Left-Hemispheric Microstructural Abnormalities in Children With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder / Daniel PETERSON in Autism Research, 8-1 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-1 (February 2015) . - p.61-72 Titre : Left-Hemispheric Microstructural Abnormalities in Children With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel PETERSON, Auteur ; Rajneesh MAHAJAN, Auteur ; Deana CROCETTI, Auteur ; Amanda MEJIA, Auteur ; Stewart MOSTOFSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.61-72 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)  neuroimaging  laterality  white matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current theories of the neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) posit an altered pattern of connectivity in large-scale brain networks. Here we used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate the microstructural properties of the white matter (WM) that mediates interregional connectivity in 36 high-functioning children with ASD (HF-ASD) as compared with 37 controls. By employing an atlas-based analysis using large deformation diffeometric morphic mapping registration, a widespread but left-lateralized pattern of abnormalities was revealed. The mean diffusivity (MD) of water in the WM of HF-ASD children was significantly elevated throughout the left hemisphere, particularly in the outer-zone cortical WM. Across diagnostic groups, there was a significant effect of age on left-hemisphere MD, with a similar reduction in MD during childhood in both typically developing and HF-ASD children. The increased MD in children with HF-ASD suggests hypomyelination and may reflect increased short-range cortico-cortical connections subsequent to early WM overgrowth. These findings also highlight left-hemispheric connectivity as relevant to the pathophysiology of ASD and indicate that the spatial distribution of microstructural abnormalities in HF-ASD is widespread and left-lateralized. This altered left-hemispheric connectivity may contribute to deficits in communication and praxis observed in ASD. Autism Res 2015, 8: 61–72. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1413 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256 [article] Left-Hemispheric Microstructural Abnormalities in Children With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel PETERSON, Auteur ; Rajneesh MAHAJAN, Auteur ; Deana CROCETTI, Auteur ; Amanda MEJIA, Auteur ; Stewart MOSTOFSKY, Auteur . - p.61-72. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-1 (February 2015) . - p.61-72 Mots-clés : diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)  neuroimaging  laterality  white matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current theories of the neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) posit an altered pattern of connectivity in large-scale brain networks. Here we used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate the microstructural properties of the white matter (WM) that mediates interregional connectivity in 36 high-functioning children with ASD (HF-ASD) as compared with 37 controls. By employing an atlas-based analysis using large deformation diffeometric morphic mapping registration, a widespread but left-lateralized pattern of abnormalities was revealed. The mean diffusivity (MD) of water in the WM of HF-ASD children was significantly elevated throughout the left hemisphere, particularly in the outer-zone cortical WM. Across diagnostic groups, there was a significant effect of age on left-hemisphere MD, with a similar reduction in MD during childhood in both typically developing and HF-ASD children. The increased MD in children with HF-ASD suggests hypomyelination and may reflect increased short-range cortico-cortical connections subsequent to early WM overgrowth. These findings also highlight left-hemispheric connectivity as relevant to the pathophysiology of ASD and indicate that the spatial distribution of microstructural abnormalities in HF-ASD is widespread and left-lateralized. This altered left-hemispheric connectivity may contribute to deficits in communication and praxis observed in ASD. Autism Res 2015, 8: 61–72. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1413 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256

Motor Circuit Anatomy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder With or Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / Rajneesh MAHAJAN in Autism Research, 9-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.67-81 Titre : Motor Circuit Anatomy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder With or Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rajneesh MAHAJAN, Auteur ; Benjamin DIRLIKOV, Auteur ; Deana CROCETTI, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.67-81 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : structural MRI  motor circuit  autism spectrum disorder  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the morphology of frontal-parietal regions relevant to motor functions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We also explored its associations with autism severity and motor skills, and the impact of comorbid ADHD on these associations. Participants included 126 school-age children: 30 had ASD only, 33 had ASD with ADHD, and 63 were typically developing. High resolution 3T MPRAGE images were acquired to examine the cortical morphology (gray matter volume, GMV, surface area, SA, and cortical thickness, CT) in three regions of interest (ROI): precentral gyrus (M1), postcentral gyrus (S1), and inferior parietal cortex (IPC). Children with ASD showed abnormal increases in GMV and SA in all three ROIs: (a) increased GMV in S1 bilaterally and in right M1 was specific to children with ASD without ADHD; (b) all children with ASD (with or without ADHD) showed increases in the left IPC SA. Furthermore, on measures of motor function, impaired praxis was associated with increased GMV in right S1 in the ASD group with ADHD. Children with ASD with ADHD showed a positive relationship between bilateral S1 GMV and manual dexterity, whereas children with ASD without ADHD showed a negative relationship. Our findings suggest that (a) ASD is associated with abnormal morphology of cortical circuits crucial to motor control and learning; (b) anomalous overgrowth of these regions, particularly S1, may contribute to impaired motor skill development, and (c) functional and morphological differences are apparent between children with ASD with or without ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1497 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Motor Circuit Anatomy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder With or Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rajneesh MAHAJAN, Auteur ; Benjamin DIRLIKOV, Auteur ; Deana CROCETTI, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur . - p.67-81. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-1 (January 2016) . - p.67-81 Mots-clés : structural MRI  motor circuit  autism spectrum disorder  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the morphology of frontal-parietal regions relevant to motor functions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We also explored its associations with autism severity and motor skills, and the impact of comorbid ADHD on these associations. Participants included 126 school-age children: 30 had ASD only, 33 had ASD with ADHD, and 63 were typically developing. High resolution 3T MPRAGE images were acquired to examine the cortical morphology (gray matter volume, GMV, surface area, SA, and cortical thickness, CT) in three regions of interest (ROI): precentral gyrus (M1), postcentral gyrus (S1), and inferior parietal cortex (IPC). Children with ASD showed abnormal increases in GMV and SA in all three ROIs: (a) increased GMV in S1 bilaterally and in right M1 was specific to children with ASD without ADHD; (b) all children with ASD (with or without ADHD) showed increases in the left IPC SA. Furthermore, on measures of motor function, impaired praxis was associated with increased GMV in right S1 in the ASD group with ADHD. Children with ASD with ADHD showed a positive relationship between bilateral S1 GMV and manual dexterity, whereas children with ASD without ADHD showed a negative relationship. Our findings suggest that (a) ASD is associated with abnormal morphology of cortical circuits crucial to motor control and learning; (b) anomalous overgrowth of these regions, particularly S1, may contribute to impaired motor skill development, and (c) functional and morphological differences are apparent between children with ASD with or without ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1497 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Racial Disparities in a Sample of Inpatient Youth with ASD / Helen M. NICHOLS in Autism Research, 13-4 (April 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-4 (April 2020) . - p.532-538 Titre : Racial Disparities in a Sample of Inpatient Youth with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Helen M. NICHOLS, Auteur ; Sarah DABABNAH, Auteur ; Brittany TROEN, Auteur ; Jessica VEZZOLI, Auteur ; Rajneesh MAHAJAN, Auteur ; Carla A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.532-538 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Black  autism spectrum disorder  racial differences  youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although more than one in 10 youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is admitted to a psychiatric facility before they reach adulthood, the inpatient population is underrepresented in research. Furthermore, Black youth are more likely to be psychiatrically hospitalized, compared to their White counterparts. Yet, prior research has been inconsistent in potential racial differences in ASD symptoms and severity. This study examined differences in the symptom presentation of psychiatrically hospitalized Black and White youth with ASD. Researchers collected data as part of a larger study of youth admitted to one of six US specialized inpatient psychiatric units between 2013 and 2017. We used bivariate and multivariate models to analyze the data. The study included 654 youth diagnosed with ASD, with an average age of 13 years. While bivariate analyses found that Black youth had lower written language and daily living skills and more impaired social affect and inappropriate speech, multivariate regression models suggested that overall ability level and age may be driving these differences. Specifically, the only variables that significantly predicted adaptive functioning (written language, daily living) and behavioral profiles (social affect, inappropriate speech) were verbal ability, IQ, and age. Race was not a significant predictor in any of the models. Cultural diversity and competency are vital to the identification and treatment of ASD clinical care. Thus, understanding the role race may play in early detection and accurate diagnosis is important to improving ASD identification, diagnosis, and treatment. Autism Res 2020, 13: 532-538. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study examined differences in autism symptoms between Black and White youth in psychiatric hospitals. We found that while it initially appeared that Black and White youth differed in written language and daily living skills, these racial differences were not significant once we accounted for differences in IQ, age, and verbal ability. Our findings suggest that providers should pay greater attention to other potential reasons for racial disparities in autism services. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2262 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] Racial Disparities in a Sample of Inpatient Youth with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Helen M. NICHOLS, Auteur ; Sarah DABABNAH, Auteur ; Brittany TROEN, Auteur ; Jessica VEZZOLI, Auteur ; Rajneesh MAHAJAN, Auteur ; Carla A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur . - p.532-538. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-4 (April 2020) . - p.532-538 Mots-clés : Black  autism spectrum disorder  racial differences  youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although more than one in 10 youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is admitted to a psychiatric facility before they reach adulthood, the inpatient population is underrepresented in research. Furthermore, Black youth are more likely to be psychiatrically hospitalized, compared to their White counterparts. Yet, prior research has been inconsistent in potential racial differences in ASD symptoms and severity. This study examined differences in the symptom presentation of psychiatrically hospitalized Black and White youth with ASD. Researchers collected data as part of a larger study of youth admitted to one of six US specialized inpatient psychiatric units between 2013 and 2017. We used bivariate and multivariate models to analyze the data. The study included 654 youth diagnosed with ASD, with an average age of 13 years. While bivariate analyses found that Black youth had lower written language and daily living skills and more impaired social affect and inappropriate speech, multivariate regression models suggested that overall ability level and age may be driving these differences. Specifically, the only variables that significantly predicted adaptive functioning (written language, daily living) and behavioral profiles (social affect, inappropriate speech) were verbal ability, IQ, and age. Race was not a significant predictor in any of the models. Cultural diversity and competency are vital to the identification and treatment of ASD clinical care. Thus, understanding the role race may play in early detection and accurate diagnosis is important to improving ASD identification, diagnosis, and treatment. Autism Res 2020, 13: 532-538. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study examined differences in autism symptoms between Black and White youth in psychiatric hospitals. We found that while it initially appeared that Black and White youth differed in written language and daily living skills, these racial differences were not significant once we accounted for differences in IQ, age, and verbal ability. Our findings suggest that providers should pay greater attention to other potential reasons for racial disparities in autism services. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2262 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

A Systematic Review of Treatments for Anxiety in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Roma A. VASA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-12 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-12 (December 2014) . - p.3215-3229 Titre : A Systematic Review of Treatments for Anxiety in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Roma A. VASA, Auteur ; Laura M. CARROLL, Auteur ; Alixandra A. NOZZOLILLO, Auteur ; Rajneesh MAHAJAN, Auteur ; Micah O. MAZUREK, Auteur ; Amanda E. BENNETT, Auteur ; Logan K. WINK, Auteur ; Maria Pilar BERNAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3215-3229 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism spectrum disorders  Treatments  Children  Adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study systematically examined the efficacy and safety of psychopharmacological and non-psychopharmacological treatments for anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Four psychopharmacological, nine cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and two alternative treatment studies met inclusion criteria. Psychopharmacological studies were descriptive or open label, sometimes did not specify the anxiety phenotype, and reported behavioral activation. Citalopram and buspirone yielded some improvement, whereas fluvoxamine did not. Non-psychopharmacological studies were mainly randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with CBT demonstrating moderate efficacy for anxiety disorders in youth with high functioning ASD. Deep pressure and neurofeedback provided some benefit. All studies were short-term and included small sample sizes. Large scale and long term RCTs examining psychopharmacological and non-psychopharmacological treatments are sorely needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2184-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=243 [article] A Systematic Review of Treatments for Anxiety in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Roma A. VASA, Auteur ; Laura M. CARROLL, Auteur ; Alixandra A. NOZZOLILLO, Auteur ; Rajneesh MAHAJAN, Auteur ; Micah O. MAZUREK, Auteur ; Amanda E. BENNETT, Auteur ; Logan K. WINK, Auteur ; Maria Pilar BERNAL, Auteur . - p.3215-3229. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-12 (December 2014) . - p.3215-3229 Mots-clés : Anxiety  Autism spectrum disorders  Treatments  Children  Adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study systematically examined the efficacy and safety of psychopharmacological and non-psychopharmacological treatments for anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Four psychopharmacological, nine cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and two alternative treatment studies met inclusion criteria. Psychopharmacological studies were descriptive or open label, sometimes did not specify the anxiety phenotype, and reported behavioral activation. Citalopram and buspirone yielded some improvement, whereas fluvoxamine did not. Non-psychopharmacological studies were mainly randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with CBT demonstrating moderate efficacy for anxiety disorders in youth with high functioning ASD. Deep pressure and neurofeedback provided some benefit. All studies were short-term and included small sample sizes. Large scale and long term RCTs examining psychopharmacological and non-psychopharmacological treatments are sorely needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2184-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=243

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