Adults with Autism and Adults with Depression Show Similar Attentional Biases to Social-Affective Images / Kathryn E. UNRUH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-7 (July 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-7 (July 2020) . - p.2336-2347 Titre : Adults with Autism and Adults with Depression Show Similar Attentional Biases to Social-Affective Images Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kathryn E. UNRUH, Auteur ; James W. BODFISH, Auteur ; Katherine GOTHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2336-2347 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Eye-tracking  Mood  Negativity bias  Repetitive thinking  Rumination Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with ASD have increased rates of depression compared to the general population. Repetitive cognition is a core feature of ASD; in typically developing adults, repetitive cognition has been associated with attentional biases to negative emotional material and increased prospective depression risk. We compared adults with ASD to typically developing adults with depression and never-depressed controls, using a paired preference paradigm sensitive to affective biases in the context of repetitive cognition. Both clinical cohorts oriented faster to negative social-emotional material and spent less time overall on positive material, compared to healthy controls. Exploratory analyses within ASD revealed specific influences of repetitive behavior on patterns of affective bias. Findings help pinpoint susceptibilities in ASD that may confer increased risk for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3627-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426 [article] Adults with Autism and Adults with Depression Show Similar Attentional Biases to Social-Affective Images [texte imprimé] / Kathryn E. UNRUH, Auteur ; James W. BODFISH, Auteur ; Katherine GOTHAM, Auteur . - p.2336-2347. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-7 (July 2020) . - p.2336-2347 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Eye-tracking  Mood  Negativity bias  Repetitive thinking  Rumination Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with ASD have increased rates of depression compared to the general population. Repetitive cognition is a core feature of ASD; in typically developing adults, repetitive cognition has been associated with attentional biases to negative emotional material and increased prospective depression risk. We compared adults with ASD to typically developing adults with depression and never-depressed controls, using a paired preference paradigm sensitive to affective biases in the context of repetitive cognition. Both clinical cohorts oriented faster to negative social-emotional material and spent less time overall on positive material, compared to healthy controls. Exploratory analyses within ASD revealed specific influences of repetitive behavior on patterns of affective bias. Findings help pinpoint susceptibilities in ASD that may confer increased risk for depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3627-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426

Correction: Endophenotype trait domains for advancing gene discovery in autism spectrum disorder / Matthew W. MOSCONI in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 16 (2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 16 (2024) Titre : Correction: Endophenotype trait domains for advancing gene discovery in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur ; Cassandra J. STEVENS, Auteur ; Kathryn E. UNRUH, Auteur ; Robin SHAFER, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-024-09523-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=575 [article] Correction: Endophenotype trait domains for advancing gene discovery in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur ; Cassandra J. STEVENS, Auteur ; Kathryn E. UNRUH, Auteur ; Robin SHAFER, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 16 (2024) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-024-09523-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=575

Depression and its measurement in verbal adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder / Katherine GOTHAM in Autism, 19-4 (May 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-4 (May 2015) . - p.491-504 Titre : Depression and its measurement in verbal adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katherine GOTHAM, Auteur ; Kathryn UNRUH, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.491-504 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In a sample of 50 verbally fluent adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (age: 16–31 years; verbal IQ: 72–140), we examined the pattern of response and associations between scores on common measures of depressive symptoms, participant characteristics, and clinical diagnosis of depressive disorders. Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition item descriptives in this autism spectrum disorder sample were compared to previously published data from a large typically developing sample, with results suggesting that cognitive-attributional symptoms of depression may be particularly prevalent in autism spectrum disorder. Scores on a variety of self- and parent-report depression measures were not associated with chronological age or verbal IQ, and were relatively highly correlated with each other and with clinical diagnosis of a mood disorder. The Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition and the Adult Self-Report “Depressive” scale best identified both depressed and non-depressed participants in this sample, though neither was particularly strong. Validation studies of depression measures in the autism spectrum disorder population are necessary to advance research into this prevalent and impairing comorbidity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361314536625 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 [article] Depression and its measurement in verbal adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Katherine GOTHAM, Auteur ; Kathryn UNRUH, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur . - p.491-504. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-4 (May 2015) . - p.491-504 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In a sample of 50 verbally fluent adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (age: 16–31 years; verbal IQ: 72–140), we examined the pattern of response and associations between scores on common measures of depressive symptoms, participant characteristics, and clinical diagnosis of depressive disorders. Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition item descriptives in this autism spectrum disorder sample were compared to previously published data from a large typically developing sample, with results suggesting that cognitive-attributional symptoms of depression may be particularly prevalent in autism spectrum disorder. Scores on a variety of self- and parent-report depression measures were not associated with chronological age or verbal IQ, and were relatively highly correlated with each other and with clinical diagnosis of a mood disorder. The Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition and the Adult Self-Report “Depressive” scale best identified both depressed and non-depressed participants in this sample, though neither was particularly strong. Validation studies of depression measures in the autism spectrum disorder population are necessary to advance research into this prevalent and impairing comorbidity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361314536625 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257

Endophenotype trait domains for advancing gene discovery in autism spectrum disorder / Matthew W. MOSCONI in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 15 (2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 15 (2023) Titre : Endophenotype trait domains for advancing gene discovery in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur ; Cassandra J. STEVENS, Auteur ; Kathryn E. UNRUH, Auteur ; Robin SHAFER, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Infant  Humans  Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics  Endophenotypes  Language  Neurodevelopmental Disorders  Genetic Association Studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a diverse range of etiological processes, including both genetic and non-genetic causes. For a plurality of individuals with ASD, it is likely that the primary causes involve multiple common inherited variants that individually account for only small levels of variation in phenotypic outcomes. This genetic landscape creates a major challenge for detecting small but important pathogenic effects associated with ASD. To address similar challenges, separate fields of medicine have identified endophenotypes, or discrete, quantitative traits that reflect genetic likelihood for a particular clinical condition and leveraged the study of these traits to map polygenic mechanisms and advance more personalized therapeutic strategies for complex diseases. Endophenotypes represent a distinct class of biomarkers useful for understanding genetic contributions to psychiatric and developmental disorders because they are embedded within the causal chain between genotype and clinical phenotype, and they are more proximal to the action of the gene(s) than behavioral traits. Despite their demonstrated power for guiding new understanding of complex genetic structures of clinical conditions, few endophenotypes associated with ASD have been identified and integrated into family genetic studies. In this review, we argue that advancing knowledge of the complex pathogenic processes that contribute to ASD can be accelerated by refocusing attention toward identifying endophenotypic traits reflective of inherited mechanisms. This pivot requires renewed emphasis on study designs with measurement of familial co-variation including infant sibling studies, family trio and quad designs, and analysis of monozygotic and dizygotic twin concordance for select trait dimensions. We also emphasize that clarification of endophenotypic traits necessarily will involve integration of transdiagnostic approaches as candidate traits likely reflect liability for multiple clinical conditions and often are agnostic to diagnostic boundaries. Multiple candidate endophenotypes associated with ASD likelihood are described, and we propose a new focus on the analysis of "endophenotype trait domains" (ETDs), or traits measured across multiple levels (e.g., molecular, cellular, neural system, neuropsychological) along the causal pathway from genes to behavior. To inform our central argument for research efforts toward ETD discovery, we first provide a brief review of the concept of endophenotypes and their application to psychiatry. Next, we highlight key criteria for determining the value of candidate endophenotypes, including unique considerations for the study of ASD. Descriptions of different study designs for assessing endophenotypes in ASD research then are offered, including analysis of how select patterns of results may help prioritize candidate traits in future research. We also present multiple candidate ETDs that collectively cover a breadth of clinical phenomena associated with ASD, including social, language/communication, cognitive control, and sensorimotor processes. These ETDs are described because they represent promising targets for gene discovery related to clinical autistic traits, and they serve as models for analysis of separate candidate domains that may inform understanding of inherited etiological processes associated with ASD as well as overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-023-09511-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=575 [article] Endophenotype trait domains for advancing gene discovery in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur ; Cassandra J. STEVENS, Auteur ; Kathryn E. UNRUH, Auteur ; Robin SHAFER, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 15 (2023) Mots-clés : Infant  Humans  Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics  Endophenotypes  Language  Neurodevelopmental Disorders  Genetic Association Studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a diverse range of etiological processes, including both genetic and non-genetic causes. For a plurality of individuals with ASD, it is likely that the primary causes involve multiple common inherited variants that individually account for only small levels of variation in phenotypic outcomes. This genetic landscape creates a major challenge for detecting small but important pathogenic effects associated with ASD. To address similar challenges, separate fields of medicine have identified endophenotypes, or discrete, quantitative traits that reflect genetic likelihood for a particular clinical condition and leveraged the study of these traits to map polygenic mechanisms and advance more personalized therapeutic strategies for complex diseases. Endophenotypes represent a distinct class of biomarkers useful for understanding genetic contributions to psychiatric and developmental disorders because they are embedded within the causal chain between genotype and clinical phenotype, and they are more proximal to the action of the gene(s) than behavioral traits. Despite their demonstrated power for guiding new understanding of complex genetic structures of clinical conditions, few endophenotypes associated with ASD have been identified and integrated into family genetic studies. In this review, we argue that advancing knowledge of the complex pathogenic processes that contribute to ASD can be accelerated by refocusing attention toward identifying endophenotypic traits reflective of inherited mechanisms. This pivot requires renewed emphasis on study designs with measurement of familial co-variation including infant sibling studies, family trio and quad designs, and analysis of monozygotic and dizygotic twin concordance for select trait dimensions. We also emphasize that clarification of endophenotypic traits necessarily will involve integration of transdiagnostic approaches as candidate traits likely reflect liability for multiple clinical conditions and often are agnostic to diagnostic boundaries. Multiple candidate endophenotypes associated with ASD likelihood are described, and we propose a new focus on the analysis of "endophenotype trait domains" (ETDs), or traits measured across multiple levels (e.g., molecular, cellular, neural system, neuropsychological) along the causal pathway from genes to behavior. To inform our central argument for research efforts toward ETD discovery, we first provide a brief review of the concept of endophenotypes and their application to psychiatry. Next, we highlight key criteria for determining the value of candidate endophenotypes, including unique considerations for the study of ASD. Descriptions of different study designs for assessing endophenotypes in ASD research then are offered, including analysis of how select patterns of results may help prioritize candidate traits in future research. We also present multiple candidate ETDs that collectively cover a breadth of clinical phenomena associated with ASD, including social, language/communication, cognitive control, and sensorimotor processes. These ETDs are described because they represent promising targets for gene discovery related to clinical autistic traits, and they serve as models for analysis of separate candidate domains that may inform understanding of inherited etiological processes associated with ASD as well as overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-023-09511-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=575

Initial action output and feedback-guided motor behaviors in autism spectrum disorder / Kathryn E. UNRUH in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 52 p. Titre : Initial action output and feedback-guided motor behaviors in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kathryn E. UNRUH, Auteur ; Walker S. MCKINNEY, Auteur ; Erin K. BOJANEK, Auteur ; Kandace K. FLEMING, Auteur ; John A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur Article en page(s) : 52 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Eye movement  Lateralization  Precision grip  Sensorimotor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sensorimotor issues are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), related to core symptoms, and predictive of worse functional outcomes. Deficits in rapid behaviors supported primarily by feedforward mechanisms, and continuous, feedback-guided motor behaviors each have been reported, but the degrees to which they are distinct or co-segregate within individuals and across development are not well understood. METHODS: We characterized behaviors that varied in their involvement of feedforward control relative to feedback control across skeletomotor (precision grip force) and oculomotor (saccades) control systems in 109 individuals with ASD and 101 age-matched typically developing controls (range: 5-29 years) including 58 individuals with ASD and 57 controls who completed both grip and saccade tests. Grip force was examined across multiple force (15, 45, and 85% MVC) and visual gain levels (low, medium, high). Maximum grip force also was examined. During grip force tests, reaction time, initial force output accuracy, variability, and entropy were examined. For the saccade test, latency, accuracy, and trial-wise variability of latency and accuracy were examined. RESULTS: Relative to controls, individuals with ASD showed similar accuracy of initial grip force but reduced accuracy of saccadic eye movements specific to older ages of our sample. Force variability was greater in ASD relative to controls, but saccade gain variability (across trials) was not different between groups. Force entropy was reduced in ASD, especially at older ages. We also find reduced grip strength in ASD that was more severe in dominant compared to non-dominant hands. LIMITATIONS: Our age-related findings rely on cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies of sensorimotor behaviors and their associations with ASD symptoms are needed. CONCLUSIONS: We identify reduced accuracy of initial motor output in ASD that was specific to the oculomotor system implicating deficient feedforward control that may be mitigated during slower occurring behaviors executed in the periphery. Individuals with ASD showed increased continuous force variability but similar levels of trial-to-trial saccade accuracy variability suggesting that feedback-guided refinement of motor commands is deficient specifically when adjustments occur rapidly during continuous behavior. We also document reduced lateralization of grip strength in ASD implicating atypical hemispheric specialization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00452-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Initial action output and feedback-guided motor behaviors in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Kathryn E. UNRUH, Auteur ; Walker S. MCKINNEY, Auteur ; Erin K. BOJANEK, Auteur ; Kandace K. FLEMING, Auteur ; John A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur . - 52 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 52 p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Eye movement  Lateralization  Precision grip  Sensorimotor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sensorimotor issues are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), related to core symptoms, and predictive of worse functional outcomes. Deficits in rapid behaviors supported primarily by feedforward mechanisms, and continuous, feedback-guided motor behaviors each have been reported, but the degrees to which they are distinct or co-segregate within individuals and across development are not well understood. METHODS: We characterized behaviors that varied in their involvement of feedforward control relative to feedback control across skeletomotor (precision grip force) and oculomotor (saccades) control systems in 109 individuals with ASD and 101 age-matched typically developing controls (range: 5-29 years) including 58 individuals with ASD and 57 controls who completed both grip and saccade tests. Grip force was examined across multiple force (15, 45, and 85% MVC) and visual gain levels (low, medium, high). Maximum grip force also was examined. During grip force tests, reaction time, initial force output accuracy, variability, and entropy were examined. For the saccade test, latency, accuracy, and trial-wise variability of latency and accuracy were examined. RESULTS: Relative to controls, individuals with ASD showed similar accuracy of initial grip force but reduced accuracy of saccadic eye movements specific to older ages of our sample. Force variability was greater in ASD relative to controls, but saccade gain variability (across trials) was not different between groups. Force entropy was reduced in ASD, especially at older ages. We also find reduced grip strength in ASD that was more severe in dominant compared to non-dominant hands. LIMITATIONS: Our age-related findings rely on cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies of sensorimotor behaviors and their associations with ASD symptoms are needed. CONCLUSIONS: We identify reduced accuracy of initial motor output in ASD that was specific to the oculomotor system implicating deficient feedforward control that may be mitigated during slower occurring behaviors executed in the periphery. Individuals with ASD showed increased continuous force variability but similar levels of trial-to-trial saccade accuracy variability suggesting that feedback-guided refinement of motor commands is deficient specifically when adjustments occur rapidly during continuous behavior. We also document reduced lateralization of grip strength in ASD implicating atypical hemispheric specialization. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00452-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Sensorimotor Behavior in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Biological Parents / Erin K. BOJANEK in Autism Research, 18-3 (March 2025)  

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Subcortical brain volume variations in autistic individuals across the lifespan / Danielle CHRISTENSEN in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

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Subgrouping Autism Based on Symptom Severity Leads to Differences in the Degree of Convergence Between Core Feature Domains / Allison WHITTEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-6 (June 2018)  

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