Causal effects of psychostimulants on neural connectivity: a mechanistic, randomized clinical trial / Yun WANG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-11 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1381-1391 Titre : Causal effects of psychostimulants on neural connectivity: a mechanistic, randomized clinical trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yun WANG, Auteur ; Ellen KESSEL, Auteur ; Seonjoo LEE, Auteur ; Susie HONG, Auteur ; Elizabeth RAFFANELLO, Auteur ; Leslie A. HULVERSHORN, Auteur ; Amy MARGOLIS, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur ; Jonathan POSNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1381-1391 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Humans  Child  Young Adult  Adult  Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate/pharmacology/therapeutic use  Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Brain Mapping  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Adhd  Dynamic Functional MRI (fMRI)  Lisdexamfetamine  Striatum  Structural Equation Modeling  Thalamus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Psychostimulants are frequently used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but side effects are common leading to many patients discontinuing treatment. Identifying neural mechanisms by which psychostimulants attenuate symptoms may guide the development of more refined and tolerable therapeutics. METHODS: We conducted a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) of a long-acting amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine (LDEX), in patients with ADHD, ages 6-25 years old. Of the 58 participants who participated in the RCT, 49 completed pre- and post-RCT magnetic resonance imaging scanning with adequate data quality. Healthy controls (HCs; n=46) were included for comparison. Treatment effects on striatal and thalamic functional connectivity (FC) were identified using static (time-averaged) and dynamic (time-varying) measures and then correlated with symptom improvement. Analyses were repeated in independent samples from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n=103) and the ADHD-200 Consortium (n=213). RESULTS: In 49 participants (25 LDEX; 24 Placebo), LDEX increased static and decreased dynamic FC (DFC). However, only DFC was associated with the therapeutic effects of LDEX. Additionally, at baseline, DFC was elevated in unmedicated-ADHD participants relative to HCs. Independent samples yielded similar findings - ADHD was associated with increased DFC, and psychostimulants with reduced DFC. Static FC findings were inconsistent across samples. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in dynamic, but not static, FC were associated with the therapeutic effects of psychostimulants. While prior research has focused on static FC, DFC may offer a more reliable target for new ADHD interventions aimed at stabilizing network dynamics, though this needs confirmation with subsequent investigations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13585 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] Causal effects of psychostimulants on neural connectivity: a mechanistic, randomized clinical trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yun WANG, Auteur ; Ellen KESSEL, Auteur ; Seonjoo LEE, Auteur ; Susie HONG, Auteur ; Elizabeth RAFFANELLO, Auteur ; Leslie A. HULVERSHORN, Auteur ; Amy MARGOLIS, Auteur ; Bradley S. PETERSON, Auteur ; Jonathan POSNER, Auteur . - p.1381-1391. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1381-1391 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Humans  Child  Young Adult  Adult  Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate/pharmacology/therapeutic use  Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Brain Mapping  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Adhd  Dynamic Functional MRI (fMRI)  Lisdexamfetamine  Striatum  Structural Equation Modeling  Thalamus Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Psychostimulants are frequently used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but side effects are common leading to many patients discontinuing treatment. Identifying neural mechanisms by which psychostimulants attenuate symptoms may guide the development of more refined and tolerable therapeutics. METHODS: We conducted a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) of a long-acting amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine (LDEX), in patients with ADHD, ages 6-25 years old. Of the 58 participants who participated in the RCT, 49 completed pre- and post-RCT magnetic resonance imaging scanning with adequate data quality. Healthy controls (HCs; n=46) were included for comparison. Treatment effects on striatal and thalamic functional connectivity (FC) were identified using static (time-averaged) and dynamic (time-varying) measures and then correlated with symptom improvement. Analyses were repeated in independent samples from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n=103) and the ADHD-200 Consortium (n=213). RESULTS: In 49 participants (25 LDEX; 24 Placebo), LDEX increased static and decreased dynamic FC (DFC). However, only DFC was associated with the therapeutic effects of LDEX. Additionally, at baseline, DFC was elevated in unmedicated-ADHD participants relative to HCs. Independent samples yielded similar findings - ADHD was associated with increased DFC, and psychostimulants with reduced DFC. Static FC findings were inconsistent across samples. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in dynamic, but not static, FC were associated with the therapeutic effects of psychostimulants. While prior research has focused on static FC, DFC may offer a more reliable target for new ADHD interventions aimed at stabilizing network dynamics, though this needs confirmation with subsequent investigations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13585 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

Food choice and neural reward systems in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa / Jonathan POSNER ; Janet SCHEBENDACH ; Alexandra F. MURATORE ; Susie HONG ; Jessica OJEDA ; Elizabeth RAFANELLO ; Joanna E. STEINGLASS ; Karin FOERDE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-3 (March 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-3 (March 2025) . - p.378-389 Titre : Food choice and neural reward systems in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonathan POSNER, Auteur ; Janet SCHEBENDACH, Auteur ; Alexandra F. MURATORE, Auteur ; Susie HONG, Auteur ; Jessica OJEDA, Auteur ; Elizabeth RAFANELLO, Auteur ; Joanna E. STEINGLASS, Auteur ; Karin FOERDE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.378-389 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anorexia nervosa  adolescence  neuroimaging  reward  caudate Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adolescence is a critical developmental period for the study of anorexia nervosa (AN), an illness characterized by extreme restriction of food intake. The maturation of the reward system during adolescence combined with recent neurobiological models of AN led to the hypothesis that early on in illness, restrictive food choices would be associated with activity in nucleus accumbens reward regions, rather than caudate regions identified among adults with AN. Methods Healthy adolescents (HC, n?=?41) and adolescents with AN or atypical AN (atypAN, n?=?76) completed a Food Choice Task during fMRI scanning. Selection of high-fat foods and choice-related activation in nucleus accumbens and anterior caudate regions-of-interest (ROIs) were compared between individuals with AN/atypAN and HC. Associations were examined between choice-related activation and choice preferences among the AN group. Exploratory analyses examined associations between choice-related activation and psychological assessments among the patient group. Results Adolescents with AN or atypAN selected fewer high-fat foods than HC (t?=??5.92, p? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14066 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=548 [article] Food choice and neural reward systems in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonathan POSNER, Auteur ; Janet SCHEBENDACH, Auteur ; Alexandra F. MURATORE, Auteur ; Susie HONG, Auteur ; Jessica OJEDA, Auteur ; Elizabeth RAFANELLO, Auteur ; Joanna E. STEINGLASS, Auteur ; Karin FOERDE, Auteur . - p.378-389. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-3 (March 2025) . - p.378-389 Mots-clés : Anorexia nervosa  adolescence  neuroimaging  reward  caudate Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Adolescence is a critical developmental period for the study of anorexia nervosa (AN), an illness characterized by extreme restriction of food intake. The maturation of the reward system during adolescence combined with recent neurobiological models of AN led to the hypothesis that early on in illness, restrictive food choices would be associated with activity in nucleus accumbens reward regions, rather than caudate regions identified among adults with AN. Methods Healthy adolescents (HC, n?=?41) and adolescents with AN or atypical AN (atypAN, n?=?76) completed a Food Choice Task during fMRI scanning. Selection of high-fat foods and choice-related activation in nucleus accumbens and anterior caudate regions-of-interest (ROIs) were compared between individuals with AN/atypAN and HC. Associations were examined between choice-related activation and choice preferences among the AN group. Exploratory analyses examined associations between choice-related activation and psychological assessments among the patient group. Results Adolescents with AN or atypAN selected fewer high-fat foods than HC (t?=??5.92, p? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14066 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=548

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