Brief Report: Adults with Autism are Less Accurate at Predicting How Their Personality Traits are Evaluated by Unfamiliar Observers / Noah J. SASSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-6 (June 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-6 (June 2018) . - p.2243-2248 Titre : Brief Report: Adults with Autism are Less Accurate at Predicting How Their Personality Traits are Evaluated by Unfamiliar Observers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; K. E. MORRISON, Auteur ; A. E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; D. J. FASO, Auteur ; M. CHMIELEWSKI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2243-2248 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults  Meta-accuracy  Meta-perception  Personality  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social cognitive impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are well-documented, yet little research has examined whether ASD is also characterized by difficulties in meta-perception, or the ability to gauge how one is perceived. In this study, ASD and TD adults (N = 22) largely did not differ on the self-perception of their personality traits or on how they expected to be perceived by unfamiliar observers. However adults with ASD were rated less favorably by TD observers (N = 412) on 19 out of 20 personality items, and adults with ASD were less accurate at predicting how they would be perceived. These findings suggest impaired meta-perception in ASD that may serve as a potential mechanism through which reduced social cognitive ability contributes to social impairment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3487-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=362 [article] Brief Report: Adults with Autism are Less Accurate at Predicting How Their Personality Traits are Evaluated by Unfamiliar Observers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; K. E. MORRISON, Auteur ; A. E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; D. J. FASO, Auteur ; M. CHMIELEWSKI, Auteur . - p.2243-2248. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-6 (June 2018) . - p.2243-2248 Mots-clés : Adults  Meta-accuracy  Meta-perception  Personality  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social cognitive impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are well-documented, yet little research has examined whether ASD is also characterized by difficulties in meta-perception, or the ability to gauge how one is perceived. In this study, ASD and TD adults (N = 22) largely did not differ on the self-perception of their personality traits or on how they expected to be perceived by unfamiliar observers. However adults with ASD were rated less favorably by TD observers (N = 412) on 19 out of 20 personality items, and adults with ASD were less accurate at predicting how they would be perceived. These findings suggest impaired meta-perception in ASD that may serve as a potential mechanism through which reduced social cognitive ability contributes to social impairment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3487-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=362

First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers / Noah J. SASSON in Autism, 23-1 (January 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.50-59 Titre : First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; K. E. MORRISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.50-59 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism  diagnostic disclosure  first impressions  social-skills interventions  aspergers syndrome  functioning autism  spectrum disorder  college-students  young-adults  stigma  awareness  participation  adolescents  Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically developing observers (N = 215) when their diagnostic status was either withheld, accurately provided, or inaccurately provided. First impressions were less favorable for ASD participants compared to typically developing controls across a range of judgments, but were significantly more positive when accurately labeled as ASD compared to when no label was provided, when mislabeled as typically developing, or when mislabeled as having schizophrenia. For typically developing participants, ratings did not change when accurately labeled but improved when mislabeled as ASD. Greater autistic traits for the ASD and typically developing participants were associated with less favorable first impressions, and females were rated more favorably than males. Autism knowledge of the raters, but not age, IQ, or autistic traits, was positively associated with more favorable impressions of ASD participants. Collectively, these findings suggest that first impressions for intellectually able adults with ASD improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism understanding on the part of peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317729526 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379 [article] First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; K. E. MORRISON, Auteur . - p.50-59. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.50-59 Mots-clés : adults  autism  diagnostic disclosure  first impressions  social-skills interventions  aspergers syndrome  functioning autism  spectrum disorder  college-students  young-adults  stigma  awareness  participation  adolescents  Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically developing observers (N = 215) when their diagnostic status was either withheld, accurately provided, or inaccurately provided. First impressions were less favorable for ASD participants compared to typically developing controls across a range of judgments, but were significantly more positive when accurately labeled as ASD compared to when no label was provided, when mislabeled as typically developing, or when mislabeled as having schizophrenia. For typically developing participants, ratings did not change when accurately labeled but improved when mislabeled as ASD. Greater autistic traits for the ASD and typically developing participants were associated with less favorable first impressions, and females were rated more favorably than males. Autism knowledge of the raters, but not age, IQ, or autistic traits, was positively associated with more favorable impressions of ASD participants. Collectively, these findings suggest that first impressions for intellectually able adults with ASD improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism understanding on the part of peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317729526 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379

Psychometric Evaluation of Social Cognitive Measures for Adults with Autism / K. E. MORRISON in Autism Research, 12-5 (May 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-5 (May 2019) . - p.766-778 Titre : Psychometric Evaluation of Social Cognitive Measures for Adults with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. E. MORRISON, Auteur ; A. E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; S. KELSVEN, Auteur ; K. LUDWIG, Auteur ; D. L. PENN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.766-778 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorder  reliability  social social cognition  validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although social cognition is frequently identified as a target in clinical trials and psychosocial interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), these efforts are hampered by a lack of consensus and validation of social cognitive measures. The current study provides psychometric evaluation of 11 frequently used measures encompassing different subdomains of social cognition. Adults with autism (N = 103) and typically developing controls (N = 95) completed 11 commonly used social cognitive tasks spanning the domains of emotion processing, social perception, and mentalizing/theory of mind. We examined each measure's internal reliability and sensitivity to group differences, how performance related to general intellectual ability, and alignment of measures with a proposed two-factor structure of social cognition in ASD. Controls outperformed the ASD group on 8 of the 11 social cognitive tasks, with the largest group differences occurring on two mentalizing measures, The awareness of social inference task (TASIT) and hinting task. In ASD, all tasks demonstrated strong internal consistency and avoided ceiling and floor effects. Social cognitive performance was also related to, but not redundant with, intellectual functioning. We also found support for a two-factor structure of social cognition, with basic social perception and emotional processing aligning into a lower-order social perception factor, while mentalizing tasks aligned into a higher-order social appraisal factor. In sum, eight tasks showed adequate to strong psychometric properties. The psychometric data, effect size estimates, and correlations between measures reported here can be used for study planning for social cognitive interventions in autism. Autism Research 2019, 12: 766-778. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined 11 tasks that measure how adults with autism perceive and interpret social information. Eight of the tasks were reliable and showed lower performance in adults with autism compared to typically-developing controls. Task performance was related to but distinguishable from IQ. These measures evaluated here may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of interventions and treatments to improve social abilities in adults with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2084 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397 [article] Psychometric Evaluation of Social Cognitive Measures for Adults with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. E. MORRISON, Auteur ; A. E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; S. KELSVEN, Auteur ; K. LUDWIG, Auteur ; D. L. PENN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.766-778. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-5 (May 2019) . - p.766-778 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorder  reliability  social social cognition  validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although social cognition is frequently identified as a target in clinical trials and psychosocial interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), these efforts are hampered by a lack of consensus and validation of social cognitive measures. The current study provides psychometric evaluation of 11 frequently used measures encompassing different subdomains of social cognition. Adults with autism (N = 103) and typically developing controls (N = 95) completed 11 commonly used social cognitive tasks spanning the domains of emotion processing, social perception, and mentalizing/theory of mind. We examined each measure's internal reliability and sensitivity to group differences, how performance related to general intellectual ability, and alignment of measures with a proposed two-factor structure of social cognition in ASD. Controls outperformed the ASD group on 8 of the 11 social cognitive tasks, with the largest group differences occurring on two mentalizing measures, The awareness of social inference task (TASIT) and hinting task. In ASD, all tasks demonstrated strong internal consistency and avoided ceiling and floor effects. Social cognitive performance was also related to, but not redundant with, intellectual functioning. We also found support for a two-factor structure of social cognition, with basic social perception and emotional processing aligning into a lower-order social perception factor, while mentalizing tasks aligned into a higher-order social appraisal factor. In sum, eight tasks showed adequate to strong psychometric properties. The psychometric data, effect size estimates, and correlations between measures reported here can be used for study planning for social cognitive interventions in autism. Autism Research 2019, 12: 766-778. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We examined 11 tasks that measure how adults with autism perceive and interpret social information. Eight of the tasks were reliable and showed lower performance in adults with autism compared to typically-developing controls. Task performance was related to but distinguishable from IQ. These measures evaluated here may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of interventions and treatments to improve social abilities in adults with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2084 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397

Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults / K. E. MORRISON in Autism, 23-7 (October 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1817-1829 Titre : Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Kilee M. DEBRABANDER, Auteur ; D. J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1817-1829 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorder  diagnostic disclosure  first impressions  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that first impressions of autistic adults are more favorable when neurotypical raters know their clinical diagnosis and have high understanding about autism, suggesting that social experiences of autistic adults are affected by the knowledge and beliefs of the neurotypical individuals they encounter. Here, we examine these patterns in more detail by assessing variability in first impression ratings of autistic adults (N = 20) by neurotypical raters (N = 505). Variability in ratings was driven more by characteristics of raters than those of autistic adults, particularly for items related to "intentions to interact." Specifically, variability in rater stigma toward autism and autism knowledge contributed to first impression ratings. Only ratings of "awkwardness" were driven more by characteristics of the autistic adults than characteristics of the raters. Furthermore, although first impressions of autistic adults generally improved when raters were informed of their autism status, providing a diagnosis worsened impressions made by neurotypical raters with high stigma toward autism. Variations in how the diagnosis was labeled (e.g. "autistic" vs "has autism") did not affect results. These findings indicate a large role of neurotypical perceptions and biases in shaping the social experiences for autistic adults that may be improved by reducing stigma and increasing acceptance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318824104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406 [article] Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Kilee M. DEBRABANDER, Auteur ; D. J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.1817-1829. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1817-1829 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorder  diagnostic disclosure  first impressions  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that first impressions of autistic adults are more favorable when neurotypical raters know their clinical diagnosis and have high understanding about autism, suggesting that social experiences of autistic adults are affected by the knowledge and beliefs of the neurotypical individuals they encounter. Here, we examine these patterns in more detail by assessing variability in first impression ratings of autistic adults (N = 20) by neurotypical raters (N = 505). Variability in ratings was driven more by characteristics of raters than those of autistic adults, particularly for items related to "intentions to interact." Specifically, variability in rater stigma toward autism and autism knowledge contributed to first impression ratings. Only ratings of "awkwardness" were driven more by characteristics of the autistic adults than characteristics of the raters. Furthermore, although first impressions of autistic adults generally improved when raters were informed of their autism status, providing a diagnosis worsened impressions made by neurotypical raters with high stigma toward autism. Variations in how the diagnosis was labeled (e.g. "autistic" vs "has autism") did not affect results. These findings indicate a large role of neurotypical perceptions and biases in shaping the social experiences for autistic adults that may be improved by reducing stigma and increasing acceptance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318824104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406

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