Hidden talents in harsh environments / Bruce J. ELLIS in Development and Psychopathology, 34-1 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 34-1 (February 2022) . - p.95-113 Titre : Hidden talents in harsh environments Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bruce J. ELLIS, Auteur ; Laura S. ABRAMS, Auteur ; Ann S. MASTEN, Auteur ; Robert J. STERNBERG, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur ; Willem E. FRANKENHUIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.95-113 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive intelligence  adjudicated youth  developmental adaptation to stress  educational interventions  neuroplasticity  resilience  stress-adapted skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced, skills for solving problems in high-adversity contexts (i.e., ?hidden talents?). Here we situate the hidden talents model within a larger interdisciplinary framework. Summarizing theory and research on hidden talents, we propose that stress-adapted skills represent a form of adaptive intelligence that enables individuals to function within the constraints of harsh, unpredictable environments. We discuss the alignment of the hidden talents model with current knowledge about human brain development following early adversity; examine potential applications of this perspective to multiple sectors concerned with youth from harsh environments, including education, social services, and juvenile justice; and compare the hidden talents model with contemporary developmental resilience models. We conclude that the hidden talents approach offers exciting new directions for research on developmental adaptations to childhood adversity, with translational implications for leveraging stress-adapted skills to more effectively tailor education, jobs, and interventions to fit the needs and potentials of individuals from a diverse range of life circumstances. This approach affords a well-rounded view of people who live with adversity that avoids stigma and communicates a novel, distinctive, and strength-based message. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000887 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 [article] Hidden talents in harsh environments [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bruce J. ELLIS, Auteur ; Laura S. ABRAMS, Auteur ; Ann S. MASTEN, Auteur ; Robert J. STERNBERG, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur ; Willem E. FRANKENHUIS, Auteur . - p.95-113. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 34-1 (February 2022) . - p.95-113 Mots-clés : adaptive intelligence  adjudicated youth  developmental adaptation to stress  educational interventions  neuroplasticity  resilience  stress-adapted skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced, skills for solving problems in high-adversity contexts (i.e., ?hidden talents?). Here we situate the hidden talents model within a larger interdisciplinary framework. Summarizing theory and research on hidden talents, we propose that stress-adapted skills represent a form of adaptive intelligence that enables individuals to function within the constraints of harsh, unpredictable environments. We discuss the alignment of the hidden talents model with current knowledge about human brain development following early adversity; examine potential applications of this perspective to multiple sectors concerned with youth from harsh environments, including education, social services, and juvenile justice; and compare the hidden talents model with contemporary developmental resilience models. We conclude that the hidden talents approach offers exciting new directions for research on developmental adaptations to childhood adversity, with translational implications for leveraging stress-adapted skills to more effectively tailor education, jobs, and interventions to fit the needs and potentials of individuals from a diverse range of life circumstances. This approach affords a well-rounded view of people who live with adversity that avoids stigma and communicates a novel, distinctive, and strength-based message. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000887 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474

What is the expected human childhood? Insights from evolutionary anthropology / Willem E. FRANKENHUIS in Development and Psychopathology, 34-2 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 473-497 Titre : What is the expected human childhood? Insights from evolutionary anthropology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Willem E. FRANKENHUIS, Auteur ; Dorsa AMIR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 473-497 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : dimensions of adversity  expected childhood  human evolution  deprivation  threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In psychological research, there are often assumptions about the conditions that children expect to encounter during their development. These assumptions shape prevailing ideas about the experiences that children are capable of adjusting to, and whether their responses are viewed as impairments or adaptations. Specifically, the expected childhood is often depicted as nurturing and safe, and characterized by high levels of caregiver investment. Here, we synthesize evidence from history, anthropology, and primatology to challenge this view. We integrate the findings of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cross-cultural investigations on three forms of threat (infanticide, violent conflict, and predation) and three forms of deprivation (social, cognitive, and nutritional) that children have faced throughout human evolution. Our results show that mean levels of threat and deprivation were higher than is typical in industrialized societies, and that our species has experienced much variation in the levels of these adversities across space and time. These conditions likely favored a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, or the ability to tailor development to different conditions. This body of evidence has implications for recognizing developmental adaptations to adversity, for cultural variation in responses to adverse experiences, and for definitions of adversity and deprivation as deviation from the expected human childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 [article] What is the expected human childhood? Insights from evolutionary anthropology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Willem E. FRANKENHUIS, Auteur ; Dorsa AMIR, Auteur . - 473-497. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 473-497 Mots-clés : dimensions of adversity  expected childhood  human evolution  deprivation  threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In psychological research, there are often assumptions about the conditions that children expect to encounter during their development. These assumptions shape prevailing ideas about the experiences that children are capable of adjusting to, and whether their responses are viewed as impairments or adaptations. Specifically, the expected childhood is often depicted as nurturing and safe, and characterized by high levels of caregiver investment. Here, we synthesize evidence from history, anthropology, and primatology to challenge this view. We integrate the findings of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cross-cultural investigations on three forms of threat (infanticide, violent conflict, and predation) and three forms of deprivation (social, cognitive, and nutritional) that children have faced throughout human evolution. Our results show that mean levels of threat and deprivation were higher than is typical in industrialized societies, and that our species has experienced much variation in the levels of these adversities across space and time. These conditions likely favored a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, or the ability to tailor development to different conditions. This body of evidence has implications for recognizing developmental adaptations to adversity, for cultural variation in responses to adverse experiences, and for definitions of adversity and deprivation as deviation from the expected human childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474

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