Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis / Aimilia KALLITSOUNAKI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-8 (August 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-8 (August 2023) . - p.3103-3117 Titre : Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Aimilia KALLITSOUNAKI, Auteur ; David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3103-3117 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The suggested overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria/incongruence (GD/GI) has been much disputed. This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508 [article] Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis [texte imprimé] / Aimilia KALLITSOUNAKI, Auteur ; David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur . - p.3103-3117. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-8 (August 2023) . - p.3103-3117 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The suggested overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria/incongruence (GD/GI) has been much disputed. This review showed a relationship between ASD traits and GD feelings in the general population and a high prevalence of GD/GI in ASD. Our meta-analyses revealed that the pooled estimate of the prevalence of ASD diagnoses in GD/GI people was 11% (p < .001) and the overall effect size of the difference in ASD traits between GD/GI and control people was significant (g 0.67, p < .001). Heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses. We demonstrated that the chances that there is not a link between ASD and GD/GI are negligible, yet the size of it needs further investigation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508

Autism spectrum disorder: Fractionable or coherent? / David M. WILLIAMS in Autism, 18-1 (January 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 18-1 (January 2014) . - p.2-5 Titre : Autism spectrum disorder: Fractionable or coherent? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2-5 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313513523 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Autism spectrum disorder: Fractionable or coherent? [texte imprimé] / David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur . - p.2-5. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 18-1 (January 2014) . - p.2-5 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313513523 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Behavioural phenotypes of autism in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth and their caregivers / Aimilia KALLITSOUNAKI in Autism, 30-1 (January 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 30-1 (January 2026) . - p.163-175 Titre : Behavioural phenotypes of autism in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth and their caregivers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Aimilia KALLITSOUNAKI, Auteur ; Matthew C. FYSH, Auteur ; David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Lauren SPINNER, Auteur ; Eilis KENNEDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.163-175 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  autism traits  familial aggregation of autism  gender diversity  gender referrals in youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In recent years, referrals of youth to specialised gender services have risen sharply, with ~11% of these youth diagnosed as autistic compared with a general population rate of ~1%. In two preregistered studies, we addressed this insufficiently understood intersection. In Study 1, we examined the number and developmental trajectory of autism traits in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred and cisgender youth (aged 7–16 years) using both screening measures (Autism-Spectrum Quotient Children’s Version and Autism-Spectrum Quotient Adolescent Version, Social Communication Questionnaire–Lifetime) and diagnostic tools (Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism). In Study 2, we examined autism traits among the caregivers of participants from each group using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient Adolescent Version. Study 1 results showed the autism phenotype in autistic gender clinic-referred youth closely resembled that of their cisgender autistic peers. In addition, after addressing methodological limitations in previous research, we found no evidence of elevated autism traits in nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth, challenging findings of some earlier studies. Study 2 provided evidence of familial aggregation of both autism traits and diagnoses among caregivers of both autistic gender clinic-referred and cisgender participants. Taken together, these findings challenge the hypothesis that autism in gender-diverse youth is merely a ‘phenomimic’ of autism and provide valuable clinical insights into the presentation of autism in this population.Lay abstract In recent years, more young people have been referred to specialised gender clinics for support with their gender identity. Interestingly, about 11% of these young people are also diagnosed with autism–much higher than the general population rate of only around 1%. This overlap has raised important questions about how autism and gender diversity are related, and even whether autism traits in gender-diverse people with an autism diagnosis really reflect autism. In this research, we carried out two studies to understand this link better. In the first study, we looked at autism traits in gender-diverse children and adolescents aged 7–16 years who were referred to a gender clinic for issues with their gender identity. We compared them with both autistic and nonautistic children who were not referred to gender services. We used several standard tools to assess autism-related traits, including both questionnaires and clinical interviews. We found that gender-diverse youth who were also autistic showed similar patterns of autism traits as cisgender autistic children who were not exploring their gender. Importantly, nonautistic gender-diverse youth did not show unusually high levels of autism traits, which challenges some earlier studies that suggested they might. In the second study, we explored autism traits in the caregivers (mostly mothers) of the young people in our first study. We found that caregivers of autistic children–whether the children were gender-diverse or not–were more likely to be autistic than the caregivers of nonautistic children. Moreover, even nonautistic caregivers of autistic children displayed more autism traits than caregivers of nonautistic children, irrespective of whether their child was gender-diverse or not. Overall, our findings challenge the idea that autism in gender-diverse youth is just a mimic of ‘true’ autism caused by gender-related stress or experiences. Instead, the results point to genuine autism that presents in a typical way. This research provides important insights for clinicians and families, and highlights the need to take the gender-related concerns of autistic children as seriously as of nonautistic children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251379920 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=578 [article] Behavioural phenotypes of autism in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth and their caregivers [texte imprimé] / Aimilia KALLITSOUNAKI, Auteur ; Matthew C. FYSH, Auteur ; David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Lauren SPINNER, Auteur ; Eilis KENNEDY, Auteur . - p.163-175. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 30-1 (January 2026) . - p.163-175 Mots-clés : ASD  autism traits  familial aggregation of autism  gender diversity  gender referrals in youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In recent years, referrals of youth to specialised gender services have risen sharply, with ~11% of these youth diagnosed as autistic compared with a general population rate of ~1%. In two preregistered studies, we addressed this insufficiently understood intersection. In Study 1, we examined the number and developmental trajectory of autism traits in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred and cisgender youth (aged 7–16 years) using both screening measures (Autism-Spectrum Quotient Children’s Version and Autism-Spectrum Quotient Adolescent Version, Social Communication Questionnaire–Lifetime) and diagnostic tools (Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism). In Study 2, we examined autism traits among the caregivers of participants from each group using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient Adolescent Version. Study 1 results showed the autism phenotype in autistic gender clinic-referred youth closely resembled that of their cisgender autistic peers. In addition, after addressing methodological limitations in previous research, we found no evidence of elevated autism traits in nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth, challenging findings of some earlier studies. Study 2 provided evidence of familial aggregation of both autism traits and diagnoses among caregivers of both autistic gender clinic-referred and cisgender participants. Taken together, these findings challenge the hypothesis that autism in gender-diverse youth is merely a ‘phenomimic’ of autism and provide valuable clinical insights into the presentation of autism in this population.Lay abstract In recent years, more young people have been referred to specialised gender clinics for support with their gender identity. Interestingly, about 11% of these young people are also diagnosed with autism–much higher than the general population rate of only around 1%. This overlap has raised important questions about how autism and gender diversity are related, and even whether autism traits in gender-diverse people with an autism diagnosis really reflect autism. In this research, we carried out two studies to understand this link better. In the first study, we looked at autism traits in gender-diverse children and adolescents aged 7–16 years who were referred to a gender clinic for issues with their gender identity. We compared them with both autistic and nonautistic children who were not referred to gender services. We used several standard tools to assess autism-related traits, including both questionnaires and clinical interviews. We found that gender-diverse youth who were also autistic showed similar patterns of autism traits as cisgender autistic children who were not exploring their gender. Importantly, nonautistic gender-diverse youth did not show unusually high levels of autism traits, which challenges some earlier studies that suggested they might. In the second study, we explored autism traits in the caregivers (mostly mothers) of the young people in our first study. We found that caregivers of autistic children–whether the children were gender-diverse or not–were more likely to be autistic than the caregivers of nonautistic children. Moreover, even nonautistic caregivers of autistic children displayed more autism traits than caregivers of nonautistic children, irrespective of whether their child was gender-diverse or not. Overall, our findings challenge the idea that autism in gender-diverse youth is just a mimic of ‘true’ autism caused by gender-related stress or experiences. Instead, the results point to genuine autism that presents in a typical way. This research provides important insights for clinicians and families, and highlights the need to take the gender-related concerns of autistic children as seriously as of nonautistic children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251379920 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=578

Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder / David M. WILLIAMS in Autism Research, 11-8 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-8 (August 2018) . - p.1129-1137 Titre : Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Toby NICHOLSON, Auteur ; Catherine GRAINGER, Auteur ; Sophie E. LIND, Auteur ; Peter CARRUTHERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1129-1137 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  deception  lie detection  metacognition  mindreading  social cognition  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life and might require "mindreading" (the ability to represent others' mental states). People with diminished mindreading, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. In Experiment 1, performance among 216 neurotypical adults on a realistic lie detection paradigm was significantly negatively associated with number of ASD traits, but not with mindreading ability. Bayesian analyses complemented null hypothesis significance testing and suggested the data supported the alternative hypothesis in this key respect. Cross validation of results was achieved by randomly splitting the full sample into two subsamples of 108 and rerunning analyses. The association between lie detection and ASD traits held in both subsamples, showing the reliability of findings. In Experiment 2, lie detection was significantly impaired in 27 adults with a diagnosis of ASD relative to 27 matched comparison participants. Results suggest that people with ASD (or ASD traits) may be particularly vulnerable to manipulation and may benefit from lie detection training. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1129-1137. (c) 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life. People with diminished understanding of other minds, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. We found that lie detection ability was related to how many ASD traits neurotypical people manifested and also was significantly diminished among adults with a full diagnosis of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1962 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Toby NICHOLSON, Auteur ; Catherine GRAINGER, Auteur ; Sophie E. LIND, Auteur ; Peter CARRUTHERS, Auteur . - p.1129-1137. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-8 (August 2018) . - p.1129-1137 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  deception  lie detection  metacognition  mindreading  social cognition  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life and might require "mindreading" (the ability to represent others' mental states). People with diminished mindreading, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. In Experiment 1, performance among 216 neurotypical adults on a realistic lie detection paradigm was significantly negatively associated with number of ASD traits, but not with mindreading ability. Bayesian analyses complemented null hypothesis significance testing and suggested the data supported the alternative hypothesis in this key respect. Cross validation of results was achieved by randomly splitting the full sample into two subsamples of 108 and rerunning analyses. The association between lie detection and ASD traits held in both subsamples, showing the reliability of findings. In Experiment 2, lie detection was significantly impaired in 27 adults with a diagnosis of ASD relative to 27 matched comparison participants. Results suggest that people with ASD (or ASD traits) may be particularly vulnerable to manipulation and may benefit from lie detection training. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1129-1137. (c) 2018 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Detection of deception is of fundamental importance for everyday social life. People with diminished understanding of other minds, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), might be at risk of manipulation because of lie detection difficulties. We found that lie detection ability was related to how many ASD traits neurotypical people manifested and also was significantly diminished among adults with a full diagnosis of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1962 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

Increasing Extrinsic Motivation Improves Time-Based Prospective Memory in Adults with Autism: Relations with Executive Functioning and Mentalizing / Julia LANDSIEDEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-4 (April 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-4 (April 2020) . - p.1133-1146 Titre : Increasing Extrinsic Motivation Improves Time-Based Prospective Memory in Adults with Autism: Relations with Executive Functioning and Mentalizing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Julia LANDSIEDEL, Auteur ; David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1133-1146 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Executive functions  Importance instructions  Mentalizing  Prospective memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Time-based prospective memory (PM) is diminished under various task demands in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is still unclear what underpins their impairment or how it could be remediated. This study explored whether instructions to prioritise one element of a PM task over another improved performance in adults with ASD (compared to a group of matched neurotypical adults), and how that is related to cognitive abilities. Results indicated that importance instructions significantly improved the PM performance of participants with ASD. Moreover, the extent of the benefit was associated significantly with objectively-measured executive set-shifting ability and self-reported inhibitory control ability (the poorer the set-shifting/inhibitory control, the greater the benefit). Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04340-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] Increasing Extrinsic Motivation Improves Time-Based Prospective Memory in Adults with Autism: Relations with Executive Functioning and Mentalizing [texte imprimé] / Julia LANDSIEDEL, Auteur ; David M. WILLIAMS, Auteur . - p.1133-1146. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-4 (April 2020) . - p.1133-1146 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Executive functions  Importance instructions  Mentalizing  Prospective memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Time-based prospective memory (PM) is diminished under various task demands in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is still unclear what underpins their impairment or how it could be remediated. This study explored whether instructions to prioritise one element of a PM task over another improved performance in adults with ASD (compared to a group of matched neurotypical adults), and how that is related to cognitive abilities. Results indicated that importance instructions significantly improved the PM performance of participants with ASD. Moreover, the extent of the benefit was associated significantly with objectively-measured executive set-shifting ability and self-reported inhibitory control ability (the poorer the set-shifting/inhibitory control, the greater the benefit). Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04340-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

Judgment of Learning Accuracy in High-functioning Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Catherine GRAINGER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-11 (November 2016)  

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Links Between Autistic Traits, Feelings of Gender Dysphoria, and Mentalising Ability: Replication and Extension of Previous Findings from the General Population / Aimilia KALLITSOUNAKI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-5 (May 2021)  

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A meta-analysis and critical review of metacognitive accuracy in autism / Katie CARPENTER in Autism, 27-2 (February 2023)  

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A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review of Prospective Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Julia LANDSIEDEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-3 (March 2017)  

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Metacognitive monitoring and the hypercorrection effect in autism and the general population: Relation to autism(-like) traits and mindreading / David M. WILLIAMS in Autism, 22-3 (April 2018)  

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Online Action Monitoring and Memory for Self-Performed Actions in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Catherine GRAINGER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-5 (May 2014)  

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Perspective influences eye movements during real-life conversation: Mentalising about self versus others in autism / Mahsa BARZY in Autism, 24-8 (November 2020)  

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Putting Your Money Where Your Mouth is: Examining Metacognition in ASD Using Post-decision Wagering / Kimberly L.H. CARPENTER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-10 (October 2019)  

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Recognition memory and source memory in autism spectrum disorder: A study of the intention superiority and enactment effects / Catherine GRAINGER in Autism, 21-7 (October 2017)  

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The Self‐Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits / David M. WILLIAMS in Autism Research, 11-2 (February 2018)  

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