child cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1003-1011 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12898 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Prenatal diet and children's trajectories of hyperactivity–inattention and conduct problems from 3 to 8 years: the EDEN mother–child cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1003-1011. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.1003-1011 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12898 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

Do clinical characteristics predict the cognitive course in early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders? / Charlotte M. TEIGSET in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.1012-1023 Titre : Do clinical characteristics predict the cognitive course in early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charlotte M. TEIGSET, Auteur ; Christine MOHN, Auteur ; Cathrine BRUNBORG, Auteur ; Monica JUUHL-LANGSETH, Auteur ; Aina HOLMÉN, Auteur ; Bjørn Rishovd RUND, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1012-1023 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cognition  early-onset schizophrenia  suicide attempts  general symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Being in a period with extensive brain maturation, adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (EOS) provide unique neurodevelopmental data that may contribute to a better understanding of schizophrenia at all ages. Cognitive dysfunction is a central feature of schizophrenia and is more pronounced in EOS than in later onset illness. However, there is limited research on both the long-term course of global cognition in EOS, and how cognition over time is influenced by clinical characteristics during the early illness period. Methods Thirty-one EOS patients and 73 controls (age 12?18) were assessed on clinical variables at baseline (PANSS, duration of untreated psychosis [DUP], hospitalizations, suicide attempts, and remission). Neuropsychological assessments with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were conducted at baseline and after both 1 and 2 years, and composite scores of total performances were calculated. The analyses were performed with a linear mixed model. Results The present study found that global cognition followed a stable course over the first years of the disease in EOS, though at a significantly lower level in EOS compared with the controls. We did not detect a relationship between DUP, remission, positive/negative symptoms, and hospitalizations on one hand, and long-term cognition on the other hand, but PANSS-general and suicide attempt history at baseline were identified as risk factors of longitudinal cognitive function. Conclusions Though at different levels, the EOS group and the controls had a similar cognitive course over 2 years. Some baseline characteristics (psychotic symptoms, DUP, remission, and hospitalization) had no influence on cognition within the first 2 years of illness. In contrast, general symptoms and a history of suicide attempts at baseline were more potent risk factors of the cognitive course than the psychotic-specific symptoms, and should, therefore, be subject to specific attention in the evaluation and treatment of patients with early-onset psychosis. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12896 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] Do clinical characteristics predict the cognitive course in early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charlotte M. TEIGSET, Auteur ; Christine MOHN, Auteur ; Cathrine BRUNBORG, Auteur ; Monica JUUHL-LANGSETH, Auteur ; Aina HOLMÉN, Auteur ; Bjørn Rishovd RUND, Auteur . - p.1012-1023. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.1012-1023 Mots-clés : Cognition  early-onset schizophrenia  suicide attempts  general symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Being in a period with extensive brain maturation, adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (EOS) provide unique neurodevelopmental data that may contribute to a better understanding of schizophrenia at all ages. Cognitive dysfunction is a central feature of schizophrenia and is more pronounced in EOS than in later onset illness. However, there is limited research on both the long-term course of global cognition in EOS, and how cognition over time is influenced by clinical characteristics during the early illness period. Methods Thirty-one EOS patients and 73 controls (age 12?18) were assessed on clinical variables at baseline (PANSS, duration of untreated psychosis [DUP], hospitalizations, suicide attempts, and remission). Neuropsychological assessments with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were conducted at baseline and after both 1 and 2 years, and composite scores of total performances were calculated. The analyses were performed with a linear mixed model. Results The present study found that global cognition followed a stable course over the first years of the disease in EOS, though at a significantly lower level in EOS compared with the controls. We did not detect a relationship between DUP, remission, positive/negative symptoms, and hospitalizations on one hand, and long-term cognition on the other hand, but PANSS-general and suicide attempt history at baseline were identified as risk factors of longitudinal cognitive function. Conclusions Though at different levels, the EOS group and the controls had a similar cognitive course over 2 years. Some baseline characteristics (psychotic symptoms, DUP, remission, and hospitalization) had no influence on cognition within the first 2 years of illness. In contrast, general symptoms and a history of suicide attempts at baseline were more potent risk factors of the cognitive course than the psychotic-specific symptoms, and should, therefore, be subject to specific attention in the evaluation and treatment of patients with early-onset psychosis. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12896 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368

When repetitive mental sets increase cognitive flexibility in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder / Nicole WOLFF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.1024-1032 Titre : When repetitive mental sets increase cognitive flexibility in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Franziska GILLER, Auteur ; Judith BUSE, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Christian BESTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1024-1032 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Obsessive–compulsive disorder  cognitive flexibility  neurophysiology  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A major facet of obsessive?compulsive disorder (OCD) is cognitive inflexibility. However, sometimes, cognitive flexibility can be needed to reuse recently abandoned mental sets. Therefore, cognitive flexibility can in certain cases be useful to reinstate some form of rigid, repetitive behavior characterizing OCD. We test the counterintuitive hypothesis that under such circumstances, cognitive flexibility is better in OCD patients than controls. Methods We examined N = 20 adolescent OCD patients and N = 22 controls in a backward inhibition (BI) paradigm. This was combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings and source localization. The BI effect describes the cost of overcoming the inhibition of a recently abandoned mental set that is relevant again. Therefore, a strong BI effect is disadvantageous for cognitive flexibility. Results Compared to controls, OCD patients revealed a smaller backward inhibition effect. The EEG data revealed larger P1 amplitudes in backward inhibition trials in the OCD group, which was due to activation differences in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA47). The severity of clinical symptoms predicted these neurophysiological modulations. The power of the observed effects was about 95%. Conclusions The study shows that cognitive flexibility can be better in OCD than controls. This may be the case in situations where superior abilities in the reactivation of repeating mental sets and difficulties to process new ones coincide. This may be accomplished by intensified inhibitory control mechanisms. The results challenge the view on OCD, since OCD is not generally associated with cognitive inflexibility. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12901 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 [article] When repetitive mental sets increase cognitive flexibility in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole WOLFF, Auteur ; Franziska GILLER, Auteur ; Judith BUSE, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Christian BESTE, Auteur . - p.1024-1032. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-9 (September 2018) . - p.1024-1032 Mots-clés : Obsessive–compulsive disorder  cognitive flexibility  neurophysiology  event-related potential Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background A major facet of obsessive?compulsive disorder (OCD) is cognitive inflexibility. However, sometimes, cognitive flexibility can be needed to reuse recently abandoned mental sets. Therefore, cognitive flexibility can in certain cases be useful to reinstate some form of rigid, repetitive behavior characterizing OCD. We test the counterintuitive hypothesis that under such circumstances, cognitive flexibility is better in OCD patients than controls. Methods We examined N = 20 adolescent OCD patients and N = 22 controls in a backward inhibition (BI) paradigm. This was combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings and source localization. The BI effect describes the cost of overcoming the inhibition of a recently abandoned mental set that is relevant again. Therefore, a strong BI effect is disadvantageous for cognitive flexibility. Results Compared to controls, OCD patients revealed a smaller backward inhibition effect. The EEG data revealed larger P1 amplitudes in backward inhibition trials in the OCD group, which was due to activation differences in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA47). The severity of clinical symptoms predicted these neurophysiological modulations. The power of the observed effects was about 95%. Conclusions The study shows that cognitive flexibility can be better in OCD than controls. This may be the case in situations where superior abilities in the reactivation of repeating mental sets and difficulties to process new ones coincide. This may be accomplished by intensified inhibitory control mechanisms. The results challenge the view on OCD, since OCD is not generally associated with cognitive inflexibility. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12901 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368