Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism / Ilaria MINIO-PALUELLO in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 81 p. Titre : Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ilaria MINIO-PALUELLO, Auteur ; Giuseppina PORCIELLO, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 81 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Emotion recognition  Endophenotype  Face memory  Heterogeneity  Individual identity recognition  Prosopagnosia  Social memory  Theory of mind  Neuroelectrics, Neosync, NovaVision, Magstim, and Cognito and is listed as an  inventor on several issued and pending patents on the real-time integration of  transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography and magnetic resonance  imaging. The other authors declare no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Face individual identity recognition skill is heritable and independent of intellectual ability. Difficulties in face individual identity recognition are present in autistic individuals and their family members and are possibly linked to oxytocin polymorphisms in families with an autistic child. While it is reported that developmental prosopagnosia (i.e., impaired face identity recognition) occurs in 2-3% of the general population, no prosopagnosia prevalence estimate is available for autism. Furthermore, an autism within-group approach has not been reported towards characterizing impaired face memory and to investigate its possible links to social and communication difficulties. METHODS: The present study estimated the prevalence of prosopagnosia in 80 autistic adults with no intellectual disability, investigated its cognitive characteristics and links to autism symptoms' severity, personality traits, and mental state understanding from the eye region by using standardized tests and questionnaires. RESULTS: More than one third of autistic participants showed prosopagnosia. Their face memory skill was not associated with their symptom's severity, empathy, alexithymia, or general intelligence. Face identity recognition was instead linked to mental state recognition from the eye region only in autistic individuals who had prosopagnosia, and this relationship did not depend on participants' basic face perception skills. Importantly, we found that autistic participants were not aware of their face memory skills. LIMITATIONS: We did not test an epidemiological sample, and additional work is necessary to establish whether these results generalize to the entire autism spectrum. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired face individual identity recognition meets the criteria to be a potential endophenotype in autism. In the future, testing for face memory could be used to stratify autistic individuals into genetically meaningful subgroups and be translatable to autism animal models. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00371-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ilaria MINIO-PALUELLO, Auteur ; Giuseppina PORCIELLO, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 81 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 81 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Emotion recognition  Endophenotype  Face memory  Heterogeneity  Individual identity recognition  Prosopagnosia  Social memory  Theory of mind  Neuroelectrics, Neosync, NovaVision, Magstim, and Cognito and is listed as an  inventor on several issued and pending patents on the real-time integration of  transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography and magnetic resonance  imaging. The other authors declare no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Face individual identity recognition skill is heritable and independent of intellectual ability. Difficulties in face individual identity recognition are present in autistic individuals and their family members and are possibly linked to oxytocin polymorphisms in families with an autistic child. While it is reported that developmental prosopagnosia (i.e., impaired face identity recognition) occurs in 2-3% of the general population, no prosopagnosia prevalence estimate is available for autism. Furthermore, an autism within-group approach has not been reported towards characterizing impaired face memory and to investigate its possible links to social and communication difficulties. METHODS: The present study estimated the prevalence of prosopagnosia in 80 autistic adults with no intellectual disability, investigated its cognitive characteristics and links to autism symptoms' severity, personality traits, and mental state understanding from the eye region by using standardized tests and questionnaires. RESULTS: More than one third of autistic participants showed prosopagnosia. Their face memory skill was not associated with their symptom's severity, empathy, alexithymia, or general intelligence. Face identity recognition was instead linked to mental state recognition from the eye region only in autistic individuals who had prosopagnosia, and this relationship did not depend on participants' basic face perception skills. Importantly, we found that autistic participants were not aware of their face memory skills. LIMITATIONS: We did not test an epidemiological sample, and additional work is necessary to establish whether these results generalize to the entire autism spectrum. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired face individual identity recognition meets the criteria to be a potential endophenotype in autism. In the future, testing for face memory could be used to stratify autistic individuals into genetically meaningful subgroups and be translatable to autism animal models. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00371-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Isolating Visual and Proprioceptive Components of Motor Sequence Learning in ASD / Elizabeth A. SHARER in Autism Research, 9-5 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-5 (May 2016) . - p.563-569 Titre : Isolating Visual and Proprioceptive Components of Motor Sequence Learning in ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth A. SHARER, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.563-569 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : serial reaction time task  ASD  motor learning  proprioception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In addition to defining impairments in social communication skills, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also show impairments in more basic sensory and motor skills. Development of new skills involves integrating information from multiple sensory modalities. This input is then used to form internal models of action that can be accessed when both performing skilled movements, as well as understanding those actions performed by others. Learning skilled gestures is particularly reliant on integration of visual and proprioceptive input. We used a modified serial reaction time task (SRTT) to decompose proprioceptive and visual components and examine whether patterns of implicit motor skill learning differ in ASD participants as compared with healthy controls. While both groups learned the implicit motor sequence during training, healthy controls showed robust generalization whereas ASD participants demonstrated little generalization when visual input was constant. In contrast, no group differences in generalization were observed when proprioceptive input was constant, with both groups showing limited degrees of generalization. The findings suggest, when learning a motor sequence, individuals with ASD tend to rely less on visual feedback than do healthy controls. Visuomotor representations are considered to underlie imitative learning and action understanding and are thereby crucial to social skill and cognitive development. Thus, anomalous patterns of implicit motor learning, with a tendency to discount visual feedback, may be an important contributor in core social communication deficits that characterize ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1537 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289 [article] Isolating Visual and Proprioceptive Components of Motor Sequence Learning in ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth A. SHARER, Auteur ; Stewart H. MOSTOFSKY, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur . - p.563-569. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-5 (May 2016) . - p.563-569 Mots-clés : serial reaction time task  ASD  motor learning  proprioception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In addition to defining impairments in social communication skills, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also show impairments in more basic sensory and motor skills. Development of new skills involves integrating information from multiple sensory modalities. This input is then used to form internal models of action that can be accessed when both performing skilled movements, as well as understanding those actions performed by others. Learning skilled gestures is particularly reliant on integration of visual and proprioceptive input. We used a modified serial reaction time task (SRTT) to decompose proprioceptive and visual components and examine whether patterns of implicit motor skill learning differ in ASD participants as compared with healthy controls. While both groups learned the implicit motor sequence during training, healthy controls showed robust generalization whereas ASD participants demonstrated little generalization when visual input was constant. In contrast, no group differences in generalization were observed when proprioceptive input was constant, with both groups showing limited degrees of generalization. The findings suggest, when learning a motor sequence, individuals with ASD tend to rely less on visual feedback than do healthy controls. Visuomotor representations are considered to underlie imitative learning and action understanding and are thereby crucial to social skill and cognitive development. Thus, anomalous patterns of implicit motor learning, with a tendency to discount visual feedback, may be an important contributor in core social communication deficits that characterize ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1537 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=289

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research / Lindsay M. OBERMAN in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.184-203 Titre : Transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur ; Peter G. ENTICOTT, Auteur ; Manuel F. CASANOVA, Auteur ; Alexander ROTENBERG, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; James T. MCCRACKEN, Auteur ; T. M. S. IN A. S. D. CONSENSUS GROUP, THE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.184-203 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  transcranial magnetic stimulation  consensus  review  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined complex neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impairments in social communication, by the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests and activities, and by abnormalities in sensory reactivity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising, emerging tool for the study and potential treatment of ASD. Recent studies suggest that TMS measures provide rapid and noninvasive pathophysiological ASD biomarkers. Furthermore, repetitive TMS (rTMS) may represent a novel treatment strategy for reducing some of the core and associated ASD symptoms. However, the available literature on the TMS use in ASD is preliminary, composed of studies with methodological limitations. Thus, off-label clinical rTMS use for therapeutic interventions in ASD without an investigational device exemption and outside of an IRB approved research trial is premature pending further, adequately powered and controlled trials. Leaders in this field have gathered annually for a two-day conference (prior to the 2014 and 2015 International Meeting for Autism Research, IMFAR) to share recent progress, promote collaboration across laboratories, and establish consensus on protocols. Here we review the literature in the use of TMS in ASD in the context of the unique challenges required for the study and exploration of treatment strategies in this population. We also suggest future directions for this field of investigations. While its true potential in ASD has yet to be delineated, TMS represents an innovative research tool and a novel, possibly transformative approach to the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur ; Peter G. ENTICOTT, Auteur ; Manuel F. CASANOVA, Auteur ; Alexander ROTENBERG, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur ; James T. MCCRACKEN, Auteur ; T. M. S. IN A. S. D. CONSENSUS GROUP, THE, Auteur . - p.184-203. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.184-203 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  transcranial magnetic stimulation  consensus  review  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined complex neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impairments in social communication, by the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests and activities, and by abnormalities in sensory reactivity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising, emerging tool for the study and potential treatment of ASD. Recent studies suggest that TMS measures provide rapid and noninvasive pathophysiological ASD biomarkers. Furthermore, repetitive TMS (rTMS) may represent a novel treatment strategy for reducing some of the core and associated ASD symptoms. However, the available literature on the TMS use in ASD is preliminary, composed of studies with methodological limitations. Thus, off-label clinical rTMS use for therapeutic interventions in ASD without an investigational device exemption and outside of an IRB approved research trial is premature pending further, adequately powered and controlled trials. Leaders in this field have gathered annually for a two-day conference (prior to the 2014 and 2015 International Meeting for Autism Research, IMFAR) to share recent progress, promote collaboration across laboratories, and establish consensus on protocols. Here we review the literature in the use of TMS in ASD in the context of the unique challenges required for the study and exploration of treatment strategies in this population. We also suggest future directions for this field of investigations. While its true potential in ASD has yet to be delineated, TMS represents an innovative research tool and a novel, possibly transformative approach to the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1567 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Lindsay M. OBERMAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-2 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-2 (February 2015) . - p.524-536 Titre : Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur ; Alexander ROTENBERG, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.524-536 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Transcranial magnetic stimulation  TMS  Diagnosis  Therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The clinical, social and financial burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is staggering. We urgently need valid and reliable biomarkers for diagnosis and effective treatments targeting the often debilitating symptoms. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is beginning to be used by a number of centers worldwide and may represent a novel technique with both diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Here we critically review the current scientific evidence for the use of TMS in ASD. Though preliminary data suggests promise, there is simply not enough evidence yet to conclusively support the clinical widespread use of TMS in ASD, neither diagnostically nor therapeutically. Carefully designed and properly controlled clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the true potential of TMS in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1960-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258 [article] Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lindsay M. OBERMAN, Auteur ; Alexander ROTENBERG, Auteur ; Alvaro PASCUAL-LEONE, Auteur . - p.524-536. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-2 (February 2015) . - p.524-536 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Transcranial magnetic stimulation  TMS  Diagnosis  Therapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The clinical, social and financial burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is staggering. We urgently need valid and reliable biomarkers for diagnosis and effective treatments targeting the often debilitating symptoms. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is beginning to be used by a number of centers worldwide and may represent a novel technique with both diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Here we critically review the current scientific evidence for the use of TMS in ASD. Though preliminary data suggests promise, there is simply not enough evidence yet to conclusively support the clinical widespread use of TMS in ASD, neither diagnostically nor therapeutically. Carefully designed and properly controlled clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the true potential of TMS in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1960-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258

---

1 (1 - 4 / 4)